二、虛擬語氣常見錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置及答題思路
[常見錯(cuò)誤]
1.規(guī)范搭配的主從句動詞形式有一個(gè)有錯(cuò)誤。
2.主句和從句的動詞形式與各自發(fā)生的時(shí)間不相對應(yīng)。
3.在省略if采用倒裝表示虛擬的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 主句謂語動詞沒有用虛擬形式, 或主句動詞是虛擬形式, 但從句倒裝有誤。
4.在用介詞短語、并列分句或分詞等其他方式表示虛擬條件的句子中, 謂語動詞沒有采用虛擬形式。
5.一些表達(dá)命令、建議、愿望意義的詞后接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句或同位語從句時(shí), 從句中動詞沒有采用(should+)動詞原形。
例句:
If the police would have (A) arrived (B) earlier, he would have (C) seen (D) the accident.
(答案:A had, 與過去事實(shí)相反, 從句用had done)
Had paul received (A) six more (B) votes in the last election, he would have been (C) our chairman (D) now.
(答案:C would be, 時(shí)間狀語now表示主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
The demand for (A) electricity can (B) not readily be met were it not (C) for another source of (D) energy-nuclear power.
(答案:B could, 表示非真實(shí)的假設(shè))
Victor obviously (A) doesn′t know what′s happened (B) ;otherwise he didn′t make (C) such a (D) stupid remark.
(答案:C wouldn′t have made, otherwise連接虛擬分句)
Without (A) the friction between their (B) feet and the ground, people will (C) in no way (D) be able to walk.
(答案:C would, 介詞without引導(dǎo)虛擬條件)
So great (A) was (B) the influence of Thomas paine on (C) his own time that John Adams suggested that the era was called (D) "The Age of Paine".
(答案:D be called, suggest后接賓語從句, 其謂語應(yīng)用動詞原形)
Emphasis is laid on (A) the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (B) take into (C) account before starting (D) a new project.
(答案:C be taken into, necessity后接同位語從句, 其謂語應(yīng)用動詞原形)
It (A) is essential that (B) all these figures are to be (C) checked twice (D) .
(答案:C be, 形容詞essential要求其主語從句的謂語用動詞原形)
[辨錯(cuò)思路]
注意查找句中表示虛擬語氣的線索和信號:
1.如果試題中出現(xiàn)連詞if, 應(yīng)仔細(xì)研究句子的語義, 分辨它引導(dǎo)的是真實(shí)條件, 還是虛擬條件, 如果是表示假定的虛擬語氣意義, 則看一下主、從句中的謂語動詞是否采用了相應(yīng)的形式。
2.看到一個(gè)句子時(shí), 一定要弄明白句中條件和結(jié)果兩部分的時(shí)間所指, 再看謂語動詞形式是否與所指時(shí)間一致。
3.觀察題句中是否出現(xiàn)表示建議、命令、意愿的詞語(無論是動詞、還是其派生出的形容詞、名詞), 審查后接that從句中謂語是否用(should+)動詞原形。
4.如果題句中出現(xiàn)主謂部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu), 或without, but for等介詞, 則應(yīng)考慮到它們有可能引導(dǎo)虛擬條件。
5.在確定謂語虛擬語氣形式正確與否的同時(shí), 還要留意語態(tài)是否有誤。
[改錯(cuò)要領(lǐng)]
1.熟記英語虛擬語氣的主從句常規(guī)搭配形式:
假設(shè)類型 從句謂語動詞形式 主句謂語動詞形式
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動詞過去式(Be動詞were) would+動詞原形
與過去事實(shí)相反 had+過去分詞 would have+過去分詞
與將來事實(shí)相反 should+動詞原形were to+動詞原形 would+動詞原形
2.熟記下列表示命令、意愿、建議的動詞作謂語時(shí), 其賓語從句動詞要求用原形:
advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, insist, maintain, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge.
3.熟記下列形容詞后接that從句時(shí), 從句中謂語動詞需用原形:
advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, preferable, vital, natural.
4.熟記下列名詞后接that從句時(shí), 從句中謂語動詞需用原形:
advice, command, demand, importance, insistance, motion, necessity, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, suggestion, wish, condition, decision.
5.除if外, 下列連詞(或相當(dāng)于連詞)引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí), 從句中謂語動詞有時(shí)要用虛擬形式:
even if, even though, as if, as though, lest, for fear that, in case, suppose, supposing.
6.下列介詞和副詞常用來引導(dǎo)讓步假設(shè)和轉(zhuǎn)折假設(shè):
but for, without/with, otherwise, but, or else.
7.下列固定句型需使用虛擬語氣:
…would rather that…動詞過去式/過去完成式…
It is(high)time that…動詞過去式…
If only…動詞過去式/過去完成式
If it were/had been not for…
結(jié)束
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