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海文考研:2010年考研英語真題答案及詳解

來源:萬學(xué)海文 時間:2010-01-18 10:54:54

Section I Use of English

  1.A

  解析:A項(xiàng) affect 意思是“影響,感動”; B項(xiàng) achieve意思是“達(dá)成,完成”; C項(xiàng)extract意思是“提取,榨出”;D項(xiàng)restore是“恢復(fù),重建”. 這句話的意思是:他們想通過實(shí)驗(yàn)探究車間照明是如何影響工人的生產(chǎn)率的,所以答案是A。

  2.B

  解析:本題考查了固定短語end up 的用法,end up 意思是“比較終成為……”,end 和其它三個介詞的搭配都無此意,故選B。

  3.C

  解析:本句的大意為:研究比較終總結(jié)為一個極具影響力的概念—“霍桑效應(yīng)”,也正是實(shí)驗(yàn)所研究的行為改變了工人們的表現(xiàn)。所以這里應(yīng)選擇C。

  4.B

  解析:作者這里表達(dá)的意思是這個問題之所以引起大家的注意是因?yàn)楣S女工的行為令人費(fèi)解。四個選項(xiàng)中perplexing意為“令人費(fèi)解的”,所以正確答案為B。

  5.C

  解析:本句的含義是:根據(jù)研究描述,當(dāng)照明燈變亮或變暗時,工人的時產(chǎn)量就會提高。四個選項(xiàng)中有描述含義的是C項(xiàng) accounts。

  6.B

  解析:這句話的意思是:實(shí)驗(yàn)中做什么并不重要。 Do not matter 固定表達(dá),故選B。

  7.D

  解析:考查so long as 短語,意思是“只有”,句子意思是:只要有改變,生產(chǎn)率就會上升。

  8.A

  解析:A項(xiàng)awareness 意思是“意識”,B項(xiàng)expectation意為“期望”,C項(xiàng)sentiment 意為“”觀點(diǎn),意見,D項(xiàng)illusion 為“幻覺”,本句的大意是說:工人知到自己本身是被研究對象-這一意識就足以改變他們的行為。所以選A。

  9.C

  解析:見第8題解析。

  10.D

  解析:見第8題解析。

  11.C

  解析:be subjected to表示“服從于,與……一致’,為固定短語。

  12.A

  解析:contrary to表示“與…相反“。根據(jù)語境提示,空白處需要填寫一個能表示轉(zhuǎn)折意味的鏈接詞。

  13.A

  解析:只有evidence一詞可與found呼應(yīng),表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到證據(jù)”。

  14.D

  misleading“欺騙性,誤導(dǎo)性的”,意思上來看,符合語境所表達(dá)的意思。

  15.B

  解析:for example與上句呼應(yīng),舉例說明問題。

  16.A

  解析:duly表示“準(zhǔn)時地,在同一個時間地”,填入句中后意思表達(dá)更精確。

  17.D

  解析:與前句duly rose呼應(yīng),遞進(jìn)說明問題,故應(yīng)選continue。

  18.C

  解析:此句意思與上句相反,說明另一種情況,故應(yīng)使用轉(zhuǎn)折詞but。

  19.B

  解析:tend to do“傾向于做某事”,說明一種常規(guī)的事實(shí)。

  20.D

  解析:hit 能與a plateau搭配,意為“到達(dá)高地,觸及頂點(diǎn)”,句意才符合語境。

  Section II Reading Comprehension

  Part A

  Text 1

  21.B

  22.A

  23.C

  24.A

  25.B

  Text 2

  26.C

  解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問及商業(yè)專利方法在比較近引起關(guān)注的原因是是什么,解答本題應(yīng)定位二段首句并結(jié)合一段的主旨要義。二段首句指出“國家比較高專利法庭準(zhǔn)備對商業(yè)方法專利進(jìn)行縮減,這引起了了爭議。”一段主要提及在過去10年商業(yè)方法授予了成千上萬的專利。由此可見,選項(xiàng)C是對原文的同義置換故為正確答案。

  27.B

  解析:推理判斷題。文章在二段提及Bilski case,在四段提及對Bilski case的結(jié)論性說明,在四段中針對Bilski case,聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)表了不同尋常的法令,而四段末句提到該法令引起對“state street Bank ruling”的是否重新考慮,由此可知B為正確答案。

  28.C

  解析:詞匯短語題。含有該詞的句子起到承前啟后作用,解答本題應(yīng)結(jié)合二段主旨及三段because后的句意來解題,二段提及“國家比較高專利法庭準(zhǔn)備對商業(yè)方法專利進(jìn)行縮減”,而三段提及introduced such patents…, approving a patent…,由此可知,宣稱對商業(yè)方法的控制將會有巨大的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變,故C正確。

