2009年職稱英語考試理工類B級真題(代碼22)
　　第一題：詞匯選項參考答案講評
　　1. call-phone
　　2. conversation-talk
　　3. proposed-suggested
　　4. relied on-depended on
　　5. breaks-beats
　　6. cheerful-happy
　　7. exhibited-displayed
　　8. fury-anger
　　9. diligent-hardworking
　　10.persistent-continuous
　　11.eternal-everlasting
　　12.wrecked-damaged
　　13.authentic-genuine
　　14.lure-attraction
　　15.puzzle-mystery
　　答案：
　　A D C A B B A D C D B A D B D
　　第二題:閱讀判斷
　　參考答案講評
　　16. It is estimated that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. (A)
　　17. Most developed countries will face water shortage in 20 years. (B)
　　18. Most of the world’s population may live within 100 km of the sea in 2025. (A)
　　19. Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years. (B)
　　20. Some species of fish in the Atlantic are at dangerously low level. (C)
　　21. The world bank report implies that urgent action should be taken to protect water supplies. (A)
　　22. India exceeds (will exceed)environmental limits for water use. (B)
　　標準答案為 ABABCAB
　　第三題：概括大意與完成句子
　　參考答案講評
　　23. Paragraph 1 C:
　　implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans (段落最后一句)
　　24. Paragraph 2 E： Genetic similarities between chimps and humans(段落第一句及段落中間部分均提及)
　　25. Paragraph 3 B：reasons for HIV resistance(該主題需要考生結合下個段落內(nèi)容推斷出來)
　　26. Paragraph 4 F：Chimps’ resistance to HIV(段落第一句)
　　27. D. human survival
　　28. E. Human genomes(基因組)
　　29. C; some diseases
　　30: B: some human disease treatment (出題句在文章第5段)
　　B22的標準答案為 CEBF DECB

        第四題：閱讀理解第1篇：Water
　　(沒找到原文)31 世原文 D
　　32
　　好像是世界水總量 B 總水量維持不變?
　　33
　　是大部分的可飲用水資源儲存 答案A 冰川和山川?
　　34
　　翻譯短語 D 少量的?
　　35
　　raildown land多于ocean 還是ocean多于land?
　　B22的標準答案為DBADC (紅色字體有待大家考證，黑色字體已經(jīng)確認正確)
　　第2篇：Mind-reading
　　(參考教材，好像其中一個題選項提問與教材不一樣)
　　32. Mind-reading1 Machine
　　A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning what's happening in their brains.
　　When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing.
　　The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) 2 brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.
　　Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize3 which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood--and therefore, which parts are working to process information.
　　An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.
　　The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.
　　In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.
　　詞匯：
　　scan v. &n. 掃描
　　visualize v. 使可見;設想
　　neuron n. 神經(jīng)元
　　注釋:
　　1. Mind-reading: 能讀出(猜出)人的想法的。mind-read: 可做動詞，如，As a successful
　　salesman, he is able to mind-read his customers.
　　2. FMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) : 功能性磁振造影。這是一種新興的神經(jīng)影像學方式，其原理是利用磁振造影來測量神經(jīng)元活動所引發(fā)之血液動力的改變。
　　3. visualize: 意為make(something)visible to the eye，即“使可見，使顯現(xiàn)”。
　　36 . What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?
　　A)A small region of the brain.
　　B)The central part of the brain.
　　C)Neurons in the brain.
　　D)Oxygen-rich blood.
　　37. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?
　　A)Ceils in your brain are called neurons.
　　B)The more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs.
　　C)FMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information.
　　D)fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.
　　38. "Highlighting the areas of the brain at work" means
　　A)"marking the parts of the brain that are processing information"
　　B)"giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information"
　　C)"putting the parts of the brain to work"
　　D)"stopping the parts of the brain from working"
　　39. What did the researchers experiment on?
　　A)Animals, objects, and fruits.
　　B)Two volunteers.
