查看：2014年考研英語重難點(diǎn)句型解析匯總

 　　對于考研英語重難點(diǎn)的長難句的學(xué)習(xí)，在熟練掌握常見的語法知識的基礎(chǔ)上，考研語法側(cè)重在具備充分語境的情況下，有意義地去解析完形填空、閱讀理解、翻譯等各類題型中出現(xiàn)的長句、難句和某些罕見的語法現(xiàn)象。

　　分隔結(jié)構(gòu)

　　【難句】1. Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs very little—around $2, down from $20 in 2001—but allows the manufacturer to increase the price of the handset by far more, and opens up a new market for high-margin accessories. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句是典型的破折號分隔。首先以連詞為切入點(diǎn)，得到Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs…but allows…, and opens up…，介詞短語around $2, down from $20 in 2001充當(dāng)?shù)姆指舫煞肿魃衔腸osts very little的具體解釋說明，分隔了前兩個(gè)并列的謂語。

　　【參考譯文】 在手機(jī)里添加一個(gè)藍(lán)牙芯片的成本很低——從2001年時(shí)的20美元下降到2美元左右——但是可以允許制造者提高遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高出這個(gè)的價(jià)格，并且打開了一個(gè)高利潤附件的市場。

　　【難句】2. It was refreshing, across the age groups of the children I met, to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句使用了兩處分隔，均由逗號表現(xiàn)。第一處分隔across the age groups of the children I met,分隔了主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特殊形式，即形容詞+to do作表語。去掉分隔部分，我們得到It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives。這里我們注意到see后面的賓語由兩個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)：how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how…清晰看到第二處分隔為介賓短語with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me作的伴隨狀語。去掉分隔，得到It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives，即由and并列的兩個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在第二個(gè)從句中，謂語say后仍然是由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句how relevant they were to their daily lives充當(dāng)賓語。在翻譯時(shí)，我們可將兩個(gè)分隔部分所作的狀語提前。

　　【參考譯文】 在我所見到的同年齡段的孩子們中，在我和他們的老師只給了一點(diǎn)兒提示的情況下，見證他們?nèi)绾慰焖俚仡I(lǐng)會人權(quán)的整體觀念，如何認(rèn)識到人權(quán)與他們的生活密切相關(guān)，這一點(diǎn)是非常讓人興奮的。

　　【難句】3. What was interesting was how quickly, by using relevant and local examples where possible, the pupils cottoned on to how the interplay of rights and responsibilities could affect their lives, and so became active and engaged participants in the classroom debates. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句體現(xiàn)了逗號分隔。主語部分由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)，what在從句中作主語。表語由how引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)，被插入的方式狀語by using relevant and local examples where possible分隔。去掉分隔，我們連接為What was interesting was how quickly the pupils cottoned on to how the interplay of rights and responsibilities could affect their lives, and so became active and engaged participants in the classroom debates。注意表語從句由and so連接了兩個(gè)謂語cottoned on(理解)和became active and engaged participants，并且cottoned on to(理解)后的賓語也由how引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)。在翻譯時(shí)，我們?nèi)匀粚⒎指舨糠炙�作的狀語提前。

　　【參考譯文】 有意思的是，通過講述可能發(fā)生在身邊與自己息息相關(guān)的例子，學(xué)生們很快地理解了權(quán)利與責(zé)任間的相互作用是怎樣影響他們的生活，然后更積極主動(dòng)地參加課堂討論。

　　【難句】4. It is only when the environment demands our attention—a dog barks, a child cries, a telephone rings—that our mental time machines switch themselves off and deposit us with a bump in the here and now. (Time Jan. 19, 2007)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句是破折號分隔。分隔部分a dog barks, a child cries, a telephone rings分隔了原本的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is only when the environment demands our attention that our mental time machines switch themselves off and deposit us with a bump in the here and now。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示時(shí)間。分隔部分由三個(gè)并列的名詞短語構(gòu)成，舉例說明前文the environment的具體情況。

　　【參考譯文】 只有在環(huán)境需要我們的注意的時(shí)候——狗在吠，孩子哭，電話鈴響——我們的精神時(shí)間機(jī)制才會自動(dòng)關(guān)閉，且讓我們在此時(shí)此地受到一擊。

　　【難句】5. Nokia, which has made emerging markets a priority, continues to introduce low-cost phones designed for markets where many users do not have access to reliable electricity, and may not even be able to read. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句是逗號分隔，體現(xiàn)為非限制性定語從句。which has made emerging markets a priority分隔了主謂部分，去掉分隔，得到Nokia continues to introduce low�瞔ost phones designed for markets where many users do not have access to reliable electricity, and may not even be able to read。我們注意到markets后是一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句where many users do not have access to reliable electricity，and may not even be able to read，where在從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于in which。在翻譯時(shí)，我們根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣，將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)譯為全句的狀語，并根據(jù)其使用了完成時(shí)態(tài)翻譯為“……后”。

　　【參考譯文】 在新興市場中取得了優(yōu)先地位后，諾基亞繼續(xù)引進(jìn)低成本的手機(jī)，這些手機(jī)是針對不能獲得可靠電力甚至可能是不識字的使用者構(gòu)成的市場而設(shè)計(jì)的。