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1、疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個:
指人:who, whom, whose
指物:what
既可指人又可指物:which
2、疑問代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:
疑問代詞:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美國的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個方向的?
限定詞: Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國?
3、無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),例如:
Which girls do you like best?
你喜歡哪幾個姑娘?
What girls do you like best?
你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?
4、who通常作主語和表語,whom作賓語,例如:
Who is to take the chair? 誰做主席?
Who is speaking? 是哪一位(打電話)?
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了誰?(作動詞賓語)
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把這書帶給誰?(作介詞賓語,置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校園里和誰講話了?(作介詞賓語,置介詞 后,不能用who取代。)
5、Whose, what, which這三個疑問代詞可以用作:
(1) 主語:
What happened next? 后來怎么樣了呢?
Whose is better? 誰的好一些?
Which is yours? 哪是你的?
2) 表語:
What’s your father? 你父親是干什么的?
Whose is it? 這是誰的?
They are so alike, you can’t tell which is which. 他們是那樣相像,你都分不出誰是誰了。
(3) 賓語:
What do you mean? 你是什么意思?
Which do you prefer? 你愿意要哪一個?
Whose are you going to borrow? 你預(yù)備借誰的?
(4) 定語:
Which train will you take? 你搭哪一班火車?
What time shall we meet again? 我們什么時候再碰頭?
Whose umbrella is this? 這是誰的雨傘?
6、疑問代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,例如:
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰的嗎?
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你說的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。
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