　　C)fMRI machines.
　　D)Thousands of pictures.
　　40. Which of the following can be the best replacement of the tide?
　　A)The Recent Development in Science and Technology.
　　B)Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.
　　C)A Technological Dream.
　　D)A Device that can Help You Calculate.
　　答案與題解：
　　36. C 文章第二段的最后兩個句子提供了答案。Cells in your brain called neurons are
　　responsible for this processin9.這里的processin9指的就是上句中的內(nèi)容。
　　37. 該題目發(fā)生變化。問題：fMIR這臺機器是干什么用的?答案：An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. 見文章第5段。
　　38. A
　　highlight：使…顯得突出，標出。at work：正在工作的。這里指正在處理信息的(大腦區(qū)域)。
　　39. B答案在文章的第六段中可以找到。實驗者讓兩個自愿受試者觀看許多照片，并用fMRI對設備測試他們的大腦在這一過程中的活動。
　　40.B
　　A論述的范圍太大。fMR技術已不再是夢想，所以C也不是正確選擇。D所述內(nèi)容與文章完全不符。B符合文章內(nèi)容，是最佳選擇。
　　標準答案為 CCADA

       第3篇：youth emancipation in Spain
　　The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.
　　Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents’ home, says the latest report from the country’s state-run Institute of Youth.
　　To coax young people from their homes, the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation” programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.
　　Economists blame young people’s family dependence on the precarious labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.
　　Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe – Italy, Portugal and Greece – are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth Key for Understanding”.
　　“In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized,” said Minguez.
　　In Spain – especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.
　　Parents’ tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.
　　“A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he’ll put up a fight and call the father a fascist,” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.
　　Mothers’ willingness to do children’s household chores worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. the eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.
　　“His mum does the wash and cooks for him, in the end, he lives well.” Masso said.
　　41The “Youth Emancipation” programme aims at helping young people
　　Alive in an independent way
　　Bfight for freedom
　　Cfight against social injustice
　　Dget rid of family responsibilities
　　42It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in
　　AGreece
　　BFinland(位于歐洲北部)
　　CSpain(位于歐洲西南)
　　DItaly
　　43Young people’s family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT
　　Aparents’ tolerance
　　Bhousing problems
　　CUnwillingness to get married.
　　Dcultural traditions
　　44Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso?
　　Ahe has a boyfriend
　　BShe is 60 years old.
　　CShe has three children
　　DShe lives in Madrid
　　45The phrase “wary of” in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by
　　Atired of
　　Bafraid of
　　Cworried about
　　D cautious about
　　答案與題解：
　　41. A： Live in an independent way.( 出題句：Coax(引誘) young people from their homes)
　　42. B： Finland (Greece/Spain出現(xiàn)在并列結構中， Spain在文章中提到了， 只有Finland沒有被提到)
　　43. C： unwillingness to get married (該信息在文章中沒有被提到)
　　44. A： She has a boy friend. (該題又是在考查插入語結構， 出題句 。。。， a 60-year-old in Madrid, had three children in their 20s. )
　　45. D： wary of /cautious about/小心謹慎的
　　標準答案為ABCAD
　　第五題：補全短文
　　Reduce Packaging
　　Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign____46_F___.Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries.___47_B__.When returned bottles are put in a vending machines, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging __48_C_. In response to a campaign by Britain’s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence.___49_E__. But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti-waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. __50_D_In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage (飲料)bottles.A. if a product is overpackaged, don't buy itB. In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. C. this is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.D. This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.E. Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (板條箱)for transporting its fresh produce.F. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.
