選詞或搭配不當(dāng)

[誤]Peter is a warm-hearted person, so everybody likes to have friends with him.

[正]Peter is a warm-hearted person, so everybody lies to make friends with him.

[析]在理解英語(yǔ)詞匯時(shí)，不能僅停留在了解其字面意義上，而應(yīng)掌握內(nèi)在涵義。同時(shí)要熟悉它們的習(xí)慣搭配。平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)詞匯時(shí)，要仔細(xì)思考，勤查詞典，尤其要多記英語(yǔ)解釋，弄清它們的確切意思和用法，以免造成類似錯(cuò)誤。

[鞏固練習(xí)]

1) It only spends us 15 minutes to go to the park from the center of the city by bus.

2) I hope you to become a lawyer.

3) Mr Wang forgot his wallet in the classroom yesterday.

4) She will remember firmly what her teacher said and did.

5) Can you borrow me your dictionary?

6) I must keep your words in mind and work hard to raise my English.

7) John caught a bad cold, so he had to live in hospital.

8) I saw an animal this afternoon.

[答案]

1)spends→takes/ →We spend 15 minutes going to the park from the center of the city by bus.

2)→I hope that you will become a lawyer./ I wish you to become a lawyer.

3)forgot→left “遺忘某物在某處”不可用forget，應(yīng)用leave

4)firmly→clearly 漢語(yǔ)中可以講“牢牢記住”，但英語(yǔ)中firmly卻不可與remember搭配。常和remember搭配的副詞有clearly，perfectly，thoroughly等

5)borrow→lend6) raise→improve 7)live→stay live表示“在某處居住”，病人“住院”用stay

8)此句應(yīng)該用具體詞卻誤用了概括詞，應(yīng)將animal改為lion，tiger等

 邏輯錯(cuò)誤

[誤]Liu Hua is a kind-hearted girl; she will be successful in anything she tries.

[正]As she has a strong will and confidence in herself, Liu Hua may be successful in anything she tries.

[析]“一個(gè)心地善良的人能保證事事都能成功”這個(gè)推理不合理。“一個(gè)具有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志和信念的人可能會(huì)取得成功”這才合乎邏輯。在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，不少學(xué)生從語(yǔ)言角度考慮得多，而從邏輯角度考慮得少。因此，常常出現(xiàn)不少邏輯錯(cuò)誤。

[鞏固練習(xí)]

1) Americans are tall.

2) Every bird can fly.

3) She must be ill because I saw a doctor going into her room.

4) When I was going out, it began to rain.

5) The armymen had been marching all day and their uniforms were green.

6) I was born and grew up in the town of Yidu in 1953.

[答案]

1)→Many Americans are tall.2)→Most of the birds can fly.

3)→She must be ill, for I saw a doctor going into her room. because表直接原因，表示的原因和產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果有必然的因果關(guān)系。原句意思是：她生病是因?yàn)獒t(yī)生走進(jìn)了她的房間。這是不合邏輯的。改成for引起的分句是對(duì)前句作推測(cè)性解釋。

4)→I was going out when it began to rain. 我正要出門(mén)，這時(shí)天突然下起雨來(lái)。分析原句得出這一結(jié)論：天要在我準(zhǔn)備外出時(shí)下雨。 這是不符合邏輯的。

5)→The armymen had been marching all day, and their uniforms were dusty. 原句“行軍與軍衣顏色”邏輯上無(wú)必然聯(lián)系。

6)→I was born in 1953 and grew up in the town of Yidu. 原句時(shí)間概念不清。

 不合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣

[誤]The price of oil is more expensive than before.

[正]The price of oil is higher than before.

[析]英語(yǔ)中價(jià)格只有高低(high/ low)，商品才有貴賤(expensive/ cheap)。寫(xiě)作中，不少學(xué)生受漢語(yǔ)思維方式、表達(dá)習(xí)慣、文化習(xí)俗的影響，寫(xiě)出許多不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的句子。要避免此類錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生，平時(shí)訓(xùn)練就要多比較、歸納英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)方式上的差異。

[鞏固練習(xí)]

1) China’s population is the most in the world.

2) Zhang Hang studies in Jiangxi Province, Wanzai County, Kangle High School.

3) Li Ping has four classes in the morning. Afternoon has two classes.

4) Since the telephone was invented, people’s life has taken place great changes.

5) My parents both don’t like to go to the cinema, I also don’t.

6) Everywhere can see red flowers and green grass.

7) Today there are still some students don’t know how to use English dictionaries.

8) If use your head, this problem can be solved quickly.

9) Is your work busy?

10) Your student has gone to a work post.

11) It’s he suggested that I write to you.

12) Modern science technology development makes society great changes.

13) After graduated from Beijing University, my uncle became a teacher.

[答案]

1)→China’s population is the largest/ highest in the world.

2)→Zhang Hang studies in Kangle High School, Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province.

3)→Li Ping has four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.