  29.B

  解析:推論題。結(jié)合倒數(shù)二段二句及末段首句可知B符合文意。此題用排除法比較為便利。文章的比較后兩段未提到ACD的內(nèi)容。而B項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合“that too many patents were being upheld”,同時B 選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合文章的中心。

  30.A

  解析:主旨題。文章首段提到“過去10年”,而二段首句轉(zhuǎn)到“Now”,文章的此脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)可知“ A looming threat”可統(tǒng)領(lǐng)文意,此外文章二至四段,主要談及聯(lián)邦巡講對“business-method patents”的立場變化,故A為正確答案。

  Text 3

  31.B

  解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。文章提到Tipping Point真本書描述社會流行風(fēng)潮是由一小部分名人引起的,然而,筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)在首段末又說“it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread”.進(jìn)而引出作者對名人傳播想法功能的討論。由此B選項(xiàng)正確。而A、C、D 均不是作者要討論的問題。

  32.D

  解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段首句 “the supposed…plausible sounding but largely untested theory..”以及末句“…only certain special people can drive trends”充分說明這種理論證據(jù)不夠充足。而D選項(xiàng)正確的反應(yīng)了文中的內(nèi)容。

  33.A

  解析:根據(jù)題干,線索大致定位到第三段,但是第三段并沒有清晰的找到題解,而接下來的第四段清晰的反應(yīng)出了社會互動所產(chǎn)生的巨大影響這一內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)充分的表明了這一點(diǎn)。

  34.C

  解析:根據(jù)題干,線索定位到第四段。同過分析這個短語所在的句子,“For a social epidemic…;just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with…”此句主要表明人們是如何被別人影響進(jìn)而又去影響別人的。而C選項(xiàng)恰是對這一點(diǎn)的正確表述。

  35.C

  解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干,線索定位到比較后一段,從“…relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be…”這句話中能夠得知社會影響動力因素包括人們影響別人的能力包括被別人影響的傾向性。而C選項(xiàng)充分的體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。

  Text 4

  36.A

  解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。答案意為“遵循不利的資產(chǎn)評估準(zhǔn)則”。

  由題干中的 “Bankers complained” 和 “force”定位于第一段第三行 “Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.” 該句核心詞為rules,四個答案中只有A選項(xiàng)包含。

  37.A

  解析:推理引申題。答案意為“管理的作用的逐漸消失”。根據(jù)題干中的專有名詞FASB定位于第三段。第一句提到FASB經(jīng)過努力使國會通過了一些變革,這些變革賦予了銀行更多的權(quán)利,也就是說對銀行的管理更為松散,所以答案為“管理的作用的逐漸消失”。

  38.C

  解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。答案意為“獨(dú)立自主的制定法規(guī)”。根據(jù)題干中的 “McCreevy objects to”定位到第五段。第五段提到立即根據(jù)美國的變化做出一樣的反應(yīng),歐洲的各界人士對此的反對十分強(qiáng)烈,引用McCreevy的話是為了說明這一點(diǎn):歐洲要對這個問題有自己獨(dú)立的法律法規(guī)。

  39.C

  解析:句意題。答案意為“忽視了壞賬存在的極大可能性”。根據(jù)題干的信息定位到第六段Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.批判銀行一味的夸大“that market prices overstate losses”,而忽視了“the likely extent of bad debts”。

  40.D

  解析:情感態(tài)度題。文章討論了銀行針對“standard-setters”的敵意行為,特別是文章比較后一段更是明確的表明了作者對“standard-setters”的同情。

  Part B

  41.B

  解析:本題需要找出文章的首段,可用排除法做。首先A 選項(xiàng)中提到“the first and more important…”中的 “more” 應(yīng)該在前文中提到,故排除。B選項(xiàng)首句就提出了歐洲食品零售所面臨的問題,根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)法:提出問題—分析問題—解決問題,此段符合首段要求,即提出了文章的中心問題,而且本選項(xiàng)中也沒有明顯的需要和上文銜接的關(guān)系詞,而其它選項(xiàng)都有明顯的與上文銜接的信息詞,不能在首段出現(xiàn),故B為正確答案。

  42.F

  解析:首段一旦確定,本段內(nèi)容便可根據(jù)上文順藤摸瓜,第一段比較后一句話“but”后指出了雖然食品零售商面臨著“at a standstill (幾乎停止發(fā)展)”的問題,他們卻忽略了一個潛在的市場即他們身邊的 “wholesale food and trade(食品批發(fā)市場)”。而F 選項(xiàng)首句便舉例說明法國、德國、意大利等國家的食品批發(fā)產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場規(guī)模比食品零售產(chǎn)業(yè)要大40%。而且在“moreover”后又進(jìn)一步說明批發(fā)的利潤大零售很多。因此可以判斷此選項(xiàng)是對第一段的例證說明。其中 “for example” 是明顯的信息提示詞。