　　答案與題解：
　　因為反對浪費的運動要減少包裝，英國的超級市場及零售商最近增加了壓力。(這項運動由無黨派報紙發(fā)起。)(這導致銷量減少74%。)減少銷量才會增加壓力?因為包裝，英國每年產(chǎn)生了4.6百萬噸家庭廢物。
　　許多人曾對剩余的塑料包裝表示過惱火。運動發(fā)起者呼吁英國向其它歐洲國家學習。(在比利時，你買東西用塑料或玻璃容器時，你必須交付押金。)(如果產(chǎn)品被包裝兩層，別買它。)這些都可以是比較先進的、減少浪費的觀點。當返還的瓶子退回柜員機時，押金也償還。環(huán)境保護者警告：英國在這方面已經(jīng)落后了。
　　他們不得不處置的消費品額外包裝量報告增長了不安。貿(mào)易權威官員也反對過多的包裝。(這是因為太多的填料導致顧客產(chǎn)生錯誤的印象：他都到底是在買什么?)(如果產(chǎn)品被包裝兩層，別買它。)權威部門都反對了，還買?
　　為響應這個由無黨派報紙發(fā)起的運動，主要的超市通過多種公開的行動贏得了公眾的信任。(Tesco(英國最大的零售商)說轉為使用可再度利用的塑料框，一年節(jié)約了112,000噸的紙板。)
　　但運動發(fā)起者說零售商和政府應學習更多歐洲大陸反對浪費的慣例。在瑞典，1991年起不回收的電池必須繳稅。(這導致銷量減少74%。)(在比利時，你買東西用塑料或玻璃容器時，你必須交付押金。)(如果產(chǎn)品被包裝兩層，不買它。)我不知道瑞典的不回收電池是否減少70%的銷量、瑞典是否不買包裝兩層(即過度包裝)的商品，所以這3個答案好像都可。在德國，超市找不到塑料袋，押金用于可再利用的塑料或玻璃容器。
　　(A)If a product is overpackaged, don’t buy it.如果產(chǎn)品被包裝兩層，不買它。
　　(B)In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.在比利時，你買東西用塑料或玻璃容器時，你必須交付押金。
　　(C)This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.這是因為太多的填料導致顧客產(chǎn)生錯誤的印象：都不知道是買什么
　　(D)This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.這導致銷量減少74%。
　　(E)Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates for transporting its fresh produce.Tesco說，轉為使用可再度利用的塑料框，一年節(jié)約了112,000噸的紙板。
　　(F)The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.這個運動由無黨派報紙發(fā)起。
　　標準答案為 FBCED

        第六題：完形填空
　　Taking a nap during the day
　　Taking a Nap During the Day
　　Medical experts say most Americans do not get　　1　　sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before　　2　　with other activities.
　　One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less　　3　　to die of disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults　　4　　about six years. Adult who rested for half an hour 5　　three times a week had a 37 percent lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.
　　Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 6 by mitigating tension caused by work.
　　Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 7　　of napping for many years. They urge people to　　8　　work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces in their offices. They believe this reduces　　9　　and accidents, and　　10　　increases the amount of work a person can do.
　　Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times1. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel　　11　　. And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is　　12　　you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness　　13　　the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap　　14　　last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the　body into deep sleep2 and waking up3 will be　　15
　　詞匯:
　　Nap n. 打盹 mitigate v.減價
　　urge v.催促，勸告
　　注釋:
　　1.people make more mistakes at work than at other times：人們在工作(時間)中出錯的概率比其它的時間要多。本句中的at work可以理解為during their work time。
