Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1.（ 10 points ）
Everybody dances. If you have 1 swerved to avoid stepping on a crack in the sidewalk, you have danced. If you have every kneeled to pray, you have danced. For these actions have figured importantly 2 the history of dance. Dance goes 3 to the beginning of civilization- 4 the tribe where natives danced to get 5 they wanted. Primitive dance was 6 all practical, not the social dancing we know today. Natives approached dance with 7 seriousness as a way to help the tribe in the crucial process 8 survival. Dance was believed to be the 9 direct way to repel locusts, to 10 rain to fall, to insure that a male heir would be born, and 11 guarantee victory in a forthcoming battle.
Primitive 12 was generally done by many people moving in the same manner and direction. 13 all dances had leaders, solo dances 14 rare. Much use was made of 15 part of the body. And so 16 were these tribe dances that, if a native 17 miss a single step, he would be put to death 18 the spot. Fortunately, the same rigid 19 that governed the lives of these people do not apply in the 20 relaxed settings of today's disco.
1. a. ever b. never c. before d. after
2. a. about b. for c. in d. around
3. a. forward b. back c. up d. down
4. a. at b. for c. of d. to
5. a. when b. why c. which d. what
6. a. about b. above c. under d. over
7. a. little b. great c. less d. least
8. a. to b. over c. of d. at
9. a. most b. first c. least d. last
10. a. cause b. happen c. try d. make
11. a. for b. of c. to d. at
12. a. food b. dance c. spells d. harvest
13. a. since b. despite c. thus d. although
14. a. are b. was c. were d. is
15. a. only b. every c. some d. all
16. a. comic b. boring c. solemn d. tiring
17. a. would b. should c. might d. could
18. a.in b.at c.on d.around
19. a. sticks b. messages c. reviews d. rules
20. a. less b. more c. least d. most
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. Mark your answers on answer sheet 1.（40 points）
Text 1
The story that traces life from sea to land then into the multiple niches that exist there for a great variety of living things is a fascinating one, but far too detailed for our purposes. One key point for us in that story is the emergence of the biological class of animals that are called mammals. Mammals have a number of features that distinguish them from the reptiles from which they developed. They are warm blooded; that is, they have a system of temperature control that keeps the body at a constant temperature. Mammals have a set of teeth of different shapes that serve different functions such as cutting, gouging, and grinding. Young mammals spend their earliest days of development shielded within the mother's body and are then born alive, rather than hatching from eggs. In addition, after birth they are nourished by milk provided by the mother's mammary glands. The enforced association between mother and infant provides an opportunity for learning that does not exist for those kinds of creatures that are hatched from eggs long after their parents have departed from the scene. Young mammals play something that amphibians and reptiles never do which provides additional learning opportunities.
The foregoing list leaves little doubt that we are mammals. There are, of course, a great many kinds of mammals, most of which developed after the great extinction of dinosaurs and other reptiles about 65 million years ago that opened opportunities for the few small mammals that were already in existence. One of the groups of mammals that resulted was a biological order called primates which includes monkeys, apes, humans, and some smaller creatures familiar only to ardent zoogoers. Primates share a number of behavioral features that have played important roles in their evolutionary development. Most primates are arboreal; that is, they spend their lives in and among trees. Their tree-climbing and tree-dwelling habits impose needs that are reflected in primate anatomy. Although diet varies from species to species, many primates are largely vegetarian. But they can eat and digest meat, and some species vary their diets of leaves, shoots, and fruits by eating insects, birds' eggs, and even small animals. Primates are hand-feeders, depending on their hands both to collect food and to get it into their mouths. Perhaps the most important feature of their behavior is that primates are social animals. Their genetics, habits, and even their survival are geared to living in groups. Although human beings have come to have a way of life very different from that of typical primates, the basic primate adaptation provided prehuman with capabilities that allowed them to become culture-builders.
The anatomical features that separate primates from other kinds of animals relate clearly to the way primates behave.
21.Where do you think is the passage from?
a. newspaper. b. gazette. c. journal. d. science magazine.
22.Which of the following is not the features of mammals that distinguish them from the reptiles?
a.they're warm-blooded.
b.they have a set of teeth of different shapes.
c.the first period of development of young mammals is within their mother's body.
d.there's some association between mother and infant.
