Part ⅠStructure and Vocabulary(每題0.5分，共20分)
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979.
［A］from［B］after［C］for［D］since
The sentence should read, I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose ［D］.
Sample Answer
［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
1、I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time [] the last bus.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查非謂語動詞的用法區(qū)別。HARDLY HAVE TIME TO DO 需用不定式，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞。［A］項表示動作在主句動作之前發(fā)生，因此，也不對。
［A］to have caught
［B］to catch
［C］catching
［D］having caught
2、As it turned out to be a small house party,we [] so formally.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查情態(tài)動詞NEED的否定用法。NEEDNT 后面加完成時態(tài)，表示沒有必要那樣做，但又已做了某事。
［A］neednt dress up
［B］did not need have dressed up
［C］did not need dress up
［D］neednt have dressed up
3、I apologize if I [] you,but I assure you it was unintentional.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查虛擬語氣的用法。IF 后面是虛擬語氣，表示“如果我冒犯了你，我向你表示道歉”。
［A］offend
［B］had offended
［C］should have offended
［D］might have offended
4、Although a teenager,Fred could resist [] what to do and what not to do.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題測試動名詞的用法。RESIST 后面需要用動名詞。
［A］to be told
［B］having been told
［C］being told
［D］to have been told
5、Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage [] avoided.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查時態(tài)的表達問題。以IF 和 WHEN 開始的從句中，表示將來動作需用一般時態(tài)。BE TO DO 結(jié)構(gòu)指將要發(fā)生的動作。
［A］is to be
［B］can be
［C］will be
［D］has been
6、Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true [] it comes to classroom tests.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查連詞的用法。WHEN IT COMES TO 是一個常用句型，表示“當(dāng)談到，涉及到”。
［A］before
［B］as
［C］since
［D］when
7、There are over 100 night schools in the city,making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter [] he does.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題仍是考查連詞的用法。動詞DOES后面沒有賓語，所以在NO MATTER之后需用連接代詞WHAT.
［A］how
［B］where
［C］what
［D］when
8、Ive kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school [] twenty years ago.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查介詞的用法。在這里常用介詞WITH，可將該句看成I WAS WITH A GIRL AT SCHOOL TWENTY YEARS AGO。
［A］about
［B］since
［C］till
［D］with
9、He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,[] insufficiently popular with all members.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查非謂語動詞的用法區(qū)別�，F(xiàn)在分詞短語BEING CONSIDERED作該句狀語，表示原因。意思是“考慮到其他成員不喜歡他”。
［A］being considered
［B］considering
［C］to be considered
［D］have considered
10、[] for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查虛擬語氣條件句的省略式。該句是倒裝形式的虛擬語氣，從句的動作表示與過去的事實相反，所以需用HAD NOT BEEN的動詞形式。
［A］Had it not been
［B］Were it not
［C］Be it not
［D］Should it not be
Section B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)
Example:
A number of［A］ foreign visitors were taken［B］ to the industrial exhibition, which［C］ they saw［D］ many new products. Answer ［C］ is wrong. The sentence should read, A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
11、According to Darwin,random changes that enhance a (species')［A］ability (for surviving) ［B］ (are) ［C］naturally selected and passed on (to succeeding) ［D］ generations.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查不定式的用法知識。FOR SURVIVING改為TO SURVIVE。名詞ABILITY后面通常用不定式作定語。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
12、Neither rain nor snow (keeps) ［A］ the postman from delivering our letters (which) ［B］ we (so much) ［C］ look forward to (receive).［D］
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查動名詞的用法知識。TO RECEIVE改為TO RECEIVING。LOOK FORWARD TO后面要用動名詞。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
13、If they (will not accept) ［A］ a check, we (shall have) ［B］ to pay (the cash,)［C］thought it (would be) ［D］ much trouble for both sides.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查冠詞的用法。THE CASH改為CASH,去掉THE。CASH指“現(xiàn)金”，此處不用加冠詞。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
14、(Having been) ［A］ robbed (off) ［B］economic importance,those states are (not) ［C］likely to count for (very much) ［D］ in international political terms.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查ROB SB. OF STH. 這一固定搭配。OFF改為OF。ROB…OF是固定搭配。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
15、The message (will be)［A］(that) ［B］ neither the market nor the government is capable of dealing with all of (their) ［C］ uncontrollable (practices.)［D］
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查代詞所指代的對象之間的形式一致問題。THEIR改為ITS。指“市場”或“政府”之中的一個，用單數(shù)。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
16、The logic of scientific development is (such) ［A］ that (separates) ［B］ groups of men working (on) ［C］the same problem in (farscattered) ［D］ laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查考生長句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析、句意理解能力。SEPARATES改為SEPARATE。這里的SEPARATE是形容詞，表示“各級”。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
17、Yet not all of these races are (intellectual inferior to) ［A］ the European races,(and)［B］ some may even have (a)［C］freshness and vitality that can renew the (energies) ［D］ of more advanced races.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查詞性的正確用法。INTELLECTUAL改為INTELLECTUALLY。修飾形容詞需用副詞。INFERIOR是形容詞。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
18、(The) ［A］ more than 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of various nations today are (more than) ［B］ ample (destroying) ［C］ every city in the world several times (over).［D］
