一、限制性定語從句
1. 前置法
譯成帶“的”的定語詞組，放在被修飾詞之前，變?yōu)閱尉洌?
The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
在他手下工作的人對(duì)他怕得要死。
2. 后置法
如果從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，譯成漢語前置定語顯得太長(zhǎng)而不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)，往往譯成后置的并列分句。
1) 譯成并列分句，重復(fù)英語先行詞：
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國(guó)人曾為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。
2）譯成并列句，省略英語先行詞：
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
是他接到那封信，說你的叔叔去世了。
3、溶合法
1）溶合法是指把原句中的主語和定語從句溶合到一起譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子的翻譯方法。它較適用于翻譯限制性定語從句，如“There be…”結(jié)構(gòu)形式；
There are many people who want to see film.
許多人要看這部電影。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you .
樓下有人要見你。
在定語復(fù)合句中，將英語主句壓縮成漢語詞組做主語，而把定語從句譯成謂語，溶合成一個(gè)句子：
This is a nation that must beg to stay alive.
這個(gè)國(guó)家不討飯就活不下去。 二、非限制性定語從句
1、前置法
一些較短而具有描寫性的英語非限制性定語從句，可譯成帶“的”的前置定語：
The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendour.
那個(gè)整天躲在云層里的太陽，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面了。
He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
他喜歡熱情愉快的妹妹，而不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。
2、后置法
1）譯成并列分句
定語從句后置，重復(fù)英語關(guān)系詞所代表的含義：
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.
我把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。
定語從句后置，省略關(guān)系詞所代表的含義：
After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued well into the night.
飯后，四個(gè)主要談判人物繼續(xù)進(jìn)行會(huì)談。一直談到深夜。
定語從句前置，重復(fù)關(guān)系詞所代表的含義：
World War ll was, however, more complete that World War l，which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.
第一次世界大戰(zhàn)是帝國(guó)主義列強(qiáng)之間爭(zhēng)奪市場(chǎng)、資源和領(lǐng)土的沖突是，而第二次世界戰(zhàn)卻比第一次復(fù)雜。
2）譯成獨(dú)立句
One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.
有一次是暴風(fēng)驟雨，猛烈的程度實(shí)為我生平所僅見。這陣暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標(biāo)。
三、兼有狀語特點(diǎn)的定語從句
有的定語從句，意義上有狀語特點(diǎn)，說明原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、假設(shè)等關(guān)系，可相應(yīng)地譯成狀語從句。 1、譯成表“因”分句
We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly at night.
我們知道由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬ξ崭嗟墓饩�，所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸春芮宄?
2、譯成表“果”分句
There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)出心裁，很有魄力，所以使他們都喜歡。
3、譯成表“讓步”的分句
He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
他堅(jiān)持要再造一棟房子，盡管他并無此需要。
4、譯成表“目的”的分句
I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable me to visit that country.
我沒有放棄努力來爭(zhēng)取一張護(hù)照，以便訪問那個(gè)國(guó)家。
5、譯成表“條件”、“假設(shè)”的分句
Men become desperate for work, any work which will help them to keep alive their families.
人們極其迫切要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。
He would be a short –sighted commander who did not look beyond his fortress.
誰如果不往城堡之外的遠(yuǎn)處看，那他就是一個(gè)目光短淺的指揮員。 |
