奶昔直播官方版-奶昔直播直播视频在线观看免费版下载-奶昔直播安卓版本免费安装

高一英語:復習知識點

2017-03-09 21:59:29 來源:精品學習網

   一. 直接引語和間接引語

  (一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內,間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。

  1. 時態(tài)的變化:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài),即把原來的時態(tài)向過去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時,現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時,等等。例如:

  Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

  →Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

  2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化: 根據(jù)意義進行相應的變化,例如:

  She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”

  →She asked Jack where he had been.

  He said,“These books are mine.”

  →He said that those books were his.

  (二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如:

  She said,“Is your father at home?”

  →She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

  “What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.

  →My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

  直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:

  She said to us,“Please sit down.”

  →She asked us to sit down.

  He said to him,“Go away!”

  →He ordered him to go away.

  He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

  →He told the boys not to make so much noise.

  二. 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)

  被動語態(tài)概述

  被動語態(tài)的概念:它是動詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.

  被動語態(tài)的構成

  被動語態(tài)的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下:

  1. 一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞

  例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.

  2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞

  例如:These trees were planted the year before last.

  3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞

  例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

  4. 現(xiàn)在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞

  例如:Your radio is being repaired now.

  5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞

  When he got there, the problem was being discussed.

  6. 現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞

  His work has been finished.

  Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.

  7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞

  注意:

  1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態(tài)。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.

  2. 含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動詞+ be + 過去分詞”結構。例如:

  More attention should be paid to the old in this country.

  This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.

  3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結構的謂語,其被動語態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過去分詞”和“be to + be + 過去分詞”。例如:

  The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.

  All these books are to be taken to the library.

  4. 被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別:“連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構成的系表結構,與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣,所以應注意它們的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞,多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當于形容詞,多強調狀態(tài)。前者通�?捎胋y 引出動作的執(zhí)行者,而后者則不可以。例如:

  The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)

  That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)

  系表結構中的過去分詞通�?杀籿ery修飾,被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。

  例如:

  He was very excited.(系表結構)

  He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)

  5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如:

  These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。

  The door won’t shut. 這門關不上。

  The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。

  (責任編輯:康彥林)

  特別說明:由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調整與變化,育路高考網所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長參考,敬請考生及家長以權威部門公布的正式信息為準。

高考專業(yè)報名咨詢
  • 意向專業(yè):
  • 學生姓名:
  • 聯(lián)系電話:
  • 出生日期:
  • 您的問題:
  • 《隱私保障》

分享“高一英語:復習知識點”到:

58.4K
關注高考招生官微
獲取更多招生信息
高校招生微信