2008年職稱英語真題之衛(wèi)生類B級閱讀理解:
　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。
　　第一篇U．S．Life Expectancy Hits New High
　　Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all—time high，with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years，a new federal study finds
　　The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in 1 955，when the average American lived to be 69．6 years old．By 1 995，life expectancy was 75.8 years，and by 2005，it had risen to 77；9 years，according to the report released Wednesday．
　　“This is good news，”said report CO—author Donna Hoyert ，a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics．“It’S even beer news that it is a continuation 0f trends，SO it is a long period of continuing improvement.’’
　　Despite the upward trend，the United States still has a lower life expectancy than some 40 other countries，according to the U．S．Census(人口普查)Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years，followed by Japan，Macau，San Marino and Singapore．
　　Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country—heart disease，cancer and stroke.
　　In addition，in 2005，the U．S．death rate dropped to an all—time low of less than 800deaths per 100,000.
　　Dr．David Katz。director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine，said，“News that life expectancy is increasing is，of course，good．But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U.S．’’
　　Adding years to life is a good thing，Katz said．“But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well，and not just longer，we still have our work cut out for us.”he said.
　　31. Since 1 955, life expectancy rates in the U.S. have
　　A. moved up and down．
　　B. been declining．
　　C. been on the rise．
　　D. remained steady．
　　32. Compared with the country with the longest life expectancy，the U.S. is
　　A. nearly 3 years behind．
　　B. nearly 4 years behind．
　　C. nearly 8 years behind．
　　D. nearly 6 years behind．
　　33.The increase in the U.S. life expectancy is mostly due to
　　A. increasing life expectancy rates in some other countries。
　　B. declining death rates from heart disease．cancer and stroke
　　C. a rise in the rate of chronic disease．
　　D. a declining birth rate．
　　34. Which of the following Statements is NOT true?
　　A. The U.S.1ife expectancy is at a，n all-time high.
　　B. The U.S. death rate was at an all：time low in 2005
　　C. The annual death rate in the U.S. is over 800 deaths per 100,000
　　D. Chronic disease appears to be at an all—time high in the U.S.
　　35. The expression “adding vital life to years” in the last paragraph means
　　A. living well .
　　B. living longer．
　　C. living longer and well .
　　D.living at any cost .

第二篇When Fear Takes Control of the Mind
　　A panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror．Usually it does not last long，but it may feel like forever．The cause can be something as normally uneventful as driving over abridge or flying in an airplane．And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before．A fast heartbeat．Sweaty hands．Difficulty breathing．A dizzy feeling．At first a person may have no idea what is wrong．But these can all be signs of what is known as panic disorder．The first appearance usually is between the ages of 1 8 and 25．In some cases it develops after a tragedy，like the death of a loved one，or some other difficult situation．
　　In the United States，the National Institute of Mental Health says more than two million people are affected in any one—year period．The American Psychological Association says panic disorder is two times more likely in women than men．And it can last anywhere from a few months to a lifetime．
　　Panic attacks can be dangerous—for example，if a person is driving at the time．The Chesapeake Bay Bridge in the state of Maryland is SO long and SO high over the water，it is famous for scaring motorists．There is even a driver assistance program to help people get across．Some people who suffer a panic a~ack develop a phobia(恐懼病)，a deep fear of ever repeating the activity that brought on the attack．
　　But expels say panic disorder Call be treated．Doctors might suggest anti—anxiety or antidepressant(抗抑郁的)medicines．Talking to a counselor could help a person learn to deal with or avoid a panic attack．There are breathing methods，for example，that might help a person calm down．Panic disorder is included among what mental health professionals call anxiety disorders．A study published last week reported a link between anxiety disorders and several physical diseases．It says these include thyroid(甲狀腺的) disease，lung and stomach problems，migraine headaches(偏頭痛)and allergic(過敏的) conditions．Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada say that in most cases the physical condition followed the anxiety disorder．But，they say，exactly how the two are connected remains unknown.
　　36. Which is NOT a possible sign of panic disorder?
　　A. A fast heartbeat．
　　B. Sweaty hands．
　　C .A joyful feeling．
　　D. Difficulty breathing．
　　37. Which is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of panic disorder?
　　A. Driving over a bridge．
　　B. Flying in an airplane．
　　C. Losing a loved one．
　　D. Being between the ages of 1 8 and 25．
　　38. Panic disorder is said to extend from.
　　A. a few months to a lifetime．
　　B. a few months to a few years．
　　C. a few days to a few months．
　　D. a few minutes to a few days．
　　39. Which is NOT a possible treatment for panic disorder?
　　A. Taking anti—anxiety or antidepressant medicines．
　　B. Repeating the activity that brought. OR the attack．
　　C. Talking to a counselor．
　　D. Learning special breathing methods
　　40. Panic disorder is a kind of.
　　A. lung and stomach problem.
　　B. migraine headache．
　　C. anxiety disorder．
　　D. allergic condition．

第三篇A 1-ale of Scottish Rural Life
　　Lewis Grassic Gibbon’s Sunset Song(1 932)was voted“ the best Scottish novel of all time” by Scotland’S reading public in 2005．Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland’S poor rural farmers，it has been adapted for stage，film，TV and radio in recent decades．
　　The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie，in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I．At its heart is the story of Chris，who is both part of the community and a little outside it．
　　Grassic Gibbon gives US the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine(女主人公)．We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard‘working father；experience tragedy(her mother’S suicide and murder of her twin children)；and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman．We see her marry，lose her husband，then marry again．Chris has seemed SO convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man．
　　But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris．It is truly a novel of a place and its people．Its opening section tells of Kinraddie‘s long history, in a language that imitates the place’S changing patterns of speech and writing．
　　The story itself is amazingly full of‘characters and incidents．It is told from Chris’s point of view but also from that of the gossiping community,a community where everybody knows everybody else’S business and nothing is ever forgotten．
　　Sunset Song has a social theme too。It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I．Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war． Despite this，the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths．In particular，it takes away Chris’S husband，Ewan Tavendale ．The war finally kills Ewan，but not in the way his widow is told．In fact，the Germans aren’t responsible for his death．But his own side．He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle．
　　If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead．It is a“Sunset Song”but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie，indeed of the new European world．Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story．
　　41. What is Sunset Song mainly about?
　　A. The First World War.
　　B. The beauty of the sunset.
　　C. The lives of rural Scottish farmers
　　D. The new European world．
　　42. Which statement is NOT true of Chris?
　　A. She is the heroine of Sunset Song
　　B. She had a miserable childhood．
　　C. She married only once．
　　D. She is the creation of a man．
　　43. What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?
　　A. The history of Kinraddie．
　　B. The climate of Kinraddie.
　　C .The geography of Kinraddie．
　　D. The language spoken in Kinraddie．
　　44. Who killed Chris’S husband．Ewan ?
　　A. The French army．
　　B. His own troops．
　　C. The Germans．
　　D. The Russian soldiers．
　　45. The word “Sunset” in the title of this novel most probably means
　　A. the end of the heroine’s life．
　　B. the end of the story。
　　C. the end of the day．
　　D. the end of the traditional way of life．