文都教育考研英語名師-王艦

　　解題理論分析：

　　名詞主體論---結(jié)構(gòu)決定論

　　名詞主體論：段落的主要內(nèi)容和大意體現(xiàn)在段落的主題句中，而且，句子的內(nèi)容體現(xiàn)在句子的主語、賓語主體上。因此，為了提高解題效率，考生可以通過句子的主語和賓語的名詞把握句子、段落或篇章的含義。即，名詞主體論。

　　結(jié)構(gòu)決定論：段落排序題的文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點與閱讀理解大體一致，一般來說，有六種相對固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。因此，在利用名詞主題論理解每個段落內(nèi)容之后，可以利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)，將段落準(zhǔn)確排序。

　　常見的文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序包含：

　　一. 議論文

　　1.議題---問題---原因---對策

　　2.議題---問題---對策---結(jié)論(未來)

　　3.議題---問題---對策---結(jié)論(過去)

　　4.反面話題---駁斥觀點---原因---觀點—展望未來

　　二. 說明文

　　1.積極事物---優(yōu)點---缺點---展望未來

　　2.消極事物---缺點---優(yōu)點---回顧過去

　　三. 敘事文

　　按照時間先后順序排序。包含時間，時態(tài)和動作。

　　解題步驟分析：

　　步驟一、理解給定的段落確定文章的文體與結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　理解給定的段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時包含段尾句)，重點關(guān)注動作內(nèi)容。

　　步驟二、理解供排序的段落確定段落的內(nèi)容方向。

　　理解供排序段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時包含段尾句)，重點關(guān)注動作內(nèi)容。

　　步驟三、按照文章結(jié)構(gòu)及段落內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確排序。

　　利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合以各個段落的內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確將段落排序。

　　解題實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)：

　　Directions：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A—E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　[A] “I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We’re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn’t — it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t much you can do about it.

　　[B] “Finally, I can’t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.

　　[C] “I’ve got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.

　　[D] “Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that’s not fair — too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.

　　[E] “The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.