1. Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie　have used the documents to extract case　histories， which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups （these attitudes include，but are not　　confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law）and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.
　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語 譯文：象勒羅伊。拉迪里（Le Roy Ladurie）一類的史學(xué)家利用這些文獻(xiàn)史料從中挖掘出某些個(gè)案史（case history）來，闡明了不同社會(huì)群體的態(tài)度（這些態(tài)度包括，但并非局限于，對犯罪和法律的態(tài)度），并揭示出當(dāng)局是如何執(zhí)行審判的。
　　大解釋：逗號以后的內(nèi)容都是修飾逗號以前的case history的。在which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句中有一個(gè)插入語(these attitudees includee, but are not confined to, attitudees toward crime and the law)，我們可以看到這個(gè)插入語中又套了一個(gè)插入語but not confined to。
　　意群訓(xùn)練：Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie　have used the documents to extract case　histories， which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups （these attitudes include，but are not　　confined to，attitudes toward crime and　the law）and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.
　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?
　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾
　　譯文：從文章中可以推斷出來，一個(gè)希望比較十五世紀(jì)以前一個(gè)十年的某個(gè)歐洲城市中的每千人的犯罪率與另外一個(gè)十年中的犯罪率的歷史學(xué)家將會(huì)被以下那種信息的提高所比較好的幫助？
　　解釋：句首的it是形式主語，其具體內(nèi)容是從that開始到句子結(jié)束的全部內(nèi)容。That從句中，主語a historyian之后修飾它的超長的定語從句是這個(gè)句子難以讀懂的原因。Compare crime rates with crime rates中間被修飾第一個(gè)crime rates的兩個(gè)修飾成分perthousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century分隔得很遠(yuǎn)。在with之后的第二個(gè)crime rates后面，省略了與前面重復(fù)的per thousand in a European city。
　　意群訓(xùn)練：It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?