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查不定式的用法。DESTROYING改為TO DESTROY。AMPLE是形容詞，表示“足夠，足以”，后面用不定式。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
19、The universe works in a way so far (remove) ［A］ from what common sense (would) ［B］ allow (that) ［C］ words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to explain (it) ［D］.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查過去分詞的用法知識。REMOVE改為REMOVING。應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞，修飾WAY。意思是“與通常概念所允許的……完全不同的方式運行”。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
20、The integration of independent be states (could best be)［A］ brought about by (first) ［B］creating a central organization with (authorities) ［C］ over (technical) ［D］ economic tasks.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查名詞的數(shù)。AUTHORITIES改為AUTHORITY。該詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示“當(dāng)局”，單數(shù)則指“權(quán)威，權(quán)力”。
Section C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read, The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
21、The machine needs a complete [] since it has been in use for over ten years.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查詞義的辨析。MENDING 是“修理”。［A］ AMENDING 是“修改，改善”；［B］ FITTING 是“安裝”；［D］ RENOVATING 是“更新，修復(fù)”。
［A］ amending
［B］ fitting
［C］ mending
［D］ renovating
22、 There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a [] of him.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查搭配使用知識。CATCH A GLIMPSE OF 是“一眼看見”。［A］ GLANCE 是“一瞥”，后面用 AT；［C］ LOOK 與前面的 CAUGHT 不是搭配關(guān)系。［D］ SIGHT 和動詞的塔配用法是 CATCH SIGHT OF，之間沒有 A。
［A］ glance
［B］ glimpse
［C］ look
［D］ sight
23、 I dont think its wise of you to [] your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查動詞短語知識。SHOW OFF 是“炫耀，賣弄”。［A］ SHOW UP 是“使露出”；［B］ SHOW OUT 是“送出”；［C］ SHOW IN 是“領(lǐng)入”。
［A］ show up
［B］ show out
［C］ show in
［D］ show off
24、The returns in the short [] may be small, but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查固定搭配知識。IN THE SHORT TERM 是“短期內(nèi)”。［A］ INTERVAL 是“間隔，間歇”；［B］ RANGE 是“范圍，幅度”；［C］ SPAN 是“一段時間”，后面用 OF。
［A］ interval
［B］ range
［C］ span
［D］ term
25、 A thorough study of biology requires [] with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查詞匯的搭配使用知識。FAMILIARITY 是“熟悉，通曉”。［A］ ACQUISITION “獲得，得到”；［B］ DISCRIMINATION 是“區(qū)別，歧視”；［C］ CURIOSITY 是“好奇”。
［A］ acquisition
［B］ discrimination
［C］ curiosity
［D］ familiarity
26、She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would [] her long effort.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查考生對詞形相近的詞的詞義辨析能力。JUSTIFY 是“證明是……值得的”。［B］ TESTIFY 是“作證”；［C］ RECTIFY 是“糾正，校正”；［D］ VERIFY 是“證實”。
［A］ justify
［B］ testify
［C］ rectify
［D］ verify
27、Im very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to [] my debt in return for certain services.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查動詞短語使用知識。WRITE OFF 是“取消，勾銷”。［A］ TAKE AWAY 是“拿走，奪走”；B) CUT OUT 是“切掉，割掉”。［D］ 是“清算”。
［A］ take away
［B］ cut out
［C］ write off
［D］ clear up
28、Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great [].
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查詞義辨析。SENSATION 是“轟動”。［A］ EXPLOSION 是“爆炸”；［C］ EXAGGERATION 是“夸大”；［D］ STIMULATION 是“刺激，鼓舞”。
［A］ explosion
［B］ sensation
［C］ exaggeration
［D］ stimulation
29、According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post [] no responsibility with it at all?
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查詞匯搭配。CARRY RESPONSIBILITY 是“負責(zé)任”。 SHOULDER 和 POSSESS 需要的主語通常是人；SHARE 需兩人以上。所以［A］ ［B］ 和 ［D］ 項都不對。
［A］ shoulders
［B］ possesses
［C］ carries
［D］ shares
30、Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his [] to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查詞匯搭配知識。REACTION TO 是“對……反應(yīng)”。COMMENT 需用介詞 ON; IMPRESSION 應(yīng)用于介詞 OF; COMPREHENSION 是“理解”。
［A］ comment
［B］ reaction
［C］ impression
［D］ comprehension
31、Please [] yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查固定搭配。RESTRAIN FROM 是“克制，抑制”。［B］ HINDER 是“妨礙，阻礙”；［C］ RESTRICT 是“限制”；［D］ PROHIBIT 是“禁止”。
［A］ restrain
［B］ hinder
［C］ restrict
［D］ prohibit
32、Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of [] every business operation in the whole country.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查副詞的用法辨析。PRACTICALLY 是“幾乎”。［B］ PREFERABLY 是“更可取地”；［C］ PRECISELY 是“精確地”；［D］ PRESUMABLY 是“可能地”。
［A］ practically
［B］ preferably
［C］ precisely
［D］ presumably
33、Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around ＄ 110 billion, [] the ＄ 160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查介詞短語的用法。IN CONTRAST TO 是“與……成對比”。［A］ IN PROPORTION TO 是“與……成比例”；［B］ IN REPLY TO 是“回復(fù)，答復(fù)”；［C］ IN RELATION TO 是“有關(guān)”。
［A］ in proportion to
［B］ in reply to
［C］ in relation to
［D］ in contrast to
34、He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will [] at the end of this month.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查詞義辨析。EXPIRE 是“滿期，到期”。［B］ EXCEED 是“超越”；［C］ TERMINATE 是“(一種行為)終止”；［D］ CEASE 是“停止”。
［A］ expire
［B］ exceed
［C］ terminate
［D］ cease
35、All the offshore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read [] letters from their families.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查詞義辨析。AFFECTIONATE 是“摯愛的”。［A］ SENTIMENTAL 是“情緒的”；［C］ INTIMATE “親密的”；［D］ SENSITIVE 是“敏感的”。
［A］ sentimental
［B］ affectionate
［C］ intimate
［D］ sensitive
36、Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to [], or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查詞義辨析。REVERSE 是“使……倒轉(zhuǎn)，使……反向”。［A］ REVOLT 是“反叛”；［B］ REVOLVE 是“旋轉(zhuǎn)”；［D］ REVIVE 是“復(fù)興”。
［A］ revolt
［B］ revolve
［C］ reverse
［D］ revive
37、I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite [].
