2017年高考英語主謂一致考點分析
(一) 當主語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、(疑問詞+)to do結構、動詞-ing形式、主語從句、復合不定代詞、表單位數(shù)量的時間、距離、金錢、重量、復數(shù)形式的學科名詞(physics, politics)、國家或組織名稱(the United States, the United Nations)等，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。
提示：what引導的主語從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。 (如：What we need are good doctors. 我們需要的是好醫(yī)生。)
如果強調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：More than twenty years have passed since we graduated. 我們畢業(yè)后已經(jīng)過了二十多年。
【考例1】
All the scientific evidence _____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health. (2012湖南)
A. show; are B. shows; are
C. show; is D. shows; is
解析：D。evidence與use在句中均為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
【考例2】
Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _____ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2012安徽)
A. keeps B. keep
C. have kept D. had kept
解析：A。Walmart屬于專有名詞，謂語應用單數(shù)形式。
(二) 在“名詞/代詞+介賓結構+謂語+……”結構中，謂語動詞與名詞/代詞保持一致，介賓結構看作修飾成分。該結構中的常見介詞及短語介詞有with/together with/along with/as well as/like/rather than/but/except/besides / including / in addition to等。
【考例】
The famous musician, as well as his students, _____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (2013福建)
A. were invited B. was invited
C. have been invited D. has been invited
解析：B。主語為The famous musician，as well as…起修飾作用，根據(jù)2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知，描述的是過去的事，因此用一般過去時。
(三) “all/a lot/plenty/part/the rest/most /分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+名詞/代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)形式一般取決于of后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。表示復數(shù)概念用復數(shù)動詞，表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)動詞。
【考例1】
The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)
A. is B. are C. was D. were
解析：D。which指代前面的the raw materials，為復數(shù)形式，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)。本句描述過去的事情，因此應用一般過去時。
【考例2】
One-third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ black people. (2011湖南)
A. is; are B. is; is
C. are; are D. are; is
解析： A。the majority of+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)結構作主語時，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式。
(四)a number of/an average of/a total of等+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)構成短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;而the number of/the average of/the total of等+名詞構成短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;
“a great(large)/small number of，many，a few，few, a good(great) many, dozens of, scores of+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”結構作主語時，謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。
a little， little, much， a great deal of， a large amount of一般只修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(如：A great deal of petrol is wasted. )
【考例1】
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____ rising steadily since 1990. (2009山東)
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
解析：C。本句的主語為The number of…結構。
【考例2】
Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry. (2005遼寧)
A. is working B. works
C. work D. worked
解析：C。句中a large number of…作主語，意為“大量的……”。
(五)“one of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。但“one of+復數(shù)名詞”結構后接定語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;而在“the only/ right/ very one of+名詞+關系代詞+從句謂語”結構中，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
【考例1】
Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ____ evening dress. (2010全國Ⅱ)
A. wear B. wears
C. has worn D. have worn
解析：B。從句先行詞為the only one of the women，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
【考例2】
At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ____ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西)
A. is B. are C. will be D. was
解析：A。該句是one of...結構充當主語。
(六) pairs of/amounts of/quantities of...等構成短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式; a pair of(表示一雙，一條時)/an amount of / a series of構成短語作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。
【考例1】
— Why does the lake smell terrible?
— Because large quantities of water _____. (2009福建)
A. have polluted B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
解析： D。該句是quantities of構成的短語作主語，所以謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。
【考例2】
As a result of destroying the forests, a large ____ of desert ____ covered the land. (2001上海)
A. number; has B. quantity; has
C. number; have D. quantity; have
解析：B。 a number of后通常接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，該句desert是不可數(shù)名詞, a large quantity of后面接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞;a quantity of后面加的desert為不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
(七) and連接并列主語表示同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，表示不同概念時謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式。
【考例1】
A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江蘇)
A. is B. are C. was D. were
解析：A。句意：一位詩人兼藝術家明天下午要給我們做關于中國文學和繪畫的報告。該題由and連接兩個名詞作主語，但第二個名詞前沒有冠詞，因此指的是同一人，故謂語用單數(shù)形式。注意：由and連接的兩個帶冠詞單數(shù)名詞，表示復數(shù)概念時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如： The tenth and the last chapter were written by his father.
【考例2】
Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet. (2007浙江)
A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
解析：A。 when and where指的是“做講座的時間和地點”這一個概念，可用單數(shù)形式。由yet可知應用完成時態(tài)。
【注意】如表示不同的概念，則要用復數(shù)。如：When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
(八) cattle/police/people/clothes/goods以及復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。
(九)單復數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常根據(jù)句意來確定。常見的這類詞有deer / fish / means / sheep / species / works等。如： All means have been tried. 各種手段都試過了。 One means is still to be tried. 還有一種手段尚待一試。
(十)主語是集合名詞family / government / public / audience等，表示強調(diào)整體時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如強調(diào)個體謂語動詞用復數(shù)。
考點二、謂語動詞的形式與鄰近的名詞一致
(一) either…or…/neither…nor…/not only…but also…/not…but…/or等連接并列主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)由最靠近它的主語決定;
(二)在倒裝句中，謂語動詞單復數(shù)由其后面的主語決定。
【考例1】
Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南)
A. are B. is C. have D. be
解析：B。該句主語由either…or…連接，根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語動詞與one of your students保持一致。
【考例2】
—Is everyone here?
—Not yet... Look, there _____ the rest of our guests! (2010江蘇)
A. come B. comes
C. is coming D. are coming
解析：A。 此倒裝句中，謂語動詞單復數(shù)由其后面的主語the rest of our guests決定。 D項形式為“進行”，實際表示“將來”，不符合題意。
考點三、常見固定格式的主語
(一) 由each...and (each)..., every...and (every)..., many a ...and (many a )..., no... and (no)...等結構作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
【考例】
— Did you go to the show last night?
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ____invited. (2008陜西)
A. were B. have been
C. has been D. was
解析：D。 and連接并列名詞并且被every等修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。該句描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去時。
(二) many a(n)+單數(shù)名詞及more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù);而more+復數(shù)名詞+than+one作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù);one or two +復數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式; a + 單數(shù)名詞 + or two作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
如： One or two reasons were suggested. 提出了一兩條理由。 A day or two is enough. 一兩天就夠了。
【考例】
It is reported that many a new house ____ at present in the disaster area. (2010陜西)
A. are being built B. were being built
C. was being built D. is being built
解析：D。many a修飾主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。再根據(jù)at present可知“正在被修建”，應該用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。
(責任編輯：盧雁明)
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