2013年貨運(yùn)代理考試貨代英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義第十一章
來(lái)源：中大網(wǎng)校發(fā)布時(shí)間：2012-12-20
查看2013年貨運(yùn)代理考試貨代英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)講義匯總
�。ㄒ唬┗疽�
了解：The Logistical Value Proposition
熟悉：Definition of Logistics， Logistics operation
掌握：The work of logistics
�。ǘ┛荚噧�(nèi)容
1. Definition of Logistics
The Council of Logistics Management has developed the following definition： “Logistics is the process of planning， implementing and controlling the efficient， effective flow and storage of goods， services and related information from point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.”
物流是指以滿足客戶(hù)需求為目的，對(duì)貨物、服務(wù)以及相關(guān)信息從發(fā)源地到消費(fèi)地經(jīng)濟(jì)、高效的流動(dòng)及儲(chǔ)存進(jìn)行計(jì)劃、實(shí)施、控制的過(guò)程。
2. The Logistical Value Proposition
3. The work of Logistics
There are five areas of logistical work： （1） order processing； （2） inventory； （3） transportation； （4） warehousing， materials handling， and packaging； and （5） facility network.
For a supply chain to realize the maximum strategic benefit of logistics， the full range of functional work must be integrated（整合）。
It is the interrelation of functions that challenges（促使） the successful implementation of integrated logistical management （整合物流管理的成功實(shí)施）。 Work related to these functional areas combines to create the capabilities needed to achieve logistical value.（創(chuàng)造以實(shí)現(xiàn)物流價(jià)值所需要的能力）
3.1 Order processing
In most supply chains， customer requirements are transmitted in the form of orders. The processing of these orders involves all aspects of managing customer requirements from initial order receipt， delivery， invoicing， and collection.
（訂單處理包括管理客戶(hù)需求的各方面，從最初接受訂單、交貨，到開(kāi)具發(fā)票、收款）
3.2 Inventory
The objective in inventory strategy is to achieve desired customer service with the minimum inventory commitment（最低庫(kù)存量）。
Logistical strategies should be designed to maintain the lowest possible financial investment in inventory.
A sound inventory strategy is based on a combination of five aspects of selective deployment（選擇性調(diào)度結(jié)合基礎(chǔ)上）： core customer segmentation（核心客戶(hù)的分離）， product profitability（產(chǎn)品利潤(rùn)率）， transportation integration（運(yùn)輸整合）， time-based performance（時(shí)間性績(jī)效）， and competitive performance（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性績(jī)效）。
3.3 Transportation
Transportation requirements can be satisfied in three basic ways.
First， a private fleet of equipment may be operated. Second， contracts may be arranged with dedicated transport specialists. Third， an enterprise may engage the services of a wide variety of carriers that provide different transportation services on a per shipment basis.
From the logistical system viewpoint， three factors are fundamental to transportation performance： cost， speed， and consistency. In designing a logistical system， a delicate balance must be maintained between transportation cost and service quality. （設(shè)計(jì)物流系統(tǒng)必須在運(yùn)輸成本和服務(wù)質(zhì)量之間保持一種精妙的平衡）
3.4 Warehousing， Materials
Handling， and Packaging
Inventory typically needs to be warehoused at selected times during the logistics process.
Transportation vehicles require materials handling for efficient loading and unloading.
Finally， the individual products are most efficiently handled when packaged together into shipping cartons or other unit loads.
When effectively integrated into an enterprise‘s logistical operations， warehousing， materials handling， and packaging facilitate the speed and overall ease of product flow throughout the logistical system.
3.5 Facility Network
In business operations， the number， size， and geographical relationship of facilities used to perform logistical operations directly impacts customer service capabilities and cost.
Network design is a primary responsibility of logistical management since a firm‘s facility structure is used to ship products and materials to customers.
Typical logistics facilities are manufacturing plants， warehouses， cross-dock （碼頭之間）operations， and retail stores.
The selection of a superior locational network can provide a significant step toward achieving competitive advantage.
4. Logistical Operations
4.1 Inventory Flow（庫(kù)存流）
Logistical operations can be divided into three areas： market distribution（市場(chǎng)分銷(xiāo)）， manufacturing support（制造支持）， and procurement（采購(gòu)）。
The movement of finished product to customers is market distribution.
The area of manufacturing support concentrates on managing work-in-process（半成品） inventory as it flows between stages of manufacturing.
Procurement is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement（向內(nèi)部流動(dòng)） of materials， parts， and/or finished（制成品） inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants， warehouses， or retail stores.
4.2 Information Flow（信息流）
The primary objective of information flow management is to reconcile（協(xié)調(diào)） these differentials to improve overall supply chain performance.
It is important to stress that information requirements parallel the actual work performed in market distribution， manufacturing support， and procurement（信息要求與市場(chǎng)分銷(xiāo)、制造支持、采購(gòu)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行的實(shí)際工作同等重要）。 Whereas these areas contain the actual logistics work， information facilitates coordination of planning and control of day-to-day operations. Without accurate information the effort involved in the logistical system can be wasted.