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查詞義辨析。ARBITRARY 是“任意的，武斷的”。［B］ RATIONAL 是合理的；［C］ MECHANICAL 是“機械的”；［D］ UNPREDICTABLE 是“不可預(yù)測的”。
［A］ arbitrary
［B］ rational
［C］ mechanical
［D］ unpredictable
38、The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer [] according to the weather.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查詞義辨析。FLUCTUATED 是“波動”。［A］ ALTERED 是“改動，變更”；［B］ CONVERTED 是“轉(zhuǎn)變”；［D］ MODIFIED 是“修改”。
［A］ altered
［B］ converted
［C］ fluctuated
［D］ modified
39、The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not [] their prospect of promotion.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查詞義辨析。FURTHER 是“促進，推進”。［A］ SPUR “刺激”；［C］ INDUCE 是“引誘，勸使”；［D］ REINFORCE 是“加強”。
［A］ spur
［B］ further
［C］ induce
［D］ reinforce
40、In what [] to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查考生對詞義的深刻把握。AMOUNT TO 是“等于”。［A］ APPLY TO 是“使用”；［B］ ACCOUNT 是“說明，帳目”；［C］ ATTACH TO 是“附屬于”。
［A］ applies
［B］ accounts
［C］ attaches
［D］ amounts
Part ⅡCloze Test(每題1分，共10分)Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They (41)[] that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the (42)[] man.But they insisted that its (43)[] results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the (44)[] of the English population.(45)[] contrast,they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750,when England was still a (46)[] agricultural country,a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view,(47)[] is generally thought to be wrong.Specialists (48)[] history and economics,have (49)[] two things:that the period from 1650 to 1750 was (50)[] by great poverty,and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
41、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查考生利用上下文句義關(guān)系選擇做題的能力。第一句為主題句，定下了文章的基調(diào)：直到不久前，大多數(shù)歷史學(xué)家對工業(yè)革命都持嚴厲批評的態(tài)度。由于第二句話THAT從句的內(nèi)容與他們的觀點正好矛盾，講的是工業(yè)革命帶給人們的好處，所以BELIEVE與CLAIM不能選。PREDICT也不對，因為已是既定事實。而ADMIT表示對客觀事實的承認，盡管客觀上并不一定愿意贊成，用在這里正好符合題意。
［A］admitted
［B］believed
［C］claimed
［D］predicted
42、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查詞義的辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知這里指的是廣大的人民群眾，是普通的老百姓。AVERAGE意為“平均的，普通的”，符合題意。其他三個選項在此不通。PLAIN意為“樸素的，簡樸的”；MEAN作形容詞時，意思是“吝嗇的，小氣的”；NORMAL意為“正常的，沒有殘疾的”。
［A］plain
［B］average
［C］mean
［D］normal
43、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查考生利用上下文確定選項的能力�！霸陔S后的100年間，大多數(shù)英國人過著貧窮、痛苦的生活”。這是工業(yè)革命帶來的結(jié)果。這種結(jié)果是MOMENTARY(短暫的)、PROMPT(迅速的)、INSTANT(迅速的)、還是IMMEDIATE(直接的)?由于這段時間長達百年，顯然前面三個詞都是不合適的。
［A］momentary
［B］prompt
［C］instant
［D］immediate
44、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查詞匯搭配使用知識。THE BULK OF STH./SB. 某事/某些人中的主要部分；HOST也可表示大量，但有關(guān)的短語是A HOST OF,而不是THE HOST OF;GROSS指“總量、總額”，如GNP (GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTION，國民生產(chǎn)總值)，GROSS WEIGHT(毛重)；MAGNITUDE通常指體積、規(guī)模的大。
［A］bulk
［B］host
［C］gross
［D］magnitude
45、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查詞義辨析。BY CONTRAST是固定詞組，意為“相比之下”。
［A］On
［B］With
［C］For
［D］By
46、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查詞義辨析。BROADLY廣泛地；THOROUGHLY徹底地；GENERALLY普遍地；COMPLETELY完全地�！�英國還完全是一個農(nóng)業(yè)國”�！�英國還是一個徹頭徹尾的農(nóng)業(yè)國”。THOROUGHLY 與COMPLETELY似乎都可以，但COMPLETELY的使用更普遍些，它更能強調(diào)廣義上的全面性。
［A］broadly
［B］thoroughly
［C］generally
［D］completely
47、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查連詞用法。第一段的大意是說歷史學(xué)家向來對工業(yè)革命持批評態(tài)度；第二段說他們的觀點是錯誤的。兩段之間存在意思上的轉(zhuǎn)折，所以應(yīng)選HOWEVER。MEANWHILE和MOREOVER表遞進，THEREFORE表因果，都不對。
［A］however
［B］meanwhile
［C］therefore
［D］moreover
48、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題實質(zhì)上考查詞匯搭配知識。SPECIALIZE IN(以…為專業(yè)，專攻/專營…)為固定搭配。SPECIALIST意為專家，是與SPECIALIZE對應(yīng)的名詞形式。
［A］at
［B］in
［C］about
［D］for
49、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查詞匯用法辨析。要證明第二段第一句話，歷史學(xué)家、經(jīng)濟學(xué)家必須拿出證據(jù)來。結(jié)果他們指出了(SHOWN)兩點。另外幾個詞都不符合要求：MANIFEST表明，顯示(其主語必須是事物而非人)；APPROVE批準(與題意無關(guān))；SPECULATE思索、推測(不及物動詞，須與ON連用)。
［A］manifested
［B］approved
［C］shown
［D］speculated
50、
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查詞匯搭配使用知識。NOTE作動詞時，通常用在BE NOTED FOR(因…而著名)中；IMPRESSED指給人留下印象；LABEL指給物品貼標簽，或?qū)ⅰ暈椤臉酥�；MARK的意思與LABEL的第二層意思近似，意為“為…的特征”或“標志”。但二者用法不一樣，例如：LABEL SB. AS A DEMAGOGUE(視某人為煽動家)；WHAT ARE QUALITIES THAT MARK A GREAT LEADER?(偉大領(lǐng)袖的特質(zhì)是什么?) HIS DEATH MARKED THE END OF AN ERA.他的去世標志著一個時代的結(jié)束。
［A］noted
［B］impressed
［C］labeled
［D］marked
Part ⅢReading Comprehension(每題2分，共40分)Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)
單項選擇題
Passage1
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.But to be fascinated is also,sometimes,to be blind.Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesnt help that building a big,powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypts leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam.Turkeys bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
But big dams tend not to work as intended.The Aswan Dam,for example,stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left—all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
And yet ,the myth of controlling the waters persists.This week,in the heart of civilized Europe,Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the stoops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams.But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs,and now needs a dam to prove itself.