　　2.put…into deep sleep：使……進人深睡狀態(tài)
　　3.waking up：從上下文判斷，waking up是“自己醒過來”的意思，不是“喚醒”。
　　練習:
　　1. A sweet B sound C bad D enough
　　2. A checking B sharing C continuing D meeting
　　3. A lovely B likely C fondly D finely
　　4. A for B at C in D with
　　5. A at least B at most C at last D at first
　　6. A ability B health C thinking D life
　　7. A experiment B reform C idea D way
　　8. A repeat B improve C change D leave
　　9. A work B mistakes C energy D time
　　10. A never B seldom C too D also
　　11. A ready B good C sleepy D awake
　　12. A all B few C any D nothing
　　13. A unless B while C until D during
　　14. A would B may C might D should
　　15. A helpful B difficult C easy D happy
　　答案與題解:
　　1.D本段第二句說“more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day”。引導我們選擇(not)enough。因為睡眠不夠，才要中午“打個盹”。選項A：文不對題。選項B：bad(sleep)與上下文不符，因為通篇文章沒有提到過，中午打盹的原因是晚上沒有睡好。選項C：明顯不合乎邏輯�！坝捎跊]有睡不好(即：晚上睡好了)，白天還要補睡一會兒”，于理說不通。所以，惟一合理的選擇是enough。 ’
　　2.C空格2所在句子的意思是：醫(yī)學專家建議人們在進行其它活動之前，最好小睡一會。四個選項中，只有continuing(選項C)最接近上述的理解。
　　3.B空格3所在的句子說的是“心臟病致死”的問題，lovely，fondly和finely分別表達“可愛”、“喜歡”和“美好”的意思，明顯不對。less likely是“可能性較低一些”的意思，選擇likely符合上下文的意思。本段最后一句說，成年人白天打盹半小時，一周三次，其心臟病致死的概率比不打盹的人要低37%。這更證實了選likely是正確的。
　　4.A本句的意思是，調(diào)查進行了六年。about six years之前要用表達一段時間的介詞for。介詞at和with明顯與about six years不搭配，而選項in(about six years)表達的是未來的時間，如：He will come to Beijing in one day or tw0.(他一、兩天之內(nèi)會到北京。)
　　5.A at first和at last明顯與本句的意思不符。若選at most(最多)，本句的意思成了“成年人白天打盹半小時，一周不得超過三次，其心臟病致死的概率比不打盹的人要低37%”，意思有點令人費解。改說成，“一周至少三次”才說得通。所以at least是答案。
　　6.B通篇文章在闡述白天打盹有益于健康，選項B是答案。
　　7.C空格7所在的句子的意思是：多年來，歐洲和拉丁美洲的一些公司支持白天打盹的 ? (空格中填哪一個詞?)。很明顯，空格中填入experiment(試驗)或reform(改革)則離題太遠，而way(方式)肯定沒有idea(想法)好。C是答案。
　　8.D從上下文判斷，空格8的詞應該與“中止(work)”有關。四個選項中，只有l(wèi)eave合乎這一條件。而其它三個選項repeat(重復)、improve(改進)和change(改變)與后半句的go home and have a nap搭不上。
　　9.B前面一句說，美國有些公司讓職員在辦公室打個盹，這樣可以減少些事故等。填人空格9的詞應該與accidents(事故)一樣，是一個負面意思的詞。mistakes(選項B)符合這個條件，是答案。reduce work/energy time都不合理。
　　10.D 打個盹有兩個好處：1)可以減少錯誤和事故;2)可以增加工作效率。從上下文判斷，
　　選als0最合適。t00從詞義上說也可以，但用法上有問題，因為“…this…too increases the amount…”把t00置于動詞increases之前很少見。never和seldom的意思與上下文不匹配。
　　11.C前半句說，“people should not carry out important dudes…”，后半句自然會想到“when they feel sleepy”。而when they feel ready good happy都說不通。
　　12.A本句的意思是：大約20分鐘的打盹是你所需要的。所以，About twenty minutes of rest is few/any/nothing you need與上述意思不符，只有About twenty minutes of rest is all you need才說得通。
　　13.C前半句說，“this(指打肫)provides extra energy and Can increase your effectiveness”后面接while unless during the end of the day不搭配，只有until(the end of the day)才是答案。
　　14.D本句的意思是：專家警告說：打盹不能(或不應該)超過30分鐘。這題選should最合適。
　　15.B本句表達的意思應該是上一句“A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep”引出的結果。打盹時間長了，就會進入深睡狀態(tài)，很難醒過來。選difficult是合適的，其它三個選項的意思脫離了上下文，不會是答案。
　　標準答案為CABDB CDBCB AADCB