2012高考英語考點專題講練:形容詞和副詞(2)
II.連系動詞與形容詞
象get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove ,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go,turn,remain等這些動詞既可以用作為實義動詞又可以用作連系動詞,因而要根據(jù)上下文語境判斷究竟是什么性質(zhì)的動動詞才能正確解題。
請看下面這道選擇題:
▲We don't care if a hunting dog smells_____,but we really don't want him to smell_____.
A. well; well B. bad; badly C. well; badly D. badly; bad
第一個“smell”是“聞起來”的意思,是連系動詞,用形容詞。第二個“smell”是實義動詞,用副詞來修飾;此外well作形容詞是表示人身體好、氣色好,用在此句中不行,只能作副詞用。答案是B.句意是:“我們不在乎獵狗聞起來難聞,但是我們確實不希望它的嗅覺力差。
III.形容詞、副詞比較等級的用法
形容詞、副詞有三個等級:原級、比較級和最高級,其構成形式如下:
規(guī)則變化:單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構成比較級和最高級
構成法 |
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est |
tall |
taller |
tallest |
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st |
nice |
nicer |
nicest |
以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est |
big |
bigger |
biggest |
"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i,再加-er,-est |
busy |
busier |
busiest |
少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est |
clever narrow |
cleverer narrower |
cleverest narrowest |
其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來構成比較級和最高級 |
important easily |
more important more easily |
most important most easily |
不規(guī)則變化
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
good/well |
better |
best |
bad/ill |
worse |
worst |
old |
older/elder |
oldest/eldest |
much/many |
more |
most |
little |
less |
least |
far |
farther/further |
farthest/furthest |
注意:many,old和far比較級及最高級用法的區(qū)別
①如果后接名詞時,much more +不可數(shù)名詞,many more +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。
②old有兩種比較級和最高級形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest.elder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關系。
My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
③far有兩種比較級,farther,further……在英語中兩者都可指距離。
在美語中,father表示距離,further表示進一步
I have nothing further to say.
1.原級的用法
表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時,用“as+原級形容詞/副詞+ as”的結(jié)構;表示雙方不相等時,用“not so(as)+原級形容詞/副詞+ as”的結(jié)構;表示一方是另一方的若干倍時,用“倍數(shù)+ as+原級形容詞/副詞+ as”的結(jié)構。
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
2.比較級的用法
①雙方比較,表示一方超過另一方時,用“比較級+than”的結(jié)構表示;
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
注意:
▲比較對象的一致性
請看下面這道選擇題:
The weather in China is different from__ __.
A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America
本題意為"中國的天氣比美國熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國家,C不能選。A沒有名詞,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞,而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選D.
▲要避免將主語包含在比較對象中
(錯)China is larger than any country in Asia.
(對)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
▲注意比較對象的省略或隱藏:有時省略或不點明被比較的對象,而是通過語境來暗示被比較的對象。
請看下面這兩道選擇題:
If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
本題將比較的對象隱藏在虛擬條件句中,即:與沒有考試的時候相比。本題答案選D.
I don‘t think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen____________.
A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst
由前文“我認為這部電影不是最沒趣的”可知,“我看過(比這部)更差的電影”,省略了than this one.本題答案是B.
It takes a long time to go there by train; it's ________by road.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
由語境可知,句末省略了than by train,用比較級。本題答案是D.
②表示一方不及另一方時,用“less+原級+than”的結(jié)構表示;
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時,可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修飾;
He works even harder than before.
注意:by far通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時,一般放在比較級的后面,如在前面,應在二者中
間加“the”。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時,用“the +比較級(主語+謂語),the +比較級(主語+謂語)”
的結(jié)構(意為“越……越……”);
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不與其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改變時,用“比較級+ and+比較級”的結(jié)構;
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時,用to代替than.這些詞有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(較
好的,優(yōu)于……)、junior(資歷較淺的)、senior(資格較老的)、prior(在……之前)等;
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比較從句中為了避免重復,我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞;
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧否定詞+比較級
該結(jié)構用否定形式表示肯定意義。要掌握該結(jié)構的用法,須注意以下幾點:
▲該結(jié)構多為“can't /couldn't +比較級”的形式
I can't agree with you more.我再同意你的意見不過了。(或:我完全同意你的意見。)
The weather couldn't be worse.天氣再糟糕不過了。
He couldn't have done better.他做得再好不過了。
▲用于該結(jié)構中的否定詞除了not之外,還有no,never,nothing等
This could give her no greater pleasure.這使她再高興不過了。
There's nothing cheaper.這東西再便宜不過了。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
為朋友而放棄生命的愛是最偉大的愛。
▲當該結(jié)構中的比較級為less時,其意義為“一點也不”
試比較:He couldn't care more.他非常介意。(或:他最關心不過了。)
He couldn't care less.他毫不介意。(或:他最漠不關心了。)
注意:反過來用肯定形式表示否定意義。這種用法主要見于:
▲know better than+不定式。這種結(jié)構意為“不至于”
You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes.
你的法語較好,不至于犯這樣的錯誤。
He is more experienced than to do such a thing.
他比較有經(jīng)驗,不至于做這樣的事。
▲more than…can.這種句型形式上是肯定,實際上有否定含義
The boys in the street have become very insolent and it is more than flesh and blood can bear.
街上的男孩變得非常無禮,到了人所不能忍受的地步。
The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.
那地方美得無法形容。
⑨倍數(shù)表達法
▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高)/這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍。
▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。
▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。
用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上,兩倍可以用twice或double.
(責任編輯:張影)
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