  43.D

  解析:上段介紹了食品批發(fā)商的優(yōu)勢,而D選項(xiàng)第一句“All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which…” 則對上文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),其中all in all 是較明顯的信息提示詞,即上文中提到的食品批發(fā)的優(yōu)勢推出這是明顯對于 “big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling”是一個“market”。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

  44.G

  解析:上段比較后一句提出的“particular abilities” 以及“new skills and unfamiliar business models are needed.” , 即零售商需要新的技能及不熟悉的商業(yè)模式。而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到的 “these requirements(這些要求)”正是指上文所提到的技能。

  45.A

  解析:此題可以用排除法做,所剩下的選項(xiàng)只有A和C,需要注意的是本題并沒有明顯的信息詞,所以需要閱讀選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)而找出正確答案。此題前文的已知段落E選項(xiàng)中比較后一句“two opposing trends”在A選項(xiàng)中得到了體現(xiàn),即一方面由于人們選擇在外就餐而擴(kuò)大了食品批發(fā)的需求,而另一方面人們又開始感到“anxious(焦慮)”。而C選項(xiàng)第一句提到的“such variations”在上文中并沒有得到體現(xiàn),因此可以斷定A為正確答案。

  Part C

  46. Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

  解析:句子的主干是“scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence”,后接that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句修飾that從句。to the effect that大意是,意思是; fail to 未能; jump to立即,趕快 the rescue營救,援救,解救。

  參考譯文:科學(xué)家們立即拿出某些明顯站不住腳的證據(jù)前來救駕,大致說的是如果鳥兒不能控制害蟲的話,害蟲就會把我們吃掉。

  47. but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

  解析:句子主干we have drawn near the point。介詞短語of admitting that...作定語修飾point。其中嵌套了that從句作admit的賓語從句。regardless of...作讓步狀語。a matter of .....的問題,大約;draw near 接近,靠近;intrinsic right天生的權(quán)利,固有的權(quán)利;economic advantage經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢。

  參考譯文:但是我們至少已經(jīng)幾乎承認(rèn)了這樣一種觀點(diǎn):不管鳥類對我們是否有經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,生存都是它們的固有權(quán)利。

  48. Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species.

  解析:主干time was when...。when引導(dǎo)了表語從句。Time was when可看作固定短語,譯為“從前,曾經(jīng)”。注意兩個并列同位語從句的翻譯。

  參考譯文:曾幾何時,生物學(xué)家總是重述以下的這條證據(jù):這些生物通過捕食弱小的動物去維持生物鏈的正常運(yùn)行,或它們只是去捕食“沒有價值的物種”。

  49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.

  解析:句子的主體是“the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community”,包含被動語態(tài)。句子開頭是一個where引導(dǎo)的定語從句,to be preserved是修飾noncommercial tree species的成分。Within reason合情合理的,理智的。注意被動語態(tài)的處理。

  參考譯文:歐洲的林業(yè)從生態(tài)上講較為先進(jìn),它把沒有成為商業(yè)化對象的樹種視為原始森林群落的成員而適當(dāng)?shù)丶右员Wo(hù)。

  50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

  解析:句子主干“It tends to ignore many elements”;兩個that從句意思上轉(zhuǎn)折,句法上為并列的定語從句,修飾the land community。注意插入語、定語從句以及代詞指代的處理。

  參考譯文:這一體系容易忽視并比較終消滅很多缺乏商業(yè)價值的物種,然而這些物種對于整個生物群落的健康運(yùn)行是至關(guān)重要的。

  Section III Writing

  51.小作文

  以研究生會的名義寫一封通知,通知的內(nèi)容是為全球一體化的國際會議招募志愿者,這個通知必須包aa括申請者的基本職位要求及你認(rèn)為相關(guān)的其他信息。寫100個字左右,不要在通知末尾寫你自己的名字,用“Postgraduates’Association”代替。

  審題謀篇:

  本次小作文考察“通知”這一事務(wù)公文,“通知”的目的在于督促對方參加活動,具體來講,是招募志愿者。結(jié)構(gòu)上,只需寫題目,正文,署名以及時間即可。語言上,語言應(yīng)直截了當(dāng),簡潔明了,可適當(dāng)使用被動句表達(dá)。內(nèi)容上,題目要求寫招募職位,以及相關(guān)信息。關(guān)于職位,可寫涉及前臺接待、會場指引、乘車指引、英文翻譯等服務(wù)的崗位。此外,還可以對志愿者提出要求,志愿者應(yīng)該工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)、積極主動,具有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神的,另外還需要溝通能力強(qiáng),具有較好的英語口語和聽力水平等。其他相關(guān)信息,可以提及會議時間,地點(diǎn),將怎樣安排志愿者等。

  參考范文一:

  Notice

  Volunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration are wanted. Anyone who is in good command of English and experienced in cross-cultural communication are expected to take part in this activity. The major task for this position are as follows: to begin with, to propaganda the theme of globalization to people all over the world; in addition, to provide E-C interpretation service to those representatives of the international conference, aiming at facilitating the process of the meeting; at last, you should be strictly available according to the time schedule of the conference. Those who are interested in this post are cordially welcome!

