考研閱讀主要是對文章的理解,而讀懂文章主題,才能整體理解文章,因此抓好文章核心思想,十分關(guān)鍵。 英語考研閱讀選材,文章內(nèi)容都會圍繞一個中心話題展開,都會有一定的提示點,幫助讀者抓好主題。下面就幾點常出現(xiàn)的提示點加以說明: 一、位置法 按照西方人思維習(xí)慣,他們喜歡使用演繹法,即先提出重要信息,然后引用材料來論述。考研閱讀文章結(jié)構(gòu)大體符合演繹規(guī)則,因此,閱讀段落首句,對于文章的主題的把握很重要。也有些文章,作者喜歡將文章中心放在段落末句交代,這時,應(yīng)該注意段落末尾的內(nèi)容。例,2006年真題Text 1中首段,In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.這段話中,首句提出文章的中心話題----美國大眾文化的同化力,后面使用大量文字圍繞這一觀點來論述。 二、重現(xiàn)法 文章出現(xiàn)較多的或重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的事物或觀點,往往是文章主要討論話題,是文章的主題。在閱讀過程中,要注重對話題出現(xiàn)次數(shù)的感悟能力,從而判定文章主題。例,2007年真題閱讀理解Text 2,多次出現(xiàn)IQ test,文章的核心概念就是在說明智力測驗,介紹其測試內(nèi)容,形式等,并指出這一測試的不足。 三、詞匯法 文章主題的闡釋,會有一些關(guān)鍵詞參雜,如轉(zhuǎn)折詞,設(shè)問句,總結(jié)性的詞(therefore, in short, thus, however等),要通過這些單詞的提示來鎖定文章主題。 例如,Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.中間雖然有邏輯詞but,但是我們可以看出,該段的主題為現(xiàn)在存在著不為大家所重視的字母歧視的問題。
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