Meanwhile,in India,the World Bank has given the goahead to the even more wrongheaded Narmada Dam.And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction.The benefits are for the powerful,but they are far from guaranteed.
Proper,scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.But when you are dealing with myths,it is hard to be either proper,or scientific.It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan.You dont need a dam to be saved.
51、The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題實為一道句意題。第一段第一句是本段及全文的主題句。其意思是：先進技術(shù)所帶來的發(fā)明中，幾乎沒有哪一個能像巨型水壩那樣讓人產(chǎn)生無邊的聯(lián)想。但是，人類在建造大壩時，有時顯得很盲目，因為有些大壩帶給人類的災(zāi)難超過了它們帶來了的福祉。所以第三句中的BLIND意為“盲目”(而絕不是“盲人”)，即他們忽視了一些很重要的事情，盡管并不是有意的。所以只有［C］正確。
［A］people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
［B］the blind could be happier than the sighted
［C］overexcited people tend to neglect vital things
［D］fascination makes people lose their eyesight
52、In paragraph 5,“the powerless” probably refers to [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題是一道指代題。THE+形容詞，指一類人，如THE DEAD(死者)，THE EDUCATED(受過教育的人)。那么，THE POWERLESS應(yīng)該指沒有權(quán)勢的人，即平民百姓。此外，由于前面的詞是HARDSHIP FOR,HARDSHIP(艱難困苦)向來是人經(jīng)受的，所以［A］、［B］、［C］都不對。
［A］areas short of electricity
［B］dams without power stations
［C］poor countries around India
［D］common people in the Narmada Dam area
53、What is the myth concerning giant dams?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題�！坝嘘P(guān)大壩的神話是什么?”第一段的第二句指出了“神話”(MYTH)的內(nèi)容，即：由于人類經(jīng)受洪澇、旱災(zāi)的危害，使得控制河水為民造福的想法令人不勝神往。第四段第一句也明確指出THE MYTH OF CONTROLLING WATER。所以應(yīng)選［D］。
［A］They bring in more fertile soil.
［B］They help defend the country.
［C］They strengthen international ties.
［D］They have universal control of the waters.
54、What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題實際上是要求考生選擇一個諺語來概括文章作者的主旨。四個選項都是諺語。其意思分別為：［A］覆水難收。［B］欲速則不達。［C］三思而后行。［D］誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。文章最后一段表達了作者的觀點：世界各國應(yīng)從阿斯旺水壩的例子中汲取經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)。對建壩所涉及的種種因素做全面的科學(xué)調(diào)查、論證，切忌盲目行動。［C］項是最合適的。
譯文 解讀 重大技術(shù)的創(chuàng)造中幾乎沒有哪個比巨型大壩更令人心馳神往。也許正是由于人類長期聽任旱澇之災(zāi)的擺布才使得讓洪水聽從人的調(diào)遣這種理想如此令人癡迷。但使人癡迷有時也就使人盲目。有幾個巨型大壩項目頗有弊大于利的態(tài)勢。 這是一篇議論文。
第一段指出對大壩過于著迷是很盲目的。 修建大壩的教訓(xùn)是，大的并不總是美的。建一個功能強大的大水壩標志著國家和人民在努力顯示自身力量已取得了成就，但卻無助于國家和人民。埃及在阿拉伯世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位因阿斯旺大壩得以鞏固和加強；土耳其在其急取躋身于第一世界的努力中也包括建造阿塔特克大壩。 第二段指出人們渴望通過修建大壩來控制洪水，并以此來象征一個國家和民族取得的成就，體現(xiàn)一個國家和民族的獨立性。 但大壩不會像預(yù)期的那樣發(fā)揮功效。以阿斯旺大壩為例，它擋住了尼羅河的洪水，但也使埃及失運河了洪水沖擊過后留下的肥沃土壤，換回來的卻是一個病態(tài)的水庫�，F(xiàn)在水庫積滿泥沙，幾乎發(fā)不出電來。
然而，制服洪水的神話還在繼續(xù)傳播。本周，在文明歐洲的中心地區(qū)，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人為在多瑙河建壩發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，差一點兒就要調(diào)兵遣將了。在這一大型工程上，可能會出現(xiàn)大壩上所有的常見問題。但是，斯洛伐克人正在鬧獨立，要脫離捷克，他們需要建大壩來證明自己實力。
與此同時，印度在納爾馬克河大壩上的問題就更多了，但世界銀行已貸款給印度。盡管世界銀行的顧問說，該大壩會給那里的平民百姓帶來苦難，而且會破壞那里的環(huán)境，但是，世界銀行仍一意孤行。大壩只會給有權(quán)有勢者帶來收益，但卻根本沒有保障。 第三、四、五段舉例指出修建大壩的結(jié)果往往有違于人們的初衷。盡管如此，人們想通過修建大壩來控制水的神話依然存在。 對建壩造成的危害以及對治水的耗資和收益進行合理科學(xué)的研究，有助于解決這些矛盾。搞水利發(fā)電、治洪，以及灌溉并不一定非要建巨型大壩。但如果你相信神話，就難以做到合理或科學(xué)。現(xiàn)在，是世界各國從阿斯旺大壩的失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)的時候了，人們并不需要大水壩來拯救自己。 第六段指出世人應(yīng)吸取教訓(xùn)，不要盲目建壩，應(yīng)三思而后行。
［A］“Its no use crying over spilt milk”
［B］“More haste,less speed”
［C］“Look before you leap”
［D］“He who laughs last laughs best”
Passage2
Well,no gain without pain,they say.But what about pain without gain?Everywhere you go in America,you hear tales of corporate revival.What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging.They show that,if you lump manufacturing and services together,productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987.That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade.And since 1991,productivity has increased by about 2% a year,which is more than twice the 1978-87 average.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle,and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.There is,as Robert Rubin,the treasury secretary,says,a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
Some of this can be easily explained.New ways of organizing the workplace—all that reengineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy,which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery,new technology,and investment in education and training. Moreover,most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable,and this need not always mean increasing productivity:switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
Two other explanations are more speculative.First,some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second,even if it was well done,it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger,a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bon Pain,a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes,says that much “reengineering” has been crude.In many cases,he believes,the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost.His colleague,Michael Beer,says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion,chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to longterm profitability.BBDOs Al Rosenshine is blunter.He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulancecashing.”
