2008年職稱英語真題之衛(wèi)生類C級閱讀理解:
　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。
　　(對不起，第一篇暫缺)
　　第二篇 Stop Eating Too Much
　　“Clean your plate!” and “Be a member of the clean—plate club!” Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent。Often，it's accompanied by an appeal：“Just think about those starving orphans(孤兒)in Africa T”Sure，we should be grateful for。every bite of food．Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites．Instead of staying“clean the．plate”，perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
　　According to news reports，US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies(肚子)．A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government，according to a USA Today story．Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that．They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
　　Barbara Rolls，a nutrition(營養(yǎng))professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1 970s，the same time that the American waistline(腰圍)began to expand．
　　Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now，apparently，some customers are cal¨n白for‘this“too．The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4，000 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large；23 percent had no opinion；20percent disagreed．But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions．Seventy percent of those earning at least $1 50，000 per year prefer smaller portions；but only 45 percent of those earning less than$25，000 want smaller．
　　It's not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy．It's just that，after long hours at low—paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal．They live from paycheck(薪金支票)to paycheck，happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents．
　　36. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children
　　A. to save food for tomorrow．
　　B. to wash the dishes
　　C. not to eat too much.
　　D. not to waste food．
　　37. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?
　　A Because Americans have big bellies.
　　B Because Americans associate quantity with value。
　　C Because Americans are good eaters.
　　D Because Americans are too weak.
　　38. What happened in the 1970s?
　　A The US government called on its people to reduce their weight．
　　B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions．
　　C The American waistline started to expand．
　　D The United States produced more grain than needed．
　　39. What does the survey indicate?
　　A Twenty percent of Americans want smaller portions．
　　B Many low-income Americans want large portions．
　　C Fifty--seven percent of Americans want large portions．
　　D Forty--five percent of Americans want smaller portions.
　　40. Which of the following is NOT true 0f working class Americans?
　　A. They work long hours.
　　B. They live from paycheck to paycheck．
　　C. They want to save money for presents．
　　D. They don’t want to be healthy eaters.

第三篇 U.S. Life Expectancy Hits New High
　　Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all—time high，with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years，a new federal study finds．
　　The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in1955．when the average American lived to be 59.6 years old．By 1995，life expectancy was 75.8 years，and by 2005，it had risen to 77.9 years，according to the report released Wednesday．
　　“This is good news，”said report co—author Donna Hoyert，a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics．“It’s even better news that it is a continuation of trends，so it is a long period of continuing improvement．”
　　Despite the upward trend，the United States still has a lower life expectancy than some 40 other countries，according to the U.S. Census(人口普查)Bureau．the country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years，followed by Japan，Macau，San Marino and Singapore．
　　Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country—heart disease．6an'ceF arid stroke．
　　In addition，in 2005，the U．S．death rate dropped to an all—time low of less than 800 deaths per 1 00,000．
　　Dr．David Katz，director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine，said，“News that life expectancy is increasing is，of course，good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U.S.”
　　Adding years to life is a good thing，Katz said.“But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well，and not just longer，we still have our work cut out for U.S.” he said.
　　41. Since 1955，life expectancy rates in the U.S. have
　　A. moved up and down．
　　B. been declining．
　　C. been on the rise．
　　D. remained steady.
　　42. Compared with the county with the longest life expectancy, the U.S. is
　　A. nearly 3 years behind．
　　B. nearly 4 years behind．
　　C. nearly 8 years behind.
　　D. nearly 6 years behind．
　　43. The increase in the U.S. 1ife expectancy is mostly due to
　　A. increasing life expectancy rates in some other countries．
　　B. declining death rates from heart disease．cancer and stroke．
　　C. a rise in the rate of chronic disease．
　　D. a declining birth rate．
　　44. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
　　A. The U.S. 1ife expectancy is at an all—time high.
　　B. The U.S. death rate was at an all—time IOW in 2005．
　　C. The annual death rate in the U.S. is over 800 deaths per 1 00,000．
　　D. Chronic disease appears to be at an all—time high in the U.S.
　　45 The expression “adding vital life f0 years” in the last paragraph means.
　　A living well．
　　B living longer .
　　C. living longer and well .
　　D. living at any cost .