23.Which can be inferred from the passage?
a.mammals developed from the reptiles.
b.the animals that are hatched from eggs have no opportunity for learning.
c.mammals developed at the cost of the extinction of reptiles.
d.not all the primates are mammals.
24.Primates are social animals because .
a.they are hand-feeders b.of their anatomical features
c.they are arboreal d.they depend on each other
25.What leads to the features of the primate anatomy?
a.their tree-climbing and tree-dwelling life.
b.their diet.
c.the way they behave.
d.the social emphasis in their life.
text 2
The study of social science is more than the study of the individual social sciences. Although it is true that to be a good social scientist you must know each of those components, you must also know how they interrelate. By specializing too early, many social scientists can lose sight of the interrelationships that are so essential to understanding modern problems. That's why it is necessary to have a course covering all the social sciences. In fact, it would not surprise me if one day a news story such as the one above should appear.
The preceding passage placed you in the future. To understand how and when social science broke up, you must go into the past. Imagine for a moment that you're a student in 1062, in the Italian city of Bologna, site of one of the first major universities in the western world. The university has no buildings. It consists merely of a few professors and students. There is no tuition fee. At the end of a professor's lecture, if you like it, you pay. And if you don't like it, the professor finds himself without students and without money. If we go back still earlier, say to Greece in the sixth century B. C., we can see the philosopher Socrates walking around the streets of Athens, arguing with his companions. He asks them questions, and then other questions, leading these people to reason the way he wants them to reason（this became known as the Socratic method）.
Times have changed since then; universities sprang up throughout the world and created colleges within the universities. Oxford, one of the first universities, now has thirty colleges associated with it, and the development and formalization of educational institutions has changed the roles of both students and faculty. As knowledge accumulated, it became more and more difficult for one person to learn, let alone retain, it all. In the sixteenth century one could still aspire to know all there was to know, and the definition of the renaissance man（people were even more sexist then than they are now）was of one who was expected to know about everything.
Unfortunately, at least for someone who wants to know everything, the amount of information continues to grow exponentially while the size of the brain has grown only slightly. The way to deal with the problem is not to try to know everything about everything. Today we must specialize. That is why social science separated from the natural sciences and why it, in turn, has been broken down into various subfields, such as anthropology and sociology.
26.What is the main idea of this text?
a.social science is unified.
b.social science is a newborn science.
c.what is social science.
d.specialization in social science is not good.
27.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
a.Socrates can be regarded as the first social scientist in the western world.
b.the universities in Italy have no buildings.
c.Socrates created the"Socratic method".
d.Greece is not as civilized as Italy.
28.Why does the author say"people were even more sexist then than they are now"?
a.because they are so covetous that they want to know all there was to know.
b.because it is the Renaissance"man", not Renaissance"woman"or"human".
c.because no woman was formally educated at that time.
d.because all renaissance men were men.
29.What does the underlined word "exponentially" mean in the first sentence of the last paragraph?
a. promisingly b. continuously c. drastically d. raidly
30.We can infer from the text that .
a.social science is a united science, and cannot be divided into subfields
b.social science may be further divided into smaller parts as the amount of knowledge and information expanding
c.there may be a renaissance man in the future
d.the best way to deal with the expansion of information is to know everything
text 3
To what extent are the unemployed failing in their duty to society to work, and how far has the state an obligation to ensure that they have work to do?
It is by now increasingly recognized that workers may be thrown out of work by industrial forces beyond their control, and that the unemployed are in some sense paying the price of the economic progress of the rest of the community. But concern with unemployment and the unemployed varies sharply. The issues of duty and responsibility were reopened and revitalized by the unemployment scare of 1971-2. Rising unemployment and increased sums paid out in benefits to the workless had reawakened controversies which had been inactive during most of the period of fuller employment since the war ended the depression. It looked as though in future there would again be too little work to go round, so there were arguments about how to produce more work, how the available work should be shared out, and who was responsible for unemployment and the unemployed.