55、According to the author,the American economic situation is [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道作者觀點題。從第二段中可找到本題的答案。第一句指出：官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字有些令人沮喪。第五句指出：令人感到困擾的是，近期增長的部分原因是目前正處于經(jīng)濟周期中的正常反彈階段，因此不足以證明這種趨勢的背后存在著經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的跡象。由此看來，［A］最貼切。
［A］not as good as it seems
［B］at its turning point
［C］much better than it seems
［D］near to complete recovery
56、The official statistics on productivity growth [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題。此題判斷的根據(jù)在第二段最一句：大幅度提高生產(chǎn)力的大規(guī)模經(jīng)營，與官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所反映的情景，這兩者之間沒什么關(guān)系。意即前面這種愿望，并沒有在后面的數(shù)字中反映出來，因此可理解為沒有達到預(yù)期的效果。
［A］exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
［B］fall short of businessmens anticipation
［C］meet the expectation of business people
［D］fail to reflect the true state of economy
57、The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?” because [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題。作者在第一段第二句提出這一問題后，在第三句便提出了懷疑：這場生產(chǎn)革命是否真能有什么效果?第二段中得出的結(jié)論并不樂觀，因此他認為答案是否定的。這與［B］項的意思一致。
［A］he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”
［B］he does not think the productivity revolution works
［C］he wonders if the official statistics are misleading
［D］he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
58、Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道是非判斷題，應(yīng)用排除法來做。利用排除法。［B］在第三段第一句提及；［C］在最后一段第二句提及；［D］在最后一段最后一句提及。
譯文 解讀 人們常說，不勞無獲。然而，如果勞而無獲呢?不管你走在美國的什么地方，你都可能聽到關(guān)于公司復(fù)蘇的故事。但是，很難確定的是商家自己認為他們?yōu)樘岣呱a(chǎn)效益而進行的這場革命是否真的名副其實。 這是一篇議論文。
第一段指出商人們對所謂的生產(chǎn)力革命的真實性還持懷疑態(tài)度。 官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字多少看來有些令人沮喪。數(shù)據(jù)表明，把制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)如果合在一起，那么自1987年以來，生產(chǎn)率平均每年上升1.2%，這比前十年的平均增長指數(shù)要快。自1991年以來，生產(chǎn)率每年上升大約2%，這是1978～1987年度平均數(shù)的兩倍多。令人很困惑的是近年來出現(xiàn)的增長，一定程度上是因為在每個商業(yè)周期運作中出現(xiàn)了常見的反彈所造成的。因此，還不能以此作為結(jié)論性的證據(jù)來證明在這種趨勢的背后呈現(xiàn)出經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的態(tài)勢。正如財政部長羅伯特·魯賓所說，商業(yè)界大量的神話說生產(chǎn)率大幅度提高了，但這與官方統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所顯示的情況并不相吻合。 第二段指出官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字也并不樂觀，有關(guān)生產(chǎn)力增長的傳聞和統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在差異。 有些是很容易解釋的。組織工廠車間的新辦法——包括機構(gòu)重組和縮小規(guī)�！皇谴龠M某一經(jīng)濟體的綜合生產(chǎn)率水平的一個措施，還有其他許多因素來刺激生產(chǎn)率的提高。例如，對機械設(shè)備的聯(lián)合投資，采用新技術(shù)，對教育培訓(xùn)投資。另外，公司進行的大多數(shù)改革以贏利為目的，這一要求并不總是意味著提高生產(chǎn)率：轉(zhuǎn)入新的市場或提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量可以收到同樣的結(jié)果。
另外的兩種解釋就更加純理論了。一種解釋認為，近年來的一些企業(yè)的改組并未奏效；另一種解釋說，即使奏效了，也沒有像人們想象的那樣廣泛推廣。 第三、四段對造成此種現(xiàn)象的原因進行分析。 哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)者倫納德·施萊辛格是迅速壯大的美味面包連鎖店的前任總裁。他說，大多數(shù)的“企業(yè)改組”都是不成熟的。他還認為，大多數(shù)企業(yè)效益上的損失遠遠超出成本的降低。他的同事邁克爾·比爾說，為數(shù)頗多的公司以簡單機械的方式進行機構(gòu)重組，降低了成本，但是，對長期贏利缺乏充分考慮。BBDO的阿爾·羅森賽恩更不客氣，他對重組顧問們做的大量工作不屑一顧，因為那些完全是垃圾——典型的“勞而無獲”。 第五段引用專家的評價，對目前進行的促進生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的措施進行了否定。
［A］Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
［B］New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
［C］The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain longterm profitability.
［D］The consultants are a bunch of goodfornothings.
Passage3
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture.Think of Gallileos 17thcentury trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has,if anything,deepened in this century.
