句子的核心是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的確定取決于主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子含義和結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)準(zhǔn)主語(yǔ)是掌握主謂一致的必要條件；弄清主謂一致的語(yǔ)言規(guī)則和習(xí)慣是掌握主謂一致的充分條件，要正確使用主謂一致，兩個(gè)條件缺一不可，但同學(xué)們往往會(huì)走入以下三大誤區(qū)。
誤區(qū)一 誤認(rèn)主語(yǔ)
1. 倒裝句
�、貰etween the two buildings are a big tree. (×）
②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)
[解析] 第①句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用are，錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為the two buildings是該句的主語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上是介詞between的賓語(yǔ)，一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，而介詞短語(yǔ)不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。該句是一個(gè)倒裝句，真正主語(yǔ)是a big tree.因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 倒裝句的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)
2. 主語(yǔ)之后帶有介詞短語(yǔ)
�、賂he fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×）
�、赥he fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√)
[解析] 第①句誤認(rèn)為apples, oranges是主語(yǔ)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用are，而實(shí)際上the fruit才是該句的主語(yǔ)，like apples，oranges是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the fruit.該句譯為“像蘋(píng)果、桔子之類(lèi)的水果對(duì)我們的身體是有好處的”。因此第②句是正確的。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：主語(yǔ)+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)一致，而與介詞短語(yǔ)之后的名詞無(wú)關(guān)。
3. one of . . . + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×）
�、赥here are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
[解析] one of the boys的中心詞是one，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因主要是把the boys當(dāng)成了該句的主語(yǔ)。
4. 定語(yǔ)從句
①I(mǎi) like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×）
�、贗 like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)
[解析] which were taken in Beijing是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，用于修飾先行詞the photos，而which本身就代替先行詞the photos.因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因是沒(méi)有弄清楚關(guān)系詞which的實(shí)質(zhì)，只是從形式上看它是單數(shù)。
特別提醒 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。 誤區(qū)二 被主語(yǔ)的表象迷惑
1. 看似復(fù)數(shù)卻表單數(shù)概念
①M(fèi)aths are my favourite subject. (×）
�、贛aths is my favourite subject. (√)
[解析] maths本身是一個(gè)以“s”結(jié)尾的單詞，而不是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示單數(shù)概念“數(shù)學(xué)”這一學(xué)科，因此第②句正確。
類(lèi)似的有：physics，news，politics . . .
2. 看似單數(shù)卻表復(fù)數(shù)概念
①The police is searching for the robbers. (×）
�、赥he police are searching for the robbers. (√)
[解析] the police譯為“警方”，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，而不是表示“那個(gè)警察”，因此第②句正確，類(lèi)似的詞有：people，the +形容詞，the +姓+family等均表復(fù)數(shù)概念。
3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同形
�、賂here are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ (×）
�、赥here is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ (√)
[解析] sheep是一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞，由于sheep之前用的a little修飾，加上Can you see it中的it指代單數(shù)，因此a little sheep譯為“一只小綿羊”，因此第②句正確。如果將原題改為：There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them？那又會(huì)怎么樣呢。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞還有fish, Chinese, Japanese等，要根據(jù)句子的含義和結(jié)構(gòu)暗示來(lái)判斷其單復(fù)數(shù)。
4. 集合名詞
�、賂heir family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×）
�、赥heir family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√)
[解析] family是一個(gè)集合名詞，表示整體概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，表示個(gè)體概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。該句譯為“他們?nèi)液苄腋＃F(xiàn)在全家人正在看電視”。因此第一個(gè)family表示整體概念，譯為“家庭”，第二個(gè)family表示個(gè)體概念，譯為“家人”，第②句正確。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的還有g(shù)roup，class，team等既可表單數(shù)也可表復(fù)數(shù)。 誤區(qū)三 誤用語(yǔ)言規(guī)則
1. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量、數(shù)量等名詞作主語(yǔ)
�、賂en years are quite a long time. (×）
�、赥en years is quite a long time. (√)
[解析] 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量、數(shù)量等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，容易錯(cuò)誤理解為復(fù)數(shù)而出現(xiàn)第①句的錯(cuò)誤。
2. 由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)
�、賂he twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×）
�、赥he twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√)
[解析] the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念，譯為“第20課即最后一課”，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。同學(xué)們?nèi)菀族e(cuò)誤理解“第20課和最后一課”，如果表示兩課，應(yīng)該表達(dá)為“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。
特別提醒 由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，表示不同的概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
3. 就近原則
�、貼either you nor he have been to Beijing. (×）
�、贜either you nor he has been to Beijing. (√)
[解析] neither . . . nor連接的并列主語(yǔ)(you ， he)雖然表示兩個(gè)人，但根據(jù)語(yǔ)言規(guī)則，當(dāng)它連接并列主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則，該由he決定，因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的還有either . . . or，not only . . . but also，not . . . but，以及there be之后的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的確定都根據(jù)“就近原則”。
4. this kind of，a piece of，this pair of等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)
�、賂his pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×）
�、赥his pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)
[解析] trousers作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)它被this pair of修飾時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 this kind of，a piece of，a bag of，a box of等，這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由這些短語(yǔ)中的名詞決定，而與它們所修飾的名詞無(wú)關(guān)。
5. the rest of, half of等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)
�、貶alf of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×）
�、贖alf of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)
[解析] 根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷the rest of it中的it，指the work，而work是不可數(shù)名詞，因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 all of，most of，half of，the rest of，以及a lot of，some，any+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)后面的名詞確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
6. 一句話提示
①合成不定代詞(如something，anybody等)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；
�、趧�(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；
�、踑 number of +名詞(復(fù))作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，the number of +名詞(復(fù))作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；
�、躰one of . . . 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 金題精練
根據(jù)句意，從所給出的選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。
1. The news _____ very worth listening to.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours？
—No. My glasses _____ on the desk.
A. Is， is B. Are， is C. Is， are D. Are， are
3. The old _____ taken good care of in China now.
A. was B. are C. is D. were
4. Nobody except the twins ___ to Hongkong before.
A. have been B. have gone
C. has been D. has gone
5. —What’s on the plate？
—There _____ some rice on it.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. Five years _____ since we met last.
A. have passed B. has past
C. has passed D. have pasted
7. Here _____ some flowers for you.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
8. There __________ a number of teachers， but the number of women teachers ________ only thirty.
A. are， are B. are， is C. is， are D. is， is
9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _______ I am right.
A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking
10. Doing morning exercises _____ good for our health.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
11. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to help others.
A. is B. are C. being D. was
12. The Smith family _____ making dumplings in the kitchen.
A. is B. are C. has been D. can
13. One third of the population in our city ______ farmers in the past.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
14. The headmaster and the teacher ______ coming to us now.
A. are B. is C. will D. am
15. Tom as well as his friends _____ skating every Saturday.
A. are B. is C. go D. goes
(Keys： 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D) |