4)→Since the telephone was invented, great changes have taken place in people’s life.

5)→Neither of my parents likes to go to the cinema. Nor do I.

6)→Everywhere you can see red flowers and green grass.

7)→Today some students still don’t know how to use English dictionaries.

8)→If you use your head, you can quickly solve this problem.

9)→Are you busy with your work?

10)→Your student has gone to work.

11)→It’s he who suggested that I (should) write to you.

12)→The development of modern science and technology has brought about great social changes.

13)→After graduating / he graduated from Beijing University, my uncle became a teacher.

 句子缺乏統(tǒng)一性

[誤]To control the birth rate in the world, scientists are looking for new sources of energy.

[正]To control the birth rate in the world, all the governments must take strict and effective measures.

[析]錯(cuò)句前后兩部分意思無(wú)關(guān)緊要，違背了統(tǒng)一性原則。統(tǒng)一性要求一個(gè)句子必須表達(dá)一個(gè)單一的完整思想。如果把不相連的思想放在同一句子里或一個(gè)句子表達(dá)的思想不完整，就破壞了句子統(tǒng)一性原則。

[鞏固練習(xí)]

1) Being an honest man, Mr Wang worked very hard.

2) Some television programs are harmful to children, so parents must be prevented from watching TV.

3) Henry was ill and it was the reason why he was absent so long.

4) My niece is not good at maths and seldom comes to see me, and she got married last week.

5) This mountain is six thousand feet high, and it is only four miles from the airport, and the field is not a very large one, but no plane has ever crashed on it.

[答案]

1)→Being an honest man, Mr Wang never tells a lie to his students.

2)→Some television programs are harmful to children, so parents must prevent their children from watching TV.

3)→The reason why Henry was absent so long was that he was ill./ Henry was absent for such a long time because he was ill. 不對(duì)等的意思不要用等立連詞。

4)→My niece got married last week. 過(guò)多的細(xì)節(jié)會(huì)使讀者抓不住主要思想。

5)→Although this mountain is six thousand feet high and only four miles from the small airport, no plane has ever crashed on it. 這里一系列并列句顯得很單調(diào)，表達(dá)不出彼此間的關(guān)系，破壞了統(tǒng)一性原則。

句子缺乏連貫性

連貫性是指句子無(wú)論長(zhǎng)短，在安排上要合乎邏輯，銜接自然，使句內(nèi)語(yǔ)義關(guān)系明確，讓人一目了然。學(xué)生習(xí)作中不連貫的句子主要包括垂懸修飾語(yǔ)、指代不清、未用過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)、非平行結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義不完整的分割短句等方面的錯(cuò)誤。

[誤]My best friend in high school was our English teacher. Her name was Gao Hui. She taught us English for three years.

[正]My best friend in high school was our English teacher, Gao Hui, who taught us English for three years.

[析]原句把一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的思想內(nèi)容各列成三個(gè)短句來(lái)表達(dá)，盡管這些句子語(yǔ)法正確，但不連貫，顯得乏力。

[鞏固練習(xí)]

1) Rose is in love with John, John is in love with Mary.

2) Tom wrote a quick note. It was to Nancy. She was his friend.

3) Speaking before a crowd of people for the first time, my knees shook.

4) She likes to play tennis and watching basketball games.

5) He told my brother that he was wrong.

6) Every university has many rules and regulations and they must obey all of them.

7) I returned to my room. There was a note under my book. It was from Jack. He said he was in the city looking for a job. He hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry not to have seen me.

[答案]

1)→Rose is in love with John, but John is in love with Mary.

2)→Tom wrote a quick note to Nancy, his friend.

3)→When I was speaking before a crowd of people for the first time, my knees shook. speaking的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致，產(chǎn)生“垂懸”修飾語(yǔ)。

4)→She likes playing tennis and watching basketball games. 兩個(gè)平行的思想to play tennis和watching basketball games用了不同的結(jié)構(gòu)，破壞了句子的連貫性。

5)→ “I am wrong,” he said to my brother./ He said to by brother, “You are wrong.”

6) they→the students, 代詞they無(wú)指代對(duì)象。

7)→When I returned to my room, I found a note from Jack under my book. He said he was in the city looking for a job, but he hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry not to have seen me. 此段出現(xiàn)了一連串的短句，這些短句提供的信息量小，語(yǔ)義支離破碎，缺乏連貫性。

 Chinglish(漢式英語(yǔ))錯(cuò)誤

許多學(xué)生在寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)作文時(shí)由于受漢語(yǔ)思維模式的影響，不知不覺(jué)地用漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式來(lái)表達(dá)自己的意思，寫(xiě)出的句子只有懂漢語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)老師才能意會(huì)。產(chǎn)生Chinglish的直接原因是很多學(xué)生把整個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)視為機(jī)械的word-for-word translation的過(guò)程，生搬硬套，久而久之，便養(yǎng)成了機(jī)械對(duì)應(yīng)的習(xí)慣，不會(huì)在特定的上下文中正確遣詞造句，選用句型，只會(huì)按漢語(yǔ)逐字逐句轉(zhuǎn)譯為英語(yǔ)。要減少漢式英語(yǔ)，必須做到：①盡量使自己養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)思維進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作的習(xí)慣，注意中西文化差異帶來(lái)的不同表達(dá)方式。②平時(shí)要?dú)w納總結(jié)、糾正漢式英語(yǔ)。③廣泛閱讀，多收聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)廣播、收看電視中的英語(yǔ)新聞節(jié)目等。

[鞏固練習(xí)]

1) My home has a dog.