In 1972 there were critics who said that the state's action in allowing unemployment to rise was a faithless act, a breaking of the social contract between society and the worker. Yet in the main any contribution by employers to unemployment such as laying off workers in order to introduce technological changes and maximize profits-tended to be ignored. And it was the unemployed who were accused of failing to honour the social contract, by not fulfilling their duty to society to work. In spite of general concern at the scale to the unemployment statistics, when the unemployed were considered as individuals, they tended to attract scorn and threats of punishment. Their capacities and motivation as workers and their value as members of society became suspect. Of all the myths of the welfare state, stories of the work-shy and borrowers have been the least well-founded on evidence, yet they have proved the most persistent. The unemployed were accused of being responsible for their own workless condition, and doubts were expressed about the state's obligation either to provide them with the security of work or to support them through social security.
Underlying the arguments about unemployment and the unemployed is a basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society. To what extent can or should work be regarded as a service, not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the state, and supported if necessary? And apart from cash are there social pressures and satisfactions which cause individuals to seek and keep work, so that the workless need work rather than just cash?
31.It is the author's belief that .
a.unemployment must lead to inevitable depression of national economy
b.the unemployed are the victims of economical and social development
c.unemployment should be kept under the control of industrial forces
d.the unemployed are not entitled to share the benefits from technological progress
32.What the author proposes to examine is .
a.how far the unemployed are to blame for their failure in working and how far it is the state's fault
b.to what extent the state should insist on the unemployed working if they fail to do so
c.whether being at work is a social duty which the state should ensure everybody carries out
d.whether work should be obligatory, and if so, whether the state or the individual is responsible for enforced obligation
33.The effect of the 1971-2 unemployment scare was to .
a.make people think for the first time about the problem of the availability of work
b.make concern for unemployment and the unemployed vary
c.make the subject of unemployment controversial again
d.show that there would in future be too little work to go round
34.According to the author, in the 1971-2 crisis .
a.the state and the employers were equally to blame for allowing unemployment to rise
b.the unemployed did not fulfill their social duty to find jobs
c.the role played by the employers in creating unemployment was not recognized
d.the state was guilty of breaking the social contract by letting unemployment increase
35.The basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society rests on the problem of whether or not .
a.the unemployed ought to be supported by society as a whole
b.the state should recognize that people work for more than just money
c.it is a service to provide people with work rather than cash
d.the state's duty to provide work is as great as the individual's duty to work
text 4
Successful business tend to continue implementing the ideas that made them successful. But in a rapidly changing world, ideas often become obsolete overnight. What worked in the past won't necessarily work in the future. In order to thrive in the future, you must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business. In fact, you must continually generate new ideas just to keep your head above water. Businesses that aren't creative about their future may not survive.
Although Bill Gates is the richest, most successful man on the planet, he did not anticipate the Internet. Now he's scrambling to catch up. If Bill Gates can miss a major aspect of his industry, it can happen to you in your industry. Your business needs to continually innovate and create its future. Gates is now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft. Here's what he said in a recent interview in U.S. news world report: "Will we be replaced tomorrow? No. In a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company. But when you look to the two-to-three-year time frame, I don't think anyone can say with a straight face that any technology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft, not Compaq, not Dell, take any of your favorites. And that's totally honest."
You may remember that in 1985 the cabbage patch kids dolls were the best selling toy on the market. But after Coleco industries introduced their sensational line of dolls they became complacent and didn't create any new toys worth mentioning. As a result, Coleco went bankrupt in 1988.
The most successful businesses survive in the long term because they constantly reassess their situations and reinvest themselves accordingly. The 3M company has a 15 % rule: employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing new ideas on any project they desire. It's no surprise, then, that 3M has been around since 1902.
Most businesses are not willing to tear apart last year's model of success and build a new one. Here's a familiar analogy to explain why they are lulled into complacency, imagine that your business is like a pot of lobsters. To cook lobsters, you put them into a pot of warm water and gradually turn up the heat. The lobsters don't realize they're being cooked because the process is so gradual. As a result, they become complacent and die without a struggle. However, if you throw a lobster into the pot when the water is boiling, it will desperately try to escape. This lobster is not lulled by a slowly changing environment. It realizes instantly that it's ill a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status.