Until recently,the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics—but no longer.As funding for science has declined,scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books,notably Higher Superstition,by Paul R. Gross,a biologist at the University of Virginia,and Norman Levitt,a mathematician at Rutgers University;and The DemonHaunted World,by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason”, held in New York City in 1995,and “Science in the Age of (Mis)information”, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
Antiscience clearly means different things to different people.Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists,philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity.Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts,creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well,from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber,whose manifesto,published in 1995,scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience,as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
The environmentalists,inevitably,respond to such critics.The true enemies of secience,argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University,a pioneer of environmental studies,are those who question the evidence supporting global warming,the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
Indeed,some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’ can lump together too many,quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and AntiScience.“They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”
59、The word “schism” (Line 3,Paragraph 1) in the context probably means [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道詞義題。從上下文可分析出SCHISM的意思：UNEASY RELATIONSHIP，即科學(xué)與文化其它方面之間這種不和諧的關(guān)系。DISSATISFACTION(不滿)、CONTEMPT(蔑視)不符合題意。CONFRONTATION意為“沖突”，“對抗”，有分庭抗禮、勢不兩立的意味。而科學(xué)與文化諸方面(即人文社科)原本屬于同一范疇，它們之間的矛盾應(yīng)視作兩方面的分裂、割裂。所以應(yīng)選SEPARATION。
［A］confrontation
［B］dissatisfaction
［C］separation
［D］contempt
60、Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這是一道邏輯題。第二段第二句用一個事實說明自然科學(xué)與人文科學(xué)之間的分歧：科學(xué)家已寫了好幾本書來抨擊反科學(xué)的觀點。第三段說明自然科學(xué)家們反擊的方法不僅是“筆伐”，還有召集會議，以捍衛(wèi)自然科學(xué)的尊嚴。所以，應(yīng)選［D］。
［A］discuss the cause of the decline of sciences power
［B］show the authors sympathy with scientists
［C］explain the way in which science develops
［D］exemplify the division of science and the humanities
61、Which of the following is true according to the passage?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道是非判斷題。從第六段第二句可以推斷出［A］的正確性。
［A］Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.
［B］Politicians are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.
［C］The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience.
［D］Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable.
62、The author's attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience” is [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道態(tài)度題，問作者對自然科學(xué)與人文科學(xué)之間的分歧問題持何態(tài)度。在整篇文章中，作者一直在客觀地從各個角度引述事實來講述問題，沒有主觀的評論，所以作者的態(tài)度是不偏不倚的。IMPARTIAL公平的；SUBJECTIVE主觀的；BIASED有偏見的，有偏向性的；PUZZLING令人迷惑不解的。
譯文 解讀 自然科學(xué)與文化的其他方面的關(guān)系在很長一段時間非常緊張。想一想，17世紀時的伽利略因其離經(jīng)叛道的信仰，遭到天主教會的審判；詩人威廉·布萊克尖銳地批評了艾薩克·牛頓的機械論世界觀。自然科學(xué)與人文科學(xué)間的裂痕甚至在本世紀更深了。 這是一篇議論文。第一段指出自然科學(xué)和其他科學(xué)之間長期以來關(guān)系緊張。 前幾年，科學(xué)界勢力強大，對批評者可以置之不理，但現(xiàn)在不同了。由于科研經(jīng)費的減少，科學(xué)家就推出了幾本書來抨擊“反科學(xué)”的傾向。其中，值得注意的有弗吉尼亞大學(xué)生物學(xué)家保羅·Ｒ·格羅斯與拉特格斯大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)家諾曼·萊維特合著的《高級迷信》以及康奈爾大學(xué)的卡爾·薩根著的《鬼怪世界》。
科學(xué)捍衛(wèi)者還在集會上表達了他們憂慮，如1995年在紐約市舉行的“飛離科學(xué)與理性”大會上，以及去年6月在布法羅附近召開的“信息(迷信)時代的科學(xué)”大會上。 第二、三段指出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家開始攻擊"反科學(xué)"，表明科學(xué)和反科學(xué)之間矛盾開始公開化并不斷加深。 很顯然，反科學(xué)對不同的人有著不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特針對那些質(zhì)疑科學(xué)客觀性的社會學(xué)家，哲學(xué)家及其他學(xué)者，主要挑他們的毛病。薩根更關(guān)注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物以及信奉其他與科學(xué)世界觀相左的人。
1996年對新聞報道的調(diào)查，披露了反科學(xué)的標簽也貼在了許多其他群體身上，從提倡消滅所有現(xiàn)存的天花病毒的官員到鼓吹削減基礎(chǔ)研究基金的共和黨人。
把該詞用到反原子彈組織身上也不會引起多大爭議。它在1995年公開發(fā)表聲明藐視科學(xué)，渴望回到前技術(shù)時代的理想社會。但這并不是說，對不加控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示擔(dān)憂的環(huán)保主義者也是反科學(xué)的，而去年五月份刊載在《美國新聞與世界報道》的一篇文章似乎對此有所暗示。 第四、五、六段指出反科學(xué)的標簽被貼在許多人的身上，包括環(huán)保主義者。 環(huán)保主義者毫無疑問要對這種批評作出反應(yīng)。處于環(huán)境研究前沿的斯坦福大學(xué)的保羅·埃利希認為，科學(xué)的真正敵人是那些對工業(yè)增長使全球變暖，臭氧層日漸稀薄以及對其他后果的證據(jù)提出質(zhì)疑的人。 第七段指出環(huán)保人士對此種指責(zé)進行了還擊。 的確，有些觀察者擔(dān)心反科學(xué)這個詞語會變得毫無意義。哈佛大學(xué)的哲學(xué)家杰拉爾德·霍爾頓在他1993年發(fā)表的《科學(xué)與反科學(xué)》的著作中寫道：“‘反科學(xué)’一詞可以涵蓋太多而又截然不同的東西，它們惟一的共同點就是會激怒或威脅那些自以為比別人更有見識的人”。 第八段指出泛用"反科學(xué)"稱號，不加區(qū)分的反對一切是無意義的，不可取的。
［A］impartial
［B］subjective
［C］biased
［D］puzzling
Passage4
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition ,as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
This development—and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead—has enthroned the South as Americas most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nations head counting.
