2008年度全國職稱外語等級考試試卷
英語
(衛(wèi)生類B級)

　　第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1--1 5題，每題1分，共15分)
　　下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
　　1. She found me very dull
　　A.dirty
　　B.sleepy
　　C.boring
　　D.lazy
　　2. The President made a brief visit to Beijing
　　A.working
　　B.short
　　C.formal
　　D.secret
　　3. He was persuaded to give up the idea
　　A.mention
　　B.accept
　　C.drop
　　D.consider
　　4. Jack Consumes a pound of cheese a day
　　A.drinks
　　B.eats
　　C.buys
　　D.produces
　　5 Mary just told US a very fascinating story
　　A.strange
　　B.frightening
　　C.interesting
　　D.difficult
　　6. It's a gorgeous day anyway
　　A.cold
　　B.lovely
　　C.normal
　　D.rainy
　　7. Her life is becoming more diverse.
　　A.generous
　　B.humorous
　　C.romantic
　　D.varied
　　8. Foreign military aid was prolonging the war
　　A.broadening
　　B.worsening
　　C.accelerating
　　D.extending
　　9. She was unwilling to go but she had no choice
　　A.unable
　　B.indecisive
　　C.reluctant
　　D.ready
　　10. She is slender，with delicate wrists and ankles
　　A.sick
　　B.weak
　　C.pale
　　D.slim
　　11. With immense relief，I stopped running.
　　A.enormous
　　B.some
　　C.little
　　D.extensive
　　12. The scientists began to accumulate data.
　　A.handle
　　B.collect
　　C.analyze
　　D.investigate
　　13. Jack eventually overtook the last truck.
　　A.passed
　　B.hit
　　C.reached
　　D.led
　　14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance
　　A.possible
　　B.profitable
　　C.wise
　　D.easy
　　15 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.
　　A.mystery
　　B.fact
　　C.statement
　　D.game

　第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
　　下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
　　Survey Finds Many Women Misinformed about Cancer
　　Sixty—three percent of American women think that if there’S no family history of cancer，you’re not likely to develop the disease，a new survey found.
　　In fact，most people who develop cancer have no family history of cancer，according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists(ACOG)(美國婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)師學(xué)會)，which sponsored the survey.
　　“Too many women are dying from cancer，”Dr.Douglas W.Laube，ACOG’S immediate past president，said during a Friday teleconference.“An estimated 200，070women will die in the U.S.this year，and over 600，078 women will be diagnosed with cancer，The results of this survey found a worrisome(令人擔(dān)憂的)gap in women’s know ledge about cancer.”
　　Based on the findings.ACOG is increasing its efforts to educate women about cancer and the need for regular screening tests.
　　Although the survey found many misconceptions(錯(cuò)誤觀念)about cancer，76 percent of women surveyed did say they feel knowledgeable about how they can reduce their risk of the disease.
　　However，only 52 percent said they were doing enough to reduce that risk.And 10 percent said they hadn’t done anything in the past year to lower their risk.Seventeen percent said they wouldn’t change their lifestyles，even if changes would lower their cancer risk.
　　Many women said they were afraid to undergo screening out of fear of finding cancer。Twenty percent said they didn’t want to know if they had cancer.
　　In response to these findings.ACOG will launch on Oct.29 a new website—Protect&Detect：What Women Should Know about Cancer.The guide is designed to help women to take charge of their health and improve their understanding of their risk of cancer—and the lifestyle steps they can take to cut that risk.
　　16. Many American women have a poor knowledge of cancer
　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
　　17. People with no family history of cancer are unlikely to develop cancer
　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
　　18. More women are dying from cancer than men in America
　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
　　19. Most American women know too little about how to lower their cancer risk
　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
　　20. Some American women are just unwilling to change their lifestyles.
　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
　　21. Some American Women are too afraid of finding cancer to undergo screening
　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
　　22. ACOG’s efforts to educate women about cancer will be greatly appreciated.
　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
　　下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1～4段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
　　Depression and the Elderly
　　1 We all feel sad at times.However，clinical depression is a serious matter.Clinical depression，sometimes called major depression，is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one’S thoughts，feelings，behavior，and physical health.When people complain that they feel terrible.they have no interest or take no pleasure ln things，have trouble sleeping.1ack energy，have poor appetite，or cannot concentrate，depression Is a definite possibility.
　　2 Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older.Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes(發(fā)作)of the illness during much of their lives.For others，depression has a first onset(起病)in late life—even for those in their 80s and 90s.Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family.
　　3 Many older people and their families don’t recognize the symptoms of depression, aren’t aware that it is a medical illness，and don’t know how it is treated.
　　Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia(癡呆)。Also，many older people think that depression is a character flaw(缺陷)and are worried about being stigmatized(給…帶來恥辱)，SO they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed(羞恥的)to get help，Others worry that treatment would be too costly.
　　4 Older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the illness.Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non.suicide mortality(死亡率)，The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men.Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population Tragically.many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached 0ut for help---20%see a doctor the day they die，40%the week they die，and 70%in the month they die.Yet depression is frequently missed.
　　23 Paragraph 1--------------
　　24 Paragraph 2--------------
　　25 Paragraph 3--------------
　　26 Paragraph 4--------------
　　A. What are the consequences of untreated depression in older people?
　　B. How common is depression in later life?
　　C. What is depression?
　　D. What relieves depression in older people?
　　E. Why does depression in older people often go untreated?
　　F. Can depression in older people be treated?
　　27. Clinical depression is different from--------------
　　28. Depression in older people is strongly linked with--------------
　　29. Depression is regarded by many older people as--------------
　　30. Many older people commit suicide as a result of--------------
　　A. unrecognized and untreated depression
　　B. a character flaw
　　C. normal sadness and grief
　　D. a definite possibility
　　E. dependency and disability
　　F. a significant risk factor

