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王牌要點(diǎn):通常由 that 或疑問詞導(dǎo)出。
1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.(主語從句)
2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning
the case. (賓語從句)
3. The problem is what we'll do next. (表語從句)
4. We have no idea that he has come back. (同位語從句)
同位語(Appositive):
同位語是英語語法的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,也是各類考試中的一個(gè)考點(diǎn),同時(shí),在寫作
中正確運(yùn)用同位語可以使你的句型更加簡(jiǎn)潔得體。
《新概念英語》第三冊(cè)第一課有這樣一個(gè)句子: When reports came into
London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of
London, they were not taken seriously. (當(dāng)倫敦動(dòng)物園接到報(bào)告說,在倫
敦以南45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時(shí),這些報(bào)告并沒有受到重視。)
在這里,a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London
就是同位語從句,它本來應(yīng)該放在“reports ”后面,這里卻被放在了謂語成分
came into London zoo的后面,目的是讓句型顯得更為穩(wěn)重。
I.簡(jiǎn)單記憶:同位語從句,就是對(duì)某些名詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋的句子。
I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday.
(that引導(dǎo)的句子解釋了news的內(nèi)容,注意:that不做任何成分)
We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad.(that
引導(dǎo)的句子解釋了fact的內(nèi)容)
II. 聯(lián)想記憶:能接同位詞從句的名詞有:belief(信仰),fact,idea,
doubt ,rumor (謠言),evidence(證據(jù)),conclusion(結(jié)論),suggestion
(建議),problem ,order ,answer,discovery (發(fā)現(xiàn))explanation (解
釋),principle (原則),possibility (可能性),truth ,promise (承
諾),report(報(bào)告),statement (聲明),knowledge (知識(shí)),opinion
(觀點(diǎn)),likelihood(可能性)
III.王牌要點(diǎn):●同位語一般由that引導(dǎo),但也可以用關(guān)系代詞which , who,
what和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how或 whether引導(dǎo)。
There arouse the question whether we could win the game. I have no
idea howto explain it.
●一些介詞詞組后面也能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(非常經(jīng)典之功能句式,可用于
四六級(jí)和托福作文,不妨一試!)
on the assumption (在……前提下),on the ground (由于……原因),
on the condition that (在……條件下),with the exception(有……例外)
owing to the fact (由于……事實(shí)),on the understanding(基于……
理解)
e.g. The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition
that he bought her a villa. (那位年輕的女士答應(yīng)嫁給那位老頭,條件是他
給她買一幢別墅。)
IV. 分隔式同位語從句為了使句型平衡不至于頭重腳輕,有時(shí)同位語從句可
以放到句子的末尾,(讀兩遍此定義,然后看倒句:)
An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information
about the matter. I got information from my friend that there will be
a marvelous American movie "Titanic".
V.同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別簡(jiǎn)單記憶:定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 that 或 which
在句子中用作主語或賓語,而同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that只起連接主句和從句之作
用,不用作任何成分。
e.g. I've got an answer that A is right.(同位語從句,that不做成分)
I've got an answer that surprised me a lot. (定語從句,that做定語
從句的主語)
VI. 王牌重點(diǎn):可以充當(dāng)同位語的詞組或短語。
1 )名詞短語。(使句型更為簡(jiǎn)潔)
Bill Clinton, the president of America , came to China to pay an
official visit in 1998. Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China,
played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history.
2 )動(dòng)名詞詞組亦可用作同位語:別忘了加逗號(hào)。(使句型更為流暢)
I'm crazy about the game, playing baseball. Going to concert , that
sounds a great idea.
3 )不定式短語。(陌生只是掌握的開始)
The problem what to do next remains unsolved. Her claim to have finished
his work is nothing but a white lie.
4 )形容詞詞組。(有逗號(hào)隔開)
All the workers , young or old , should be treated equally. Young
man , short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity.
VII.同位語的引導(dǎo)詞。(重要!這是中高級(jí)寫作中不可缺少的引導(dǎo)成分)
引導(dǎo)詞用來表示同位語與它所說明的同位成分之間的關(guān)系:1.namely, that
it is , that is to say (也就是說), in other words (換句話說), or,
for short 表示等同關(guān)系。
2.such as , say, so to speak(譬如說), including(包括), for
instance(或 for example(e.g. / eg ),表示舉例和列舉關(guān)系。
3.especially, mostly , chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly
表示突出重點(diǎn),(在高難度閱讀中表示后面的部分為更重要或更突出的部分,是
出題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。)
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