36.Judging from the context, "to keep your head above water"（paragraph 1） probably means .
a.to be drown
b.to keep out of financial difficulty
c.to keep away from danger
d.to protect you from water
37.Why is gates now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft?
a.because he is the richest, most successful man on the planet.
b.because his company will be replaced tomorrow.
c.because in a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company.
d.because he doesn't think that any technology company has a guaranteed position.
38.Coleco industries' case suggests that .
a.the cabbage patch kids dolls were the best-selling toy on the market
b.the cabbage patch kids dolls are sensational line of dolls
c.complacency and lack of creation will ultimately ruin a business
d.the most successful businesses survive in the long term
39.According to this passage, the 3M company's success lies in its .
a.constant reassessment of their situations
b.reinvention
c.15% rule
d.being around since 1902
40.By using the analogy of "throwing a lobster into a pot", the author tries to imply that .
a.some managers are really foolish people
b.it's cruel to cook lobsters
c.people are tend to become complacent
d.bad environment calls for immediate action
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list a—g to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
Enlightenment is man's leaving his self-caused immaturity. Immaturity is the incapacity to use one's intelligence without the guidance of another.
Such immaturity is self-caused if it is not caused by lack of intelligence, but by lack of determination and courage to use one's intelligence without being guided by another. Have the courage to use your own intelligence! Is therefore the motto of the enlightenment.
Through laziness and cowardice a large part of mankind, even after nature has freed them from alien guidance, gladly remain immature. It is because of laziness and cowardice that it is so easy for others to usurp the role of guardians. It is so comfortable to be a minor! 41）___________________________________. The guardians who have kindly undertaken the supervision will see to it that by far the largest part of mankind, including the entire beautiful sex, should consider the step into maturity, not only as difficult but as very dangerous.
After having made their domestic animals dumb and having carefully prevented these quiet creatures from daring to take any step beyond the lead-strings to which they have fastened them, these guardians then show them the danger which threatens them, should they attempt to walk alone. Now this danger is not really so very great; for they would presumably learn to walk after some stumbling. 42）______________________.
It is difficult for the isolated individual to work himself out of the immaturity which has become almost natural for him. He has even become fond of it and for the time being is incapable of employing his own intelligence, because he has never been allowed to make the attempt. Statues and formulas, these mechanical tools of a serviceable use, or rather misuse, of his natural faculties, are the ankle-chains of a continuous immaturity. Whoever threw it off would make an uncertain jump over the smallest trench because he is not accustomed to such free movement. 43）__________________________________.
44）_______________________________________. For there will always be some people who think for themselves, even among the self-appointed guardians of the great mass who, after having thrown off the yoke of immaturity themselves, will spread about them the spirit of a reasonable estimate of their own value and of the need for every man to think for himself……
45）_____________________________________________. Through revolution, the abandonment of personal despotism may be engendered and the end of profit-seeking and domineering oppression may occur, but never a true reform of the state of mind. Instead, new prejudices, just like the old ones, will serve as the guiding reins of the great, unthinking mass.
[a]a public can only arrive at enlightenment slowly.
[b]but it is more nearly possible for a public to enlighten itself: this is even inescapable if only the public is given its freedom.
[c]if I have a book which provides meaning for me, a pastor who has conscience for me, a doctor who will judge my diet for me and so on, then I do not need to exert myself. I do not have any need to think; if I can pay, others will take over the tedious job for me.
[d]all that is required for this enlightenment is freedom; and particularly the least harmful of that may be called freedom, namely, the freedom for man to make public use of his reason in all matters.
[e]however, an example of this kind intimidates and frightens people out of all further attempts.
[f]much still prevents men from being placed in a position to use their own minds securely and well in matters of religion.
[g]therefore there are only a few who have pursued a firm path and have succeeded in escaping from immaturity by their own cultivation of the mind.
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. your translation should be written clearly on answer sheet 2. （10 points）
There can be no doubt that the computer revolution has touched virtually every person in the country in some way or other.
Nor can there be any doubt that it has brought tremendous improvements in productivity and efficiency. 46） Indeed, there are many tasks undertaken by computers that could not be done without them, and we have reached the point that the benefits of computerization are taken lot granted. Having accepted that computers are here to stay, what is the downside? 47） The most obvious answer is that because of increased efficiency, less people are needed and the loss of jobs, particularly in the service industries, has been enormous, with more job losses yet to come.
