內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介：

1、名詞性從句簡(jiǎn)介2、名詞性從句 難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化3、名詞性從句典型錯(cuò)誤4、走出名詞性從句的“誤區(qū)”5、名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納6、 1987---2006年高考試題中的名詞性從句

分析下列各句：

1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.

2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

3. Who let out the news remained unknown. = It remained unknown who let out the news.

4. Why he didn’t come here is not clear to anyone. = It is not clear to anyone why he didn’t come here.

5. Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

一．名詞性從句簡(jiǎn)介

1、主語(yǔ)從句

主語(yǔ)從句在從句中作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句可以位于句首，但常見(jiàn)的主語(yǔ)從句多放在句末，句首則用形式主語(yǔ)it。

注意：連詞that, whether在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，只起連接作用，不能省略。并且whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能用if代替。

注意：who, which, how, when, where, why在所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中可擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，不能省略�？梢杂眯问街髡Z(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)。

注意：who, whom, which, what等可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。此類(lèi)主語(yǔ)從句不能用it引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞在句中擔(dān)任句子成分，不能省略。

另外，有的“It …＋主語(yǔ)從句”已成為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

a. It is +名詞＋從句 It is a pity that we can’t go.

b. It is ＋形容詞＋從句 It is clear that Tom has returned.

c. It is ＋過(guò)去分詞＋從句 It is said / reported / believed / known …

主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況：

(1）It is said /reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ×

(2）It happens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ×

(3）It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. ×

(4）含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

Is that will rain in the evening likely? ×

(5) if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句

Does it matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

If she likes the present is not clear to me. ×

1．I don’t know what I was thinking of. I wonder if I might give you a necklace. .

2. I expect （that）I shall be back on Sunday.

3. He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.

4. I consider it necessary that he should do it again.

5. I don’t think he will see you. I don’t believe he will go.

6. We don’t expect he is coming. I don’t think he can do it, can he?

7. I don’t think he can do it, can he? I don’t think you are right, are you?

8. I insisted that he （should）do it at once. She suggested that the work （should）be finished at once.

9. The teacher is satisfied with what I said.

10. I’m afraid that I will be late. I’m glad that you passed the exam.

2、賓語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句是賓語(yǔ)從句

1） 作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)

在口語(yǔ)中，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常常省略。但兩個(gè)that從句并列時(shí)后邊的that一般不省略。

若有補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則賓語(yǔ)從句要放到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，在賓補(bǔ)前用形式賓語(yǔ)it.

在think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞之后，賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)的否定常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語(yǔ)上。如：

注：此種用法主句的主語(yǔ)必須是第一人稱(chēng)I或we. 而且它的反意疑問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞由從句的助動(dòng)詞來(lái)定。

在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建議，命令，要求的動(dòng)詞后，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：

2） 作介詞賓語(yǔ)

3） 作afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。

1. The rumour that there will be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.

2. They have no hope that he will recover.

3. I have no idea where they have gone.

4. Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.

比較：The news that our team won the game is true.

The news that you have heard isn’t true.

The news is that our team won the game.

3．同位語(yǔ)從句

如果擔(dān)任同位語(yǔ)的是個(gè)句子，則這個(gè)句子是同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句表示先行名詞的具體內(nèi)容，能跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞常見(jiàn)的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason等。

引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句常用連詞that，它在句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，沒(méi)有詞意。除that外，還有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等�？梢砸龑�(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句與先行名詞有時(shí)也可以分開(kāi)。

注：同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：

（1）同位語(yǔ)從句的先行名詞極為有限，而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞則不計(jì)其數(shù)。

（2）引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that在句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that則在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的wh一詞多具有疑問(wèn)意義，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的wh一詞則沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)意義。

（3）同位語(yǔ)從句與先行名詞是等同關(guān)系，一個(gè)具體，一個(gè)抽象，兩者�？梢赞D(zhuǎn)述為主表關(guān)系，而定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系。

（4）when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

when 和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，否則則為同位語(yǔ)從句。如：

They put forward the question where they could get the money.

This is the place where the accident happened.

1. The problem is where we can hold our meeting 問(wèn)題是我們可以在哪兒舉行會(huì)議。

2. It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都進(jìn)行得很順利。

3. The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed .

其原因是水的溫度低于所需要的溫度。

4. That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的東西。

4．表語(yǔ)從句

在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)之為表語(yǔ)從句。它常位于句中聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞或是起聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞作用的動(dòng)詞之后.