Altogether,the US population rose in the 1970s by 232 million people—numerically the thirdlargest growth ever recorded in a single decade.Even so,that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent,lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War Ⅱ,and the pattern still prevails.
Three sunbelt states—Florida,Texas and California—together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities,San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th—with Cleveland and Washington.DC,dropping out of the top 10.
Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt,census officials say.Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role,too—and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterdays “baby boom” generation reached its childbearing years.
Moreover,demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon:More and more Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people,too.Some instances— · Regionally,the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate—37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
· Among states,Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all:63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively.Except for Florida and Texas,the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people—about 9 per square mile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.There,California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s,more than any other state.
In that decade,however,large numbers also migrated from California,mostly to other parts of the West.Often they chose—and still are choosing—somewhat colder climates such as Oregon,Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog,crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
As a result,Californias growth rate dropped during the 1970s,to 18.5 percent—little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
63、Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided,America in 1970s [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題。本文第三段第一句說，20世紀70年代，美國的人口總共增加了23，200，000——從數(shù)字上看，這10年的人口增長數(shù)在所有記錄中第三高。［A］、［C］項的意思與之抵觸，所以可排除。另外，文章第四段指出，二戰(zhàn)以來，美國人大量向西部、南部遷移，這種格局依然盛行。［D］項的意思與之不符，故也可排除。據(jù)此也可判斷［B］項是正確的。
［A］enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
［B］witnessed a southwestern shift of population
［C］underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
［D］brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War Ⅱ
64、The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這同樣是一道細節(jié)題，問本次人口普查不同于以前的人口普查主要是因為什么?文章第七段指出：很顯然，越來越多的美國人正在尋找的不僅僅是更多的就業(yè)機會，也包括人口稀少一些的地方；第九段第一句也是同樣的意思。因此選［C］。其他幾項盡管文章偶爾提及，但三個動詞STRESS(強調(diào))、HIGHLIGHT(重點論述)和ELABORATE(詳細論述)顯然與文章內(nèi)容不符。
［A］it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution
［B］it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants
［C］it reveals the Americans new pursuit of spacious living
［D］it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday's “baby boom”
65、We can see from the available statistics that [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這同樣也是一道細節(jié)題。從文章第七段第二個例子的數(shù)據(jù)中可找到答案。［A］項的內(nèi)容文章沒有提及；［B］項的內(nèi)容與第七段第二個事實不符，因為FLORIDA與TEXAS不在西部；［C］項與最后兩段的內(nèi)容不符。
［A］California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US
［B］the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West
［C］cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration
［D］Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population
66、The word “demographers” (Line 1,Paragraph 7) most probably means [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道詞義題。第七段中DEMOGRAPHERS提出的兩個統(tǒng)計數(shù)字都是關(guān)于人口問題的，所以可推知他們應(yīng)該是人口學(xué)家。
譯文 解讀 1980年人口普查表明，隨著東北部和中部人口增長近乎停止，地區(qū)間的競爭越來越激烈了。
這一發(fā)展趨勢及其對今后美國在政策制定和經(jīng)濟方面的重大影響使得南方首次成了美國人口普查史上人口最密集的地區(qū)。
20世紀70年代，美國人口總共增加了2320萬——從數(shù)字上看，這是記錄以來十年期人口增長的第三高峰。即使這樣，人口總數(shù)也只增加了114%。除了大蕭條時期，這是美國年度記錄最低的增長率。 這是一篇說明文。
第一、二、三段指出80年美國人口普查顯示，南部在人口統(tǒng)計史上首次成為美國人口最稠密的地方。70年代美國人口凈增長數(shù)量很大，但增長率極低。 自從第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，美國人口一直大量向南方和西部地區(qū)遷移，至今，這一趨勢仍然盛行。
在佛羅里達、得克薩斯和加利福尼亞這三個陽光充沛的州，1980年的人口差不多比十年前增加了將近1000萬。在大城市排行榜上，圣地亞哥從第14位上升到第8位，圣安東尼奧從第15位上升到第10位，而克利夫蘭和華盛頓特區(qū)卻被排擠出前十名。 第四、五段指出普查也顯示，二戰(zhàn)以后美國人不斷向西、南部遷移，而且這種趨勢依然存在。 人口普查官員說，并不是所有這些遷移都是為了離開寒帶，綿延不斷的移民潮還有當(dāng)年“生育高峰”時期出生的孩子已經(jīng)到了生育年齡，這些因素都在發(fā)揮著作用。
此外，人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，向南部和西部的不斷遷移還伴隨著一種與此相關(guān)卻又與以往不同的現(xiàn)象：越來越多的美國人顯然不再只是尋找有更多就業(yè)機會的地方，他們還在尋找人口稀少的地方。請看下面的例證：
從區(qū)域上看，落基山脈附近各州的人口增長率最高——有報告說，居住在這片廣袤地帶的人口僅占美國總?cè)丝诘?%，但自1970年開始，其增長率卻上升到371%。
從各州情況看，內(nèi)華達州和亞利桑那州是增長率最高的兩個州，分別為635%和531%。除了佛羅里達州和得克薩斯州外，處于增長率前十位的是西部各州，共有750萬人口——每平方英里大約9個人。
逃離人口稠密地區(qū)的做法改變了過去一味要離開寒帶地區(qū)到氣候還說得過去的地方去的趨勢。
1980年人口普查的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字最充分地描繪出美國人遷往最西部是為了找到更廣闊的生存空間。這樣一來，70年代加利福尼亞州人口增長最快，增加了370萬。
70年代也有大批的人離開加利福尼亞州，但是，多數(shù)人的目的地是西部的其他地方。他們當(dāng)時——現(xiàn)在也是如此——要去的地方是氣候比較寒冷的俄勒岡、愛達荷和阿拉斯加等地，為的是躲開這個人稱黃金州的煙霧、犯罪以及其他都市化帶來的災(zāi)難。
結(jié)果，70年代加利福尼亞州的人口增長率降到了185%。這個數(shù)字比60年代增長率的三分之二略高，但明顯低于其他西部各州。 第六段至最后對上現(xiàn)象進行分析的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)美國人向西遷移，主要因為想尋找寬闊的生存空間。
［A］people in favor of the trend of democracy
［B］advocates of migration between states
［C］scientists engaged in the study of population
［D］conservatives clinging to old patterns of life
Passage5
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the worlds volcanoes,they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earths surface;on the contrary,many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.Most of the hot spots move only slowly,and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes.The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America,for example,are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them.The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail,but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earths interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots,anchored in the deeper layers of the earth,provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hotspot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference.It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe.When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot,the material rising from deeper layers creates a broad dome.As the dome grows,it develops deep fissures (cracks);in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures,so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents,so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).