However, on a more insidious note, many users have not realized how computers have introduced vulnerability to their business. If computers are soon a boon, how do we cope when something goes wrong?
Computers have many uses, varying from pure accounting or back-office systems to stock or production control, or computer-aided design or manufacturing. 48）In many instances, manual systems can quickly be introduced to ensure some continuity of the business; but in many cases if the computer is down, so is the business.
The most probable causes of interruption in the past have been accidental damage or breakdown, and these can usually be dealt with expeditiously. However, in recent times the exposure causing most concern to insurers have been theft.
49） Initially the problem was the theft of PCs, and because most of these were based in offices which had not been targeted by thieves in the past, and thus had relatively poor security, losses mounted very quickly. It was common practice for a thief to make a fresh visit once the equipment had been replaced, as the new equipment would be more attractive due to rapid technological advances. The equipment would usually be covered by insurance, but problems could be experienced if there were no back-ups of date and/or programmes.
The initial reaction by insurers was to step up requests for security improvements, including alarms and devices such as lock-down plates or cables.50）However, the criminal fraternity quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable, so even when caught the police have trouble proving the theft. this led to even greater demands for security, including encapsulation and computer safes.
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
The walkman you bought a month before is broken down. Write to the manufacturer's service department. The letter should include:
1）the problem of the walkman
2）ask for warranty
3）remind them of the enclosure （s）
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "John Smith" instead. You do not need to write the addess. （10 points）
Part B
52.Directions:
（1）Title: Competition and Cooperation
（2）Word limit: about 200 words
（3）Your composition should be based on the Outlines below.
Outlines:
（1）The phenomenon of competition and cooperation
�。�2）The function of competition and cooperation
�。�3）Man can develop continuously with competition and cooperation
SectionⅠUse of English
1. A.從后半分句have以及句子的意思或下一個(gè)句子可以看出這里應(yīng)選ever.
2. C. in the history of dance在舞蹈的歷史里。
3. B. go back to追溯，這句話的意思是“舞蹈要追溯到文明起源時(shí)”。
4. D.承接前文，相當(dāng)于go back to the tribe.
5. D. what they wanted他們想要得到的東西。
6. B.這里above = out of.
7. B.根據(jù)后文的“crucial process”可知Natives approached dance with great seriousness.
8. C. of在這里表修飾關(guān)系。
9. A.從語(yǔ)法功能來(lái)看這里需要一個(gè)副詞，所以選most.
10. A. cause rain to fall使降雨。
11. C. to和上文的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)應(yīng)。
12. B.繼續(xù)講述原始舞蹈“primitive dance”。
13. D.此分句和后半句有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選Although.
14. C.根據(jù)本文的時(shí)態(tài)及主語(yǔ)dances選were.
15. B.根據(jù)后接的part of the body可排除some， all，前面的much可確定選every.
16. C.根據(jù)下文意思，一旦出錯(cuò)將被處死可推斷當(dāng)時(shí)的舞蹈被看得如此神圣，solemn非常神圣，嚴(yán)肅的。
17. B.虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)后半分句的時(shí)態(tài)，可推斷用should.
18. C. on the spot“當(dāng)場(chǎng)”。例如：They caught the thief on the spot.他們當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住了那個(gè)小偷。