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
　　第一篇U.S.Life Expectancy Hits New High
　　Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all—time high，with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years，a new federal study finds
　　The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in 1 955，when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old.By 1 995，life expectancy was 75.8 years，and by 2005，it had risen to 77;9 years，according to the report released Wednesday.
　　“This is good news，”said report CO—author Donna Hoyert ，a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics.“It’S even beer news that it is a continuation 0f trends，SO it is a long period of continuing improvement.’’
　　Despite the upward trend，the United States still has a lower life expectancy than some 40 other countries，according to the U.S.Census(人口普查)Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years，followed by Japan，Macau，San Marino and Singapore.
　　Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country—heart disease，cancer and stroke.
　　In addition，in 2005，the U.S.death rate dropped to an all—time low of less than 800deaths per 100,000.
　　Dr.David Katz。director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine，said，“News that life expectancy is increasing is，of course，good.But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U.S.’’
　　Adding years to life is a good thing，Katz said.“But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well，and not just longer，we still have our work cut out for us.”he said.
　　31. Since 1 955, life expectancy rates in the U.S. have
　　A. moved up and down.
　　B. been declining.
　　C. been on the rise.
　　D. remained steady.
　　32. Compared with the country with the longest life expectancy，the U.S. is
　　A. nearly 3 years behind.
　　B. nearly 4 years behind.
　　C. nearly 8 years behind.
　　D. nearly 6 years behind.
　　33.The increase in the U.S. life expectancy is mostly due to
　　A. increasing life expectancy rates in some other countries。
　　B. declining death rates from heart disease.cancer and stroke
　　C. a rise in the rate of chronic disease.
　　D. a declining birth rate.
　　34. Which of the following Statements is NOT true?
　　A. The U.S.1ife expectancy is at a，n all-time high.
　　B. The U.S. death rate was at an all：time low in 2005
　　C. The annual death rate in the U.S. is over 800 deaths per 100,000
　　D. Chronic disease appears to be at an all—time high in the U.S.
　　35. The expression “adding vital life to years” in the last paragraph means
　　A. living well .
　　B. living longer.
　　C. living longer and well .
　　D.living at any cost .