1. be, seem, look等動(dòng)詞后均可跟表語(yǔ)從句：

It seems that it is going to rain.

It looks as if it is going to rain.

2. as if, because 也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

It was because I got up late.

二、名詞性從句 難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化

1：表命令建議 的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句。

在order,(命令），suggestion, advice(建議）等的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即：”should+動(dòng)詞原形“，should �？墒　�

如：His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.

2.that.whether的區(qū)別: that 用于表示肯定的意義，而whether表疑問(wèn)。

I don’t doubt that he will win. (I’m sure)

It doesn’t matter

It makes no difference

It is uncertain

It is not made clear

It is still a question

It is not decided whether

It is to be found out

It is to be decided

I doubt/wonder/

have no idea/don’t know

3:名詞性從句皆用陳述語(yǔ)序。

I wonder how much this pair of shoes costs.

I want to know where you had put my pen.

時(shí)態(tài) :(與間接引語(yǔ)基本一致)

如果主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不變，但如果主句是過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)從句是客觀真理,定義、公理、定理時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

賓： I know he lives here.

He asked whether his father would come back.

The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.

表：That is what I was worried about two days ago.

It looked as if it was going to rain.

4:that 的省略

that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只起連接從句的作用,本身沒(méi)有任何意義,因此在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,它的使用須注意以下幾點(diǎn):

①主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中用that但不能省略。如：

That they are good at English is known to us all.

The problem is that we don’t have enough money.

She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.

②賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that有時(shí)可省有時(shí)又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：（A）當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有插入詞語(yǔ)或者從句主語(yǔ)之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略；（B）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省；（C）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省掉。如：

He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.

Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.

D.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為the reason時(shí),注意應(yīng)用that 引導(dǎo)其表語(yǔ)從句,不能受漢語(yǔ)影響而誤用because。例如:

The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他遲到的原因是他沒(méi)趕上早班車(chē).(此句中的that不可用because代替)

③that從句作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用it 來(lái)替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。

(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如：

It happened that I went out last night.

It is said that China will win in the World Cup.

that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)不可省略.如果it作形式主語(yǔ),而that從句置于句末, 這時(shí)that可以省略。例如:

That he has lost his work is not true. 他丟了工作不是真的。

=It is not true (that) he has lost his work.

5: who, whoever, whom和whomever

在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who,意思是"誰(shuí)",含有疑問(wèn)意味,whoever是它的強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)"無(wú)論誰(shuí)",不含有疑問(wèn)意味。表示…..的人，相當(dāng)于the person who,或anyone who

Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

注意區(qū)別：①疑問(wèn)詞 + ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的部分。如：

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.

You can choose whatever you like in the shop.

②疑問(wèn)詞 + ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Whatever you do, you must do it well.

( = No matter what you do, you must do it well.)

Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,

(=No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.)(讓步狀語(yǔ)，意為無(wú)論誰(shuí)）

③ no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom, 其相應(yīng)強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)為whomever。判別時(shí)要根據(jù)句意以及在句中的語(yǔ)法功能來(lái)決定該用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。例如:

Who has taken away my bag is unknown.誰(shuí)拿走了我的包還不知道。(若用Whoever顯然句意不通)

Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. 無(wú)論誰(shuí)想看這部電影今晚可以和我們一起去.(Whoever wants 相當(dāng)于Anybody who wants,意為"凡是想……的人"。這里不可換為Who。)

Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你們是否已經(jīng)決定提名誰(shuí)作候選人了?

You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票給任何你想給的人。

6：because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句

Because 可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但通常只用于”This/That/It i/was because…”結(jié)構(gòu)中

注意：在表語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)reason做主語(yǔ)時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用that,不能用because, 即the reason is that the reason (why…) is that如:

The reason was that he didn’t catch the early bus. 原因是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有趕上早班車(chē)。

The reason why he is absent from work is that he is seriously ill.

