本課主要構(gòu)詞法

　　Affixation　　(詞綴法)

　　1. 反意詞前綴un- 　　　unusual，unwilling

　　2. 形容詞后綴-y 　　　salty

　　3. 名詞后綴-or 　　　sailor

　　Compounding 　　(合詞法)

　　1. 復(fù)合名詞 　　　highway，steamship，airplane

　　2. 復(fù)合形容詞 　　　mid-Atlantic，eastward

　　本課簡介

　　The Atlantic Ocean向讀者介紹了有關(guān)大西洋的情況。我們可以了解航行大西洋的過去和現(xiàn)在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出來的世界之最。

　　本課主要語言點(diǎn)

　　1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

　　在表示河流，海洋，群島，沙漠等地理名稱的名詞前，以及以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的國名前要用定冠詞，例如：the Yellow River(黃河)，the Pacific Ocean(太平洋)，the British Isles (不列顛群島)，the Sahara(撒哈拉沙漠)，the Alps(阿爾卑斯山脈)， the Philippines (菲列賓)

　　在表示某一座山，島嶼或某一個(gè)湖時(shí)不用定冠詞，例如：Yellow Mountain(黃山)，Lake Erie(伊利湖)，Hainan Island(海南島)

　　one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞是英語中常見的用法，請翻譯下面的句子：

　　She is one of the most hardworking students in our class.　(她是我們班學(xué)習(xí)最刻苦的學(xué)生之一。)

　　Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.(上海是世界最大的城市之一。)

　　印度是世界上人口最多的國家之一。　(India is one of the countries with the largest population in the world.)

　　尼羅河是世界上最長的河流之一。(Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.)

　　在one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句一般被看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此該從句中的謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.　(這是今年出版的最佳小說之一。)

　　Mr. Smith is one of those men who always think they are right.(史密斯先生屬于那些總是認(rèn)為自己正確的人。)

　　He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.(他不是那種在困難面前低頭的人。)

　　但是在the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句應(yīng)該被看成修飾單數(shù)名詞。例如：

　　He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the teacher.　(他是男孩中唯一受到老師表揚(yáng)的。)

　　Helen is the only one of those girls who doesn't wear make-up.　(海倫是那些女孩中唯一不化妝的。)

　　separate from是常用詞組，在句子中的意思是“(使)分離，(使)分開”，請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)英吉利海峽把英法兩國隔開。(The English Channel separates England from France.)

　　2)理論不應(yīng)該脫離實(shí)際。(Theory should not be separated from practice.)

　　the Old world指歐，亞，非三洲，有時(shí)僅指歐洲。the New (World) 指哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)的美洲大陸。

　　2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.

　　for centuries 意為“許多世紀(jì)”。在英語中用介詞for加表示時(shí)間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的表達(dá)形式很常見。請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)I haven't seen you for days. How is everything?(多日不見，一切都好嗎?)

　　2)I haven't seen him for years， I am sure he has changed a lot.　(我多年沒見到他了，他一定變了不少。)

　　3)It seems I have been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you been?(我似乎等了你幾個(gè)世紀(jì)了，你去哪兒了?)

　　keep… from doing 是習(xí)慣用法，意思是“使…不…”。

　　例如：It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父親不抽煙真不容易。)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)Heavy fog kept the ships from being discovered by the enemy.　(大霧使得船只未被敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)。)

　　2)We had no way to keep him from getting involved in the matter.　(我們沒有辦法使他不卷入那事件中去。)

　　3)那種藥使他的咳嗽不再加劇�！�(The medicine keeps his cough from getting more serious.)

　　4)當(dāng)?shù)厝说谋Ｊ厮枷胧沟媚莻�(gè)地方不能快速發(fā)展。

　　(The local people's conservative mind keeps that place from developing rapidly.)

　　3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.

　　make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意為“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如：His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他對工作的冷漠態(tài)度使得所有的人都不愿與他合作。)

　　主語+動詞+賓語+補(bǔ)語(SVOC)的句型在課本第二單元的語法中已有較詳細(xì)的論述。請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1)His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed.　(他在晚宴上的行為使主人很惱火。)

　　2)That film made him famous.(那部影片使他出了名。)

　　3)他剛才的一番話使瑪麗很傷心。(What he said just now made Mary very sad.)

　　4)老師對他作文的評價(jià)令他失望。　(The teacher's comment on his composition made him disappointed.)

　　5)What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.(他的所為使得他的朋友們對接受邀請猶豫不決。)

　　6)他的揮霍浪費(fèi)使得他的父母不愿意再給他錢。(His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.)

　　4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

　　Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

　　這兩個(gè)都是表語從句和主句中的系動詞連用的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+表語從句。請看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我們應(yīng)該盡快跟他聯(lián)系。)

　　請翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.(我的建議是我們應(yīng)該把會議延期。)

　　2) One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.　(太陽能的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是用之不竭。)

　　3) 問題是你不在時(shí)誰照管孩子�！�(The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.)

　　4) 看起來天要下雨。(It looks that it is going to rain.)

　　請注意辨析another 和other：

　　another由 an+other構(gòu)成，只和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。other可用于所有名詞前。another+單數(shù)名詞表示不定的“另一個(gè)”，the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示特指的“另一個(gè)”。

　　請看下面的例句：

　　1) This idea is not very practical， will you think of another one?　(這個(gè)主意不太實(shí)際，你能另想一個(gè)嗎?)

　　2) This book is too difficult. Show me another one.(這本書太難了，給我看另外一本。)

　　3) Of the three books in my bag， two are published in China， the other is published in the United States.(我包里的三本書中，兩本是中國出版的，另一本是美國出版的。)

　　4) Tom is here， but where are the other boys?(湯姆在這兒，其他的男孩在哪兒呢?)

　　5) I like this coat better than the other one.(兩件上衣中，我更喜歡這一件。)

　　6) This camera is more expensive than the other one.(這架照相機(jī)比另一架貴。)

　　boiling hot意思是“滾熱的，酷熱的”。此處的boiling不是形容詞而是副詞，表示熱的程度，修飾hot.

　　5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.

　　此句中，that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作形容詞的補(bǔ)足語。例如：

　　1) I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.　(我擔(dān)心我兩小時(shí)內(nèi)寫不完這篇文章。)

　　2) He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer.　(他擔(dān)心他不能給你一個(gè)明確的答復(fù)。)

　　3) I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(我擔(dān)心自己犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。)

　　4) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties.　(我們相信自己能克服所有的困難。)

　　對“be + 形容詞 + that引起的從句”這類結(jié)構(gòu)，語法家們有的認(rèn)為that從句做賓語用，有的認(rèn)為that從句做狀語用。根據(jù)句子的邏輯意義來判斷也許比較方便一些。如：I'm sorry that you failed the exam again. 這個(gè)句子中的that從句起狀語作用，相當(dāng)于“…because you failed the exam again.”

　　6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，…

　　在第一單元中我們討論過副詞的同等比較。本句中as big as 則是形容詞的同等比較。在這類句子中，可以有表示程度的狀語。例如：

　　1) This book is not half as interesting as that one.(這本書還不如那本書一半有趣。)

　　2) My monthly income is only half as much as his.(我的月收入只有他的一半多。)

　　3) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.(我們學(xué)校今年的招生人數(shù)將是前年的三倍。)