第二篇When Fear Takes Control of the Mind
　　A panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror.Usually it does not last long，but it may feel like forever.The cause can be something as normally uneventful as driving over abridge or flying in an airplane.And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before.A fast heartbeat.Sweaty hands.Difficulty breathing.A dizzy feeling.At first a person may have no idea what is wrong.But these can all be signs of what is known as panic disorder.The first appearance usually is between the ages of 1 8 and 25.In some cases it develops after a tragedy，like the death of a loved one，or some other difficult situation.
　　In the United States，the National Institute of Mental Health says more than two million people are affected in any one—year period.The American Psychological Association says panic disorder is two times more likely in women than men.And it can last anywhere from a few months to a lifetime.
　　Panic attacks can be dangerous—for example，if a person is driving at the time.The Chesapeake Bay Bridge in the state of Maryland is SO long and SO high over the water，it is famous for scaring motorists.There is even a driver assistance program to help people get across.Some people who suffer a panic a~ack develop a phobia(恐懼病)，a deep fear of ever repeating the activity that brought on the attack.
　　But expels say panic disorder Call be treated.Doctors might suggest anti—anxiety or antidepressant(抗抑郁的)medicines.Talking to a counselor could help a person learn to deal with or avoid a panic attack.There are breathing methods，for example，that might help a person calm down.Panic disorder is included among what mental health professionals call anxiety disorders.A study published last week reported a link between anxiety disorders and several physical diseases.It says these include thyroid(甲狀腺的) disease，lung and stomach problems，migraine headaches(偏頭痛)and allergic(過敏的) conditions.Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada say that in most cases the physical condition followed the anxiety disorder.But，they say，exactly how the two are connected remains unknown.
　　36. Which is NOT a possible sign of panic disorder?
　　A. A fast heartbeat.
　　B. Sweaty hands.
　　C .A joyful feeling.
　　D. Difficulty breathing.
　　37. Which is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of panic disorder?
　　A. Driving over a bridge.
　　B. Flying in an airplane.
　　C. Losing a loved one.
　　D. Being between the ages of 1 8 and 25.
　　38. Panic disorder is said to extend from.
　　A. a few months to a lifetime.
　　B. a few months to a few years.
　　C. a few days to a few months.
　　D. a few minutes to a few days.
　　39. Which is NOT a possible treatment for panic disorder?
　　A. Taking anti—anxiety or antidepressant medicines.
　　B. Repeating the activity that brought. OR the attack.
　　C. Talking to a counselor.
　　D. Learning special breathing methods
　　40. Panic disorder is a kind of.
　　A. lung and stomach problem.
　　B. migraine headache.
　　C. anxiety disorde.
　　D. allergic condition.

第三篇A lale of Scottish Rural Life
　　 Lewis Grassic Gibbon’s Sunset Song(1 932)was voted“ the best Scottish novel of all time” by Scotland’S reading public in 2005.Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland’S poor rural farmers，it has been adapted for stage，film，TV and radio in recent decades.
　　 The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie，in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I.At its heart is the story of Chris，who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
　　 Grassic Gibbon gives US the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine(女主人公).We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard‘working father;experience tragedy(her mother’S suicide and murder of her twin children);and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman.We see her marry，lose her husband，then marry again.Chris has seemed SO convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.
　　 But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris.It is truly a novel of a place and its people.Its opening section tells of Kinraddie‘s long history, in a language that imitates the place’S changing patterns of speech and writing.
　　 The story itself is amazingly full of‘characters and incidents.It is told from Chris’s point of view but also from that of the gossiping community,a community where everybody knows everybody else’S business and nothing is ever forgotten.
　　 Sunset Song has a social theme too。It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I.Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this，the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths.In particular，it takes away Chris’S husband，Ewan Tavendale .The war finally kills Ewan，but not in the way his widow is told.In fact，the Germans aren’t responsible for his death.But his own side.He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.
　　 If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead.It is a“Sunset Song”but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie，indeed of the new European world.Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.
　　 41. What is Sunset Song mainly about?
　　 A. The First World War.
　　 B. The beauty of the sunset.
　　 C. The lives of rural Scottish farmers
　　 D. The new European world.
　　 42. Which statement is NOT true of Chris?
　　 A. She is the heroine of Sunset Song
　　 B. She had a miserable childhood.
　　 C. She married only once.
　　 D. She is the creation of a man.
　　 43. What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?
　　 A. The history of Kinraddie.
　　 B. The climate of Kinraddie.
　　 C .The geography of Kinraddie.
　　 D. The language spoken in Kinraddie.
　　 44. Who killed Chris’S husband.Ewan ?
　　 A. The French army.
　　 B. His own troops.
　　 C. The Germans.
　　 D. The Russian soldiers.
　　 45. The word “Sunset” in the title of this novel most probably means
　　 A. the end of the heroine’s life.
　　 B. the end of the story
　　 C. the end of the day.
　　 D. the end of the traditional way of life.