67、The author believes that [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查作者的觀點。文章的第二段第三句意為：附加的海岸線及大洋兩岸相同的地質(zhì)特征，提醒人們這兩塊大陸以前在什么地方是相連的。由此可判斷［B］項是正確的。由下一句可知［A］項錯誤；由第二段第五句可知［C］項錯誤；［D］項的意思與文章的最后一句正好相反，也可以排除。
［A］the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earths interior
［B］the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true
［C］the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
［D］the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart
68、That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道細節(jié)題，問憑什么可以認定非洲和南美洲曾經(jīng)連在一起。參看文章第二段第二句。
［A］the two continents are still moving in opposite directions
［B］they have been found to share certain geological features
［C］the African plate has been stable for 30 million years
［D］over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe
69、The hotspot-theory may prove useful in explaining [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這又是一道細節(jié)題。第三段主要論述HOT SPOTS的重要性。此段第四句最后一部分指出：“于是HOT SPOTS導(dǎo)致了新海洋的形成”。［D］項與這是一致的。要注意的是在此段最后一句話中:JUST AS...,AS...是固定的句型，意為“正如…一樣，…一樣也…”�！罢缭缙诘囊恍├碚撘呀�(jīng)解釋了大陸的遷移一樣，HOT SPOTS也許解釋了它們的不穩(wěn)定性。”
［A］the structure of the African plates
［B］the revival of dead volcanoes
［C］the mobility of the continents
［D］the formation of new oceans
70、The passage is mainly about [].
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道主旨題。文章的開頭和結(jié)尾都落在HOT SPOTS上，所以全文的中心也應(yīng)該是關(guān)于這一點的。
譯文 解讀 地球上散落分布著100多個互不相連且面積不大的火山活動區(qū)，被地質(zhì)學(xué)家稱為熱點。與大多數(shù)火山不同的是，它們都不位于形成地球表面的巨大漂移板塊的連接處，許多反倒藏于板塊的深處。大多數(shù)熱點移動極其緩慢，有時，板塊滑過這些熱點，便留下死火山的痕跡。熱點及其火山痕跡標志著板塊漂移而過。 這是一篇說明文。
第一段引出熱點的定義并說明熱點及其火山痕跡標志著板塊移動經(jīng)過。 板塊漂移現(xiàn)在已是無可爭辯的了。以非洲和南美洲為例，由于有新物質(zhì)嵌入洋底，兩塊大陸距離越來越遠。雖然遠隔大洋，但相互吻合的海岸線似乎好像跨越過海的地質(zhì)特征，會使人想到這兩塊大陸曾是連成一片的。帶著兩塊大陸漂移的板塊做相對運動，這已得到詳細說明，但不能把一個板塊相對于另一板塊的運動簡單地解釋為板塊與地球內(nèi)部之間的運動。人們還不能確定兩塊大陸是否在朝相反的方向運動，也不能確定是否是一個大陸原地不動，另一個大陸正在離它而去。位于地殼深處的熱點提供了解決這一問題的測量儀。從熱點地區(qū)的人口情況分析來看，似乎非洲板塊是固定的，三千萬年過去了也沒有移動。 第二段指出熱點對于板塊移動的研究提供了一個參照，并舉例說明。 熱點的重要意義并不僅在于它們所起到的參照體系的作用。現(xiàn)在看來，它們還對推動板塊在地球表面漂移這一地球物理過程有重要影響。當(dāng)大陸板塊漂移到熱點上方，從地殼深處涌出的物質(zhì)便會使板塊凸起，形成巨大圓蓋。圓蓋不斷增大，板塊出現(xiàn)深深的裂痕。起碼有幾次，大陸可能沿著這些裂痕開了。因此，熱點理論解釋了新海洋的成因。這樣，正如早期一些理論已經(jīng)解釋了大陸的可移性一樣，熱點理論或許可以解釋大陸板塊的不穩(wěn)定性。 第三段指出熱點對推動板塊移動的地質(zhì)物理學(xué)過程也提供了解釋。它造成了大陸的斷裂，形成新海洋。
［A］the features of volcanic activities
［B］the importance of the theory about drifting plates
［C］the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
［D］the process of the formation of volcanoes
Part Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation(每題3分，共15分)Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.(15 points)
They were,by far,the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected:a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion lightyears from earth.(71)(But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.)That was just about the moment that the universe was born.What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected:the US National Aeronautics and Space Administrations Cosmic Background Explorer satellite—Cobe—had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).
(72)(The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,first put forward in the 1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.)According to the theory,the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic,unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions,emitting radiation as it went,condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas.Over billions of years,the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies,stars,plants and eventually,even humans.
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures,but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well,the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies.They shouldnt have long to wait.(73)(Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon.)
(74)(If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.)Inflatioin says that very early on,the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second,preopelled by a sort of antigravity.(75)(Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementaryparticle physics,and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.)
71、
（本題分值：3分）
【正確答案】
更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測到的最遙遠的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。
