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III. Reading Comprehension
Section A Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage: The Antarctica treaty applies to all areas (the high seas excepted) below latitude 60 degrees south. This line, running around the globe some 2,000 miles from the South Pole itself, just misses the lower tip of South America, and is well below the Cape of Good Hope and New Zealand. There are a number of small islands between this line and the Antarctic continent, but the waters here are known to mariners as "the screaming Sixties" because there is so little obstruction to the world-circling winds. In contrast, in the northern hemisphere, the lands lying above the sixtieth parallel of latitude include much of Scandinavia, Siberia and Alaska, all of Greenland and Iceland, with a total population of several million. Great mountains help subdue the winds; a spur of the Gulf Stream and part of the Japan Current temper the frigid airs of this polar region. This, and the presence of the Arctic Ocean in the center of the great land mass, give the area a markedly different conformation and climate from that around the opposite pole. Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice. In the heart of the continent it is almost as high as the summits of the Alps, yet soundings show that in some places the rock floor is below sea level. Actually, the ice accumulation is less than it was perhaps 1,000 years ago. Its seaward flow is not so voluminous as it once was, and as a result there are patches of bare rock here and there along the coast and inland. They were scoured clear of soil ages ago, but one may sometimes find moss or lichens growing, though virtually no flowering plants. 41. Unlike the North Pole, the South Pole is A. not fixed in one position B. the same as the South Magnetic Pole C. on land covered with ice D. on water 42. The large area in the southern hemisphere is taken up by A. the major part of South America B. oceans C. Australia D. Africa 43. The makers of the Antarctic Treaty clearly wanted to A. prevent the Russians from settling in Antarctica B. prevent possession or control by any nation C. conserve its natural resources D. insure the safety of the natives of Antarctica 44. Land animals on the Antarctic continent A. are insects only B. are relics of the prehistoric past C. are fur-bearing animals and cold-blooded D. exist only in the fossil state Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage: Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year (1970 figures). This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.) The majority of doctors and researchers consider these relationships proved their point and say, "Give up smoking. If you don't smoke--don't start!" Some doctors and research workers--though their small number is decreased even further--are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the human environment—atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substance in processed food, or chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in large quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. Apart from the scientific statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, small particles of ash, and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison, and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. It is known to be related to Beurger's disease, a narrowing of the small vessels in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even to the amputation of limbs. While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not decreased by the latter forms, and current research shows a causal relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only reduce, not eliminate the hazards. 45. What can we mainly get from the passage? A. Smoking is harmful to health. B. Women smokers are healthier than men smokers. C. The increased diseases have something to do with pollution. D. Smoking cigarettes is more harmful than smoking pipes. 46. Cigarette smoking is believed by doctors to __ A. reduce nervous stress B. causes lung and throat cancer C. make life shorter but exciting D. broaden the blood vessels 47. Women smokers have a lower death rate than men smokers because __ A. women smoke light cigarettes B. women smoke less cigarettes C. women's bodies can prevent nicotine D. women don't breathe in the smoke so deeply 48. What is Beurger's disease? A. It is a kind of lung cancer. B. It happens in the hands and feet. C. It happens in the heart while smoking D. It is a kind of throat disease. |
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基礎班 |
精講班 |
沖刺班 |
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