2) They played very happily last night.

3) We find that to learn English well is difficult.

4) I think she can not swim.

5) Her age is very young.

6) We didn’t know evening had fallen.

7) He has a lot of students go to college.

8) Learn English well is not easy.

9) There are many teachers taught me English.

10) I very like English.

11) Though he was ill, but he went on working.

12) Because she is ill, so she is absent today.

13) He was married with Anna last month.

14) Have you suggested him to try again?

15) He has reached the age of going to school.

16) In winter it is colder in Changsha than Guangzhou.

17) It’s a good chance that the sky gave me.

18) All the students had started reading English before I did not get up.

19) Beijing rains much in August.

20) The hospital broke out a fire yesterday.

21) She at home.

22) This is Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang County, No.4 Middle School.

[答案]

1)→My family has a dog./ We keep a dog at home.

2)→They had a good time last night./ They enjoyed themselves very much last night.

3)→We find it difficult to learn English.

4)→I don’t think she can swim.

5)→She is very young.

6)→Evening came before we realized it.

7)→A lot of his students have gone to college.

8)→To learn/ Learning English well is not easy./ It’s not easy to learn English well.

9)→Many teachers have taught me English.

10)→I like English very much.

11)→Though he was ill, he went on working./ He was ill, but he went on working.

12)→Because she is ill, she is absent today./ She is ill, so she is absent today.

13)→He was married to Anna last month./ He married Anna last month.

14)→Have you suggested he try again?/ Have you suggested him trying again?

15)→He is old enough to go to school.

16)→In winter it is colder in Changsha than in Guangzhou.

17)→God gave me a good chance./ It’s really a good chance that God gave me.

18)→All the students had started reading English before I got up.

19)→It rains much in Beijing in August.

20)→A fire broke out at the hospital last night.

21)→She is at home now.

22)→This is No.4 Middle School , Jiujiang County, Jiangxi Province.

標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)誤用

書(shū)寫(xiě)英文句子時(shí)，不少學(xué)生常常誤用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是一種變相文字，是書(shū)面語(yǔ)不可缺少的重要手段，同學(xué)們平時(shí)要比較英漢標(biāo)點(diǎn)的差異，切莫等閑視之。

[誤]Li Ping isn’t old enough, he can not join the army.

[正]Li Ping isn’t old enough. He can not join the army./ Li Ping isn’t old enough; he can not join the army.

[析]此句犯了兩個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子用逗號(hào)斷開(kāi)的通病。

[鞏固練習(xí)]

1) Mr Yu reads 《China Daily》every day.

2) Some people prefer cooked food, others prefer fried food.

3) “I joined the League in 1989.” he said.

4) Walk along this road, and take the second turning on the left。

5) His parents ran to him and asked what had happened?

6) I like Chinese、maths、history and English.

7) John says Bill will fly to North Korea in the coming year. But I am not sure……

[答案]

1)去掉書(shū)名號(hào)。漢語(yǔ)中有書(shū)名號(hào)，但英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有。書(shū)寫(xiě)報(bào)刊、書(shū)名等時(shí)，常用報(bào)刊、書(shū)名的每個(gè)單詞首字母大寫(xiě)，且常在文中用斜體或在名稱下劃一橫線的形式表示。

2)此句為短句錯(cuò)誤，可在第二個(gè)分句前加上表對(duì)照的連詞while或?qū)⒕渲卸禾?hào)改為分號(hào)。

3)→“I joined the League in 1989,” he said. 直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句且放在插入語(yǔ)之前時(shí)，應(yīng)是逗號(hào)，不用句號(hào)。

4)空心圓點(diǎn)改為實(shí)心圓點(diǎn)。

5)句末問(wèn)號(hào)改為句號(hào)，因?yàn)榇藶殛愂鼍洹?/P>

6)把頓號(hào)改為逗號(hào)，英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有頓號(hào)。

7)→John says Bill will fly to North Korea in the coming year. But I am not sure… . 漢語(yǔ)用六個(gè)上下居中的點(diǎn)相連表示省略，英語(yǔ)用三個(gè)居右下方的點(diǎn)相連表省略，結(jié)尾用省略號(hào)時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)使用四個(gè)點(diǎn)，第四個(gè)是這句話的句號(hào)。