19. D.一旦出錯(cuò)，后果不堪設(shè)想，可謂是嚴(yán)厲的規(guī)則rigid rules.
20. B.今日的discotheque（disco）可以說(shuō)成more relaxed setting.
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
詞語(yǔ)注釋
niche n.適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤�；位置reptile n.爬蟲(chóng)類(lèi)
foregoing adj.前進(jìn)的arboreal adj.棲于樹(shù)木的
vegetarian adj.素食的mammary adj.乳房的
extinction n.滅絕mammal n.哺乳類(lèi)
amphibian n.兩棲動(dòng)物primates n.靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物
antomy n.身體結(jié)構(gòu)；構(gòu)造adaptation n.適應(yīng)；改裝；順應(yīng)
dinosaur n.恐龍gland n.腺
文章概要
Para.1哺乳動(dòng)物的特點(diǎn)及生活習(xí)慣。
Para.2-3靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物的特點(diǎn)及生活習(xí)慣。
答案點(diǎn)評(píng)
21.D從全文內(nèi)容來(lái)看，文章主要講述了哺乳類(lèi)及靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物的特點(diǎn)及生活習(xí)慣等，屬于科普類(lèi)文章，所以最有可能刊登在科學(xué)雜志上。
22.DA、B、C三項(xiàng)在文章第一段有明顯對(duì)應(yīng)的句子，至于D，文中原句是“The enforced association between mother and infant provides an opportunity for learning that does not exist for those kinds of creatures that are hatched from eggs long after their parents have departed from the scene.”選項(xiàng)與原文意思有出入。
23.A根據(jù)第一段第三句“Mammals have a number of features that distinguish them from the reptiles from which they developed.”可判斷，A正確。
24.DA、B、C顯然不合題意，從第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Their genetics， habits， and even their survival are geared to living in groups.”來(lái)看，靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物為了生存，必須選擇群居生活，它們彼此相互依賴(lài)。
25.CA、B、D或不合題意或不夠全面。從最后一段“The anatomical features that separate primates from other kinds of animals relate clearly to the way primates behave.”可知C為最佳答案。
Text 2
詞語(yǔ)注釋
component n.成分；部分preceding a.在先的；優(yōu)先的
aspire v.渴望；追求；有志于subfield n.子域；副學(xué)科
interrelate v.（使）相互關(guān)聯(lián)formalization n.定形；形式化
sexist n.男性至上主義者；性別歧視者exponential n.指數(shù)
文章概要
Para.1說(shuō)明有一個(gè)學(xué)科覆蓋所有社會(huì)科學(xué)的原因。
Para.2-3闡述了社會(huì)科學(xué)分裂的時(shí)間和過(guò)程。
Para.4人類(lèi)的大腦是趕不上知識(shí)爆炸的速度的，所以社會(huì)科學(xué)的分類(lèi)會(huì)越來(lái)越快。
答案點(diǎn)評(píng)
26.A文章第一句即為題旨所在：“The study of social science is more than the study of the individual social sciences.”
27.C“Socratic method”以蘇格拉底的名字命名，并且為他所第一個(gè)使用。他是“Socratic method”無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的創(chuàng)始人。
28.B這個(gè)答案可能有些出乎意料，但這是有據(jù)可依的。西方女奴主義興起之時(shí)，類(lèi)似這種名詞都受到過(guò)挑戰(zhàn)。最為大家熟知的，就是“Ms.”這一稱(chēng)謂的誕生。且從作者在括號(hào)中說(shuō)到這句話，可看出這句話與文意本無(wú)甚大關(guān)系。
29.D“exponentially”的本意是“指數(shù)地”。大家都知道“呈指數(shù)倍增長(zhǎng)”是指極快速的增長(zhǎng)，這里的“exponentially”也就是“rapidly快速地”的意思。
30.B人的精力是有限的，隨著知識(shí)與信息的爆炸，社會(huì)科學(xué)的分科必然會(huì)越來(lái)越細(xì)，越來(lái)越專(zhuān)。A認(rèn)為“Social science cannot be divided into subfields”，事實(shí)恰恰相反。筆者個(gè)人認(rèn)為未來(lái)實(shí)在不可能出現(xiàn)“Renaissance Man”了。知識(shí)爆炸的速度遠(yuǎn)非人腦力可及。
Text 3