  Postgraduates’ Association

  Jan. 9th, 2010

  參考范文二:

  Notice

  The International Conference of Global Integration will be held on September 23 at China Institute of International Studies, and twenty volunteers are wanted among the students in our school.

  The positions recruited include receptionist, conference guider, transportation guider and English interpreter, and the volunteers are requested to speak fluent English and are expected to be active, open-minded and conscientious. All the volunteers will be trained for 5 days before the conference and provided with free transportation and meal.

  For those who are interested in taking part in the activity, please send your resume to the email address: [email protected] before September 1.

  Postgraduates’ Association

  Jan. 9th, 2010

  參考范文三:

  Announcement

  Postgraduates’ Association is recently looking for Volunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration. Applicants should be currently studying at the university, and should preferably have the experience of being a part-time volunteer in several international events.

  The successful applicant will be expected to propaganda the theme of globalization in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August. Fair pay for the position is available and will be based on your experience.

  If you are interested, please send your resume to the following email: [email protected] before September 1st.

  Postgraduates’ Association

  Jan. 9th, 2010

  52.大作文

  Directions:

  Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

  1) describe the drawing briefly,

  2) explain its intended meaning, and then

  3) give your comments on the phenomenon.

  You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20points)

  審題謀篇:

  本題為圖畫作文,圖片上是一個熱氣騰騰的火鍋,里面包括著諸如“儒學(xué)”,“解構(gòu)”,“人本”,“莎士比亞”,“功夫”等中西文化標(biāo)志詞。下面有一行注釋。在審題構(gòu)思時應(yīng)該注意:把握好這幅圖的象征寓意。火鍋中包含著各種各樣的文化元素,代表了不同文化的和諧融合,民族的文化可以成為世界的,這一趨勢對人類發(fā)展是有利的。由此可見,本次作文的主題是文化融合。

  提綱包括兩點(diǎn),一是描述圖片并解釋含義,二是對此現(xiàn)象作出評論。文章也可分為三段,第一段:描述圖畫,描述圖片中的各類文化元素。可能用到的詞匯是literature,(文學(xué)) moral values(道德價值)performing arts(表演藝術(shù))等。

  第二段:闡釋圖片含義。比較好在段首設(shè)置主題句,然后圍繞主題句展開。本圖片中所顯示的文化交流反映了兩方面的情況,中國文化對世界文化的滲透,中國的騰飛無疑使中國文化這顆世界文化中的瑰寶更加耀眼。另一方面,中國文化也逐漸受到其他國家文化的影響。

  第三段:對此現(xiàn)象做出評論。此評論部分可以提出建議,考慮背景及原因,或描述未來,預(yù)測未來,也可以講世界文化融合、交流是時代的潮流,同時還要保持和振興各族文化。

  參考范文:

  The enlightening picture portrays that a hot pot, with numerous ingredients in it, includes such domestic and alien cultures as literature, moral values and performing arts. It seems that the hot pot tastes very delicious because of the rich nutrition of the multi-cultural elements.

  Obviously, the picture characterizes the status quo of Chinese society in which Chinese and Western culture conflict with each other but also merge into a unique form to a certain degree. Since China has opened its door widely to the outside world, many people from different countries have been deeply fascinated by Chinese culture. They will accept and love the Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be well shared with foreign people, who have shown their enthusiasm towards China. Meanwhile, the Chinese people are also exposed to foreign cultures when more foreign people come to this oriental country. In this way people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire better understanding of each other and live peacefully in this world.

  In my opinion, the culture of any nation is a kind of precious heritage, and belongs to the whole mankind. With economic globalization, the blending of different cultures has become an inevitable trend of the time. No country is an isolated island, be it China or the western world. The clearer we grasp the current situation, the more it would be beneficial to the global villagers.

結(jié)束

特別聲明:①凡本網(wǎng)注明稿件來源為"原創(chuàng)"的,轉(zhuǎn)載必須注明"稿件來源:育路網(wǎng)",違者將依法追究責(zé)任;

②部分稿件來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán),請聯(lián)系我們溝通解決。

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