1.前置定語(yǔ)

　　98年 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句. But even more important是整個(gè)句子的狀語(yǔ)，it was the farthest是主句，that scientists had been able to look into the past是修飾the farthest的定語(yǔ)從句，for引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句(參見(jiàn)1995年71題)，在這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句中，what they were seeing是主語(yǔ)從句，were the patterns and structures是狀語(yǔ)從句中的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，that existed…是修飾名詞patterns and structures的定語(yǔ)從句。

　　譯文： 但更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家們所能觀察到的比較遙遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去的景象，因?yàn)樗麄兛吹降氖?50億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　02年 64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是由兩個(gè)并列的分句構(gòu)成的：They are…, and they are;in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾practices，其中is held responsible for … and given credit for …并列做定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，given前面省略了助動(dòng)詞is。

　　譯文： 自由和尊嚴(yán)(它們)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的，是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績(jī)而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

　　它們(自由和尊嚴(yán))對(duì)于那種要求個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因?yàn)槠錁I(yè)績(jī)而受到贊揚(yáng)的做法來(lái)說(shuō)，是必不可少的。

　　2.獨(dú)立成句

　　當(dāng)譯成前置定語(yǔ)會(huì)使句子變得臃腫，妨礙理解的時(shí)候，比較好讓其獨(dú)立成句。

　　94(72)"In short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."

　　新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說(shuō)：“簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們所稱(chēng)謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無(wú)所不及。”

　　contend堅(jiān)決主張,聲稱(chēng)[Y][+(that)]

　　The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.

　　警察強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)他們面臨的困難太嚴(yán)重了。

　　He left his job largely because he was homesick..他辭職不干主要是因?yàn)樗�想家�?/p>

　　We have countless reasons against his plan.我們有舉不勝舉的理由反對(duì)他的計(jì)劃。

　　96 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+同位語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ)the specific demands +定語(yǔ)從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment+謂語(yǔ)cannot generally be foreseen in detail)

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)試譯：這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論：……

　　譯文：這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府要向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無(wú)法詳盡預(yù)見(jiàn)的。

　　注意：不要將when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句相混淆，當(dāng)然也就不能when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成“當(dāng)… 時(shí)候”。When引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句前面一般是表示時(shí)間的詞作為先行詞，如果是過(guò)去時(shí)，when譯成“其時(shí)、屆時(shí)”“當(dāng)時(shí)”“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”，如果是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，則譯成“到時(shí)”“屆時(shí)”，有時(shí)候還可以譯成“然后”“隨后”。

　　The Queen will visit the small town in April, when she will open the new hospital.

　　女王將于四月訪問(wèn)小鎮(zhèn)，到時(shí)，她將主持這家新醫(yī)院的開(kāi)業(yè)儀式。

　　I expect to stay here no more than two days, when I shall return.

　　我預(yù)計(jì)在那兒呆兩天，隨后就回來(lái)。

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