詞語(yǔ)注釋
controversy n.爭(zhēng)吵statistics n.統(tǒng)計(jì)
accuse of指責(zé)、控訴available a.可用的，可得到的，可達(dá)到的
文章概要
Para.1究竟是失業(yè)者未能履行為社會(huì)服務(wù)的義務(wù)，還是國(guó)家沒(méi)有盡到使他們有工作做的職責(zé)呢？
Para.2人們普遍認(rèn)為人的力量不及工業(yè)力量是失業(yè)的主要原因，在某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō)，失業(yè)者為社會(huì)剩余的經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步付出代價(jià)。
Para.3造成失業(yè)原因之一是失業(yè)者自己要負(fù)責(zé)，之二是政府也要為此承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
Para.4關(guān)于失業(yè)者和失業(yè)人數(shù)的爭(zhēng)論主要基于社會(huì)工作的本質(zhì)和意義的不統(tǒng)一。
答案點(diǎn)評(píng)
31.BB項(xiàng)與第2段第1句意思相符，其中victims of…（……的受害者）相當(dāng)于該句的paying the price of （為……付出代價(jià)）。其余三項(xiàng)皆非作者之意。
32.AA項(xiàng)與起始句的內(nèi)容一致，此問(wèn)句點(diǎn)出了本文的主題。
33.C此題出自第2段第3句，句中revitalize意為“使恢復(fù)活力”；unemployment scare是“失業(yè)大恐慌”。C項(xiàng)“使失業(yè)問(wèn)題再起爭(zhēng)論”符合該句中reopened and revitalized及下句中的reawakened controversies （重新引起爭(zhēng)論），故C為正確答案。
34.C第3段第2句說(shuō)雇主對(duì)失業(yè)的促成作用……往往被忽視（句中in the main意為“基本上；大體上”）。C項(xiàng)恰合此意，為正確答案。A項(xiàng)，文中無(wú)此說(shuō)法。B項(xiàng)是對(duì)失業(yè)者的不正當(dāng)指責(zé)。D項(xiàng)是一些critics （批評(píng)家）的說(shuō)法，而非作者的意見(jiàn)。
35.D此文末段第2句中not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the State“工作不僅是工人對(duì)社會(huì)應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，而且國(guó)家應(yīng)保證工人能夠工作著”，表明D項(xiàng)說(shuō)法正確。A、B兩項(xiàng)文中未提。C項(xiàng)只是論據(jù)之一。
Text 4
詞語(yǔ)注釋
anticipate v.預(yù)期、期望reinvest v.再投資于
lobster n.龍蝦bankrupt n.破產(chǎn)
analogy n.類(lèi)似，相似desperately adv.危急地，絕望地
文章概要
Para.1創(chuàng)新對(duì)于成功商人延續(xù)其成功至關(guān)重要。
Para.2以比爾蓋茨為例，說(shuō)明創(chuàng)新意識(shí)的重要性。
Para.3以Coleco公司為例，說(shuō)明因循守舊的危害。
Para.4 3M公司的成功就在于它的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)。
Para.5文中用蝦來(lái)喻人，告誡人們悠哉游哉的日子容易使人意識(shí)混沌和麻木，看不到潛在的危機(jī)，倒不如處在一個(gè)艱難的環(huán)境中，立即采取行動(dòng)改變現(xiàn)狀。
答案點(diǎn)評(píng)
36.B英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)to keep one's head above water意為“使自己免遭滅頂之災(zāi)”，結(jié)合本文的的意境為“免于負(fù)債”之意，即to keep out of financial difficulty.
37.D見(jiàn)原文第三段最后兩句，“I don't think anyone can say with a straight face that any technology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft, not Compaq, not Dell, take any of your favorites. And that's totally honest.”蓋茨認(rèn)為任何一個(gè)技術(shù)公司，包括英特爾、康柏、戴爾都在努力維持和確保自身的地位。而微軟的市場(chǎng)地位將來(lái)勢(shì)必受到威脅和沖擊。
38.C見(jiàn)原文第四段：“they became complacent and didn't create any new toys worth mentioning. As a result, Coleco went bankrupt in 1998.”作者以Coleco公司為例，指出“故步自封和因循守舊必將使一個(gè)企業(yè)走向毀滅”。
39.C見(jiàn)原文第五段：The 3M company has a 15% rule: Employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing new ideas on any project they desire.作者認(rèn)為3M公司的成功在于它的“15%原則”，即“創(chuàng)新意識(shí)”。
40.D見(jiàn)原文末句：It realizes instantly that it's in a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status.