7: 注意what/ that/ which引導(dǎo)詞與定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別

what與which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)都在從句中充當(dāng)句子的某一成份,如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

what 表示泛指的事物,常譯為"什么"或"所……的事物",

what=all that, everything that在從句中作主，賓，表語(yǔ)。

I don’t believe what he said.(＝I don’t believe all that he said.)

whatever是它的強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)"無(wú)論什么"; 不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

E.g: I believe what (whatever) he says. 我相信他說(shuō)的(不管他說(shuō)什么我都相信)。

that在所有的名詞性從句中都不作任何成分。

That he is to take charge of our factory is already an open secret.

which表示特定事物中的"哪一個(gè)(些)",一般情況下在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),后接名詞,在一定的語(yǔ)境中,它所修飾的名詞可以省略,whichever是它的強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)"無(wú)論哪一個(gè)(些)"。 在名詞性從句中加上名詞做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) eg: I don’t know which answer is right.

•I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 這個(gè)書(shū)架上的(任何一本)書(shū),只要她喜歡,我都會(huì)給她。

在定語(yǔ)從句中，單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) eg: I see a film which was popular in the past.

that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不以當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒(méi)有任何含義；eg: I knew that I was wrong. 在定語(yǔ)從句中 作賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) eg: I get the very news that is important to me.

三、主語(yǔ)從句典型錯(cuò)誤

1：That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.

2: He will give up his job surprises all of us.

3:No matter who breaks the law will be punished.

4:If the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.

5: That worried her a bit that he couldn’t get in touch with her friend.

6: He is said he has gone to America.

表語(yǔ)從句典型錯(cuò)誤：

1：The reason why I was late was because I missed the train.

2: -----I rang you at about ten, but there is no reply.

---------Oh, that was probably why I was seeing the doctor.

3: The difficult we now meet with is if we can persuade him to tell the truth.

四、走出名詞性從句的“誤區(qū)”

誤區(qū)之一：混淆that 與what的用法

1. That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world. （ 誤 ）

What they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world. （ 正 ）

解析：that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)本身沒(méi)有意義，也不在句子中充當(dāng)句子成分；what則表示“什么”或“……的東西或事情”，在從句中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。本句中的what充當(dāng)discuss的賓語(yǔ)。

誤區(qū)二：混淆that與why的用法

2. Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years. （ 誤 ）

Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years. （ 正 ）

解析：why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或 reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that而不用because。Because也可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，常用于This / That is because…的句式中。

誤區(qū)三：混淆if與whether的用法

Whether可以用于所有的名詞從句中，if常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，兩者都不能省略。

3. If the famous scientist will come to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet.（ 誤 ）

Whether the famous scientist will come to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet. 正）

解析：if 與whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)經(jīng)�？梢曰�換。但在下列情況下常使用whether:

1. 從句中提出兩種選擇時(shí),或句中有or not時(shí)；

2. 作介詞時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)時(shí);

3. 從句提前時(shí);

4. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句以及同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；

5. 放在不定式前,與不定式組成詞組時(shí);

6. 作discuss等詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí);

e.g. He was not sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings

Whether he will come or not I don’t quite know.

We discussed whether we should close the shop.

She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.

1. I don’t know whether / if I can come. = I don’t know whether I can come or not.

2. We worried about whether he was in good health or not.

3. The question is whether you can do it yourself.

Whether they will win is all the same to me.

The question whether he should come himself or send another one hasn’t been decided.

4. I haven’t decided whether to go there or not.

誤區(qū)四: 遺漏連詞that

4. People in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much. （ 誤 ）

That people in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much. （ 正 ）

1. 賓語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí), 第一個(gè)that可以省略, 而其他的that常不可以省略。

e.g. I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us.

解析: that 在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常可省略,但在下列情況下常不可以省去:

2. That引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和主句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí).

3. 賓語(yǔ)從句為主從復(fù)合句且從句位于主句之前時(shí).

4. 介詞except, but, besides, in等后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí).

5. 當(dāng)it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。如：

E.g. We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.

We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.

6.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后緊接著作主語(yǔ)的that(或this)時(shí)，that 常不可省略。如：

e.g. Comrade Wang told me that that was why he was not a little tired.

He said that this was not his book, but his sister’s.

7. 當(dāng)when, who, what, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)的從句與that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的并列賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：

E.g. I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.

I’m sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.

8. that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。如：

E.g. That she ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.

That you could complete the project so soon I never thought.

誤區(qū)五：混淆no matter who/ what…與whoever / whatever…

5. No matter who destroys the forest will be punished.（ 誤 ）

Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ 正 ）

解析：whatever, whoever, whichever等一些連詞既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；而no matter who / what…只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句而不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。