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)
　　下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取白短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
　　Rising Tuition in the US
　　Every Spring，US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year’s budget.They consider faculty salaries，utility costs for dormitories，new building needs and repairs to old ones.They run the numbers and conclude—it seems，inevitably—that，yet again，the cost of tuition must go up.
　　According to the US’s College Board，the price of attending a four-year private university in the US rose 81 percent between 1 993 and 2004 -----------(46)In 2005 and 2006，the numbers continued to rise.
　　According to university officials，college cost increases are simply the result ofbalancing university checkbooks.“Tuition increases at Cedarville University are deter‘mined by our revenue needs for each year,’’said the university’s president，Dr Bill Brown，“Student tuition pays for 78 percent of the university’s operating costs.”Brown’s school is a private university that enrolls about 3，1 00 undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college ranking guides like US News and World Report’s and The Princeton Review’s-----------(47)
　　Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then sent for approval to the school’s board of trustees(董事).---------(48)This board oversees(監(jiān)管)all of a state’s public institutions.
　　John Durham.assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University(ECU)，explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free，Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education.---------(49)State residents attending ECU pay about US$10,000 for tuition room and board before financial aid.
　　Amid the news about continued increases in college costs，however，there is some good news。Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university.To receive financial aid，US students complete a formal application with the federal government.The federal government then decides whether an applicant is eligible(有資格的)for grants or loans--------(50)
　　A. The state government covers the rest.
　　B. The application is then sent to the student’s university，where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much.
　　C. At public universities，however，tuition increases must also be approved by a state education committee，sometimes called the board of governors.
　　D. The school currently charges US$23，410 a year for tuition.
　　E. Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food.
　　F. That’s more than double the rate of inflation.

　第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題j每題1分，共15分)
　　下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
　　Breastfeeding Can Cut Cardiovascular(心血管的)Risk
　　Breastfeeding Can reduce the risk of a heart a attack or stroke later in life and could prevent hundreds of_________ (51)of deaths each year，researchers said on Friday.
　　Babies who are breastfed have fewer childhood infections and allergies(過敏)and are less _________(52)to obesity(肥胖).British scientists have now shown that breastfeeding and slow growth in the first weeks and months of life has a protective effect _________ (53) cardiovascular disease.
　　“Diets that promote more rapid growth put babies at risk many years later in_________ (54)of raising their blood pressure，raising their cholesterol(膽固醇)and increasing their tendency to diabetes(糖尿病)and obesity—the_________ (55)main risk factors for stroke and heart attack，”said Professor Alan Lucas of the Institute of Child Health in London.
　　“Our evidence suggests that the reason why breast-fed babies do better is because they grow more_________ (56)in the early weeks.”
　　Lucas said the effects of breastfeeding on blood pressure and cholesterol later in life are greater than_________ (57)adults can do to control the risk factors for cardiovascular disease，other than taking drugs.
　　An estimated 1 7 million people die of_________ (58)disease，particularly heart attack and strokes，each year，according to the World Health Organization Lucas and his colleagues compared the health of 216 teenagers_________ (59)as babies had either been breastfed or given different nutritional baby formulas.They reported their_________ (60)in The Lancet medical journal.
　　The teenagers who had been_________ (61)had a 14--percent lower ratio of bad to good cholesterol and lower concentrations of a protein that is a marker for cardiovascular disease risk.
　　The researchers also found that，_________ (62)of the child’s right at birth，the faster the infants grew in the early weeks and months of life，the_________ (63)was their later risk of heart disease and stroke，The effect was the_________ (64)for both boys and girls;
　　“The more human milk you have in the newborn period.the lower your cholesterol level is，the lower your blood pressure is 16 years _________ (65)，”Lucas said.
　　51. A.thousands B.hundreds C.millions D.numbers
　　52. A.likely B.possible C.prone D. easy
　　53. A.towards B.against C.onto D.for
　　54. A.words B.cases C.places D.terms
　　55. A.four B.two C.six D.five
　　56. A.quickly B.slowly C.weakly D.obviously
　　57. A.this B.that C.anything D.nothing
　　58. A.rare B. strange C.multiple D.cardiovascular
　　59. A.whom B.who C.what D. which
　　60. A.findings B.ventures C.examples D.decisions
　　61. A.trained Braised C.breastfed D.adopted
　　62. A.fond B.aware C.because D. regardless
　　63. A.greater B.smaller C.faster D.harder
　　64. A.true B. right C.same D.proper
　　65. A.after B.later C.more D.ago