Part B
答案解析
41.C上文提到，因?yàn)閼卸枧c懦弱，人們甘愿不成熟，被保護(hù)。C項(xiàng)正是對(duì)此展開(kāi)的論述，舉出一些例子指出其具體表現(xiàn)。
42.E上文提到，事實(shí)上這種危險(xiǎn)并不那么可怕，因?yàn)樵诘箮状魏笏麄兒芸赡芫蛯W(xué)會(huì)了走路。而E項(xiàng)順承此意說(shuō)道，但是這種失敗的例子使人們望而生畏，不敢做進(jìn)一步嘗試�！斑@種挫敗的例子”指的就是上文的跌倒。
43.G這一段講的是isolated individual即孤立的個(gè)人脫離不成熟狀態(tài)的困難性。G項(xiàng)是對(duì)本段做的結(jié)論，即只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)人能成功逃離不成熟狀態(tài)。a few與individual相照應(yīng)。
44.B由下文的For可知，下文是對(duì)空白處的解釋。下文說(shuō)總會(huì)有一些獨(dú)立思考的人在自己擺脫了不成熟狀態(tài)后會(huì)向周?chē)鷤鞑ヒ环N精神。由此可判斷公眾的啟蒙是相對(duì)容易的。
45.A下文提到革命不能帶來(lái)思想狀態(tài)的真正革新，新的偏見(jiàn)還會(huì)產(chǎn)生。于是可判斷本段首句的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是公眾的啟蒙只能是緩慢的。
文章大意：本文選自康德的《什么是啟蒙》，本文指出了啟蒙的含義，必要性、方法等等。康德主張每一個(gè)人運(yùn)用自己的理性對(duì)一切問(wèn)題進(jìn)行公開(kāi)的、自由的探究。
Part C
參考譯文
46.確實(shí)許多任務(wù)都是由電腦完成的，如果沒(méi)有電腦，這些任務(wù)是無(wú)法完成的。我們現(xiàn)在已達(dá)到電腦化的程度，因而人們認(rèn)為電腦化必定會(huì)帶來(lái)好處。
47.最明顯的答案是：由于（使用電腦）效率提高，所需要的人已減少，失業(yè)人數(shù)、特別是服務(wù)行業(yè)失業(yè)的人數(shù)將會(huì)大幅度的提高，并且以后還會(huì)有更多的人失業(yè)。
48.在許多情況下，能迅速引進(jìn)手工操作系統(tǒng)，以保證商業(yè)的某種連續(xù)性。但在許多情況下，如果電腦失靈，商業(yè)也就隨之陷入癱瘓狀態(tài)。
49.最初，問(wèn)題是偷盜個(gè)人電腦，由于大部分電腦是安裝在辦公室里，而過(guò)去盜賊沒(méi)有把辦公室當(dāng)做偷盜目標(biāo)，因此相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)那里的安全防范措施稍差，導(dǎo)致?lián)p失迅速增大。
50.但是罪犯?jìng)兒芸煲庾R(shí)到電腦的真正價(jià)值在于芯片（集成電路板），芯片非常易于隨身攜帶，而且不易分辨，所以甚至在（賊）被抓住后，警察也難以證明這是偷來(lái)的。
Section Ⅲ Writing
參考作文
51.
Sir,
I'm writing to you for the walkman I bought from your corporation a month ago. There's something wrong with it. It can't work. The electric power is on, but the wheel doesn't move. It is not supposed to be broken down in such a short time after it was bought.
Since the walkman is only bought for a month, the half a year warranty is still available. So I post the walkman to you in the hope of getting it repaired.
Enclosed is the invoice and the warranty. There is also a name card with my telephone number and address on. If any questions, contact me please. Thank you.
Sincerely yours, John Smith
May 9th, 2004
52.
Competition and Cooperation
Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life. You can find it everywhere. At the same time you can also see cooperation here and there.
Competition is one of the motives of the constant development of the mankind. The pressure of competition can force a man to try his best and then he could do things better and better. On the contrary if one has no opponent, he will begin to be lazy and lose the energy of working hard to make progress. So the mankind couldn't develop without competition. But there are many difficulties in the long way of development. In some cases a man is very hard to conquer those difficulties. So pure and exclusive competition leads to failure. It will be much easier to solve them if many people get together. The importance of cooperation just lies on it. If we ignore the needs of cooperation and just do things separately, we also would not be able to obtain our goals.
Competition and cooperation are both necessary to the mankind. Competition will make us be always active to create. Cooperation gives us the possibility of conquering the great troubles. Only competition together with cooperation can help us to become better all the time.
