An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom / on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.(1999年真題)

   【分析】句子主干是由divides...and...(使……對(duì)立)搭配連接而成。兩個(gè)those后面的分詞短語作定語修飾those。句子主干為：An invisible border divides those and those.

   【翻譯】一種看不到的鴻溝，把那些主張為了學(xué)生有更好的職業(yè)前景而把電腦引入課堂的人和那些主張為了獲得徹底教育革新更廣泛理由而把電腦引入課堂的人的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立起來。

   Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction——indeed, contradiction——Which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign / to put computers in the classroom.(1999年真題)

   【分析】句子主干為：Very few writers have explored this distinction. “on the subject”介詞短語作狀語修飾“very few writers”,“which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom”是定語從句修飾“this distinction”的。

   【翻譯】很少有作者在這個(gè)問題上去探究這種差異，實(shí)際上，他們是互相矛盾的。而這種差異正是探究把計(jì)算機(jī)引入課堂運(yùn)動(dòng)問題的關(guān)鍵。

   But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. (1999年真題)

   【分析】本句不難，重在對(duì)since引導(dǎo)從句的理解，這里since是表示因果關(guān)系的連詞，表示“因?yàn)椤�…”，諸如此類比較隱蔽的因果關(guān)系的連詞還有as, as表示原因,可譯為“由于，鑒于”，如：As he was not well, I decided to go without him(因?yàn)樗�病了，我決定一個(gè)人去)。

   【翻譯】但是，對(duì)于一小部分學(xué)生而言，職業(yè)培訓(xùn)也許是一種很好的途徑，因?yàn)�，在其他條件相同的情況下，擁有良好的技能對(duì)他們找工作結(jié)果的影響是不一樣的。

   The fact / that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree / answered the question / he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. (1999年真題)

   【分析】句子主干：The fact answered the question.“that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree”，“he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets”分別是the fact和the question的同位語，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說明。

   【翻譯】蘋果向下落到地面而不是向上飛到樹上，這一事實(shí)回答了他長期以來一直對(duì)天空中更大天體——月球和行星所存在的疑問。

   It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists / who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there /should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. (1999年真題)

   【分析】句子主干為：It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.“who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there”是定語從句修飾“scientists”的。

   【翻譯】審記員們完全有理由相信，那些確切地知道他們的目標(biāo)和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該由于一邊做著科學(xué)試驗(yàn)一邊需要盯著經(jīng)濟(jì)利益而分心。

   The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring—means / that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India / compared to the tribes. (2000年真題)

   【分析】句子主干為：The grand mediocrity of today / means that / natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India. “everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring”是插入部分，是對(duì)the grand mediocrity of today的一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說明�！癱ompared to the tribes”分詞短語作狀語，修飾“that”引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示that引導(dǎo)從句所說明的情況在the tribes同樣地發(fā)生了。(這里注意compared to與compared with的區(qū)別。compared to側(cè)重于表達(dá)“相當(dāng)于、等同于”的含義；compared with側(cè)重于表達(dá)“與……相比較”的含義。)

   【翻譯】今天的普通大眾，每個(gè)人有著同樣生存機(jī)會(huì)和同樣數(shù)量的后代，這意味著，自然選擇在印度上流社會(huì)已經(jīng)失去了80%以上的影響，在一些部落里情況也是一樣。

   However amazed our descendants may be at / how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. (2000年真題)

   【分析】該句理解難點(diǎn)在于分清however和how引導(dǎo)的是疑問句還是感嘆句。這里兩者引導(dǎo)的是兩個(gè)感嘆句充當(dāng)狀語從句(however和how表示感嘆語氣“無論……”，只不過前者表達(dá)的語氣更加強(qiáng)烈些)。

   【翻譯】不論我們的后代對(duì)我們距理想狀態(tài)之遙遠(yuǎn)感到多么驚訝，他們的長相將和我們一樣。

   In the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.(2001年真題)

   【分析】對(duì)于if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的理解方法，我們可以采用兩遍法。首先從主句到從句順讀一遍，然后先從if從句開始，再由從句到主句逆讀一遍，含義自然就明了(increasingly 越來越……)。

   【翻譯】在20世紀(jì)，區(qū)域地質(zhì)學(xué)研究只有在包含并思考范圍更廣泛的地質(zhì)學(xué)問題時(shí)，才會(huì)越來越被專業(yè)人員所接受。(注：picture，這里是引申用法，指情況或研究的問題。)

   For the women of my generation / who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s / is not so much a search / for the mythical good life——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one /——as a personal recognition of your limitations. (2001年真題)

   【分析】本句主干由not so much...as...(其準(zhǔn)確的翻譯應(yīng)為“與其……不如……”，而這種翻譯成中文之后通常讓人產(chǎn)生理解上的障礙。這種搭配出現(xiàn)在客觀試題的閱讀文章中，通�？梢灾苯影阉�理解成“不是……而是……��，讓句意更加清晰)固定搭配連接構(gòu)成的一個(gè)長句。定語從句“who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s”修飾“the women of my generation”。插入部分“growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one”，是對(duì)“the mythical good life”的具體說明。句子主干為：For the women of my generation is not so much a search for the mythical good life as a personal recognition of your limitations.

   【翻譯】對(duì)于我們這一代曾在整個(gè)80年代為生活奔波的女性來說， 90年代中期過著放慢生活節(jié)奏的生活，與其說是追求神話般的美好生活——自已種有機(jī)蔬菜，冒著變得毫無生機(jī)的危險(xiǎn)——倒不如說我們都認(rèn)識(shí)到了自己的局限。(注：one指代vegetable，引申是精神上像植物一樣沒有生氣的人。)

   Downshifting——also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”—— has, ironically, even bred a new area of / what might be termed / anti-consumerism.(2001年真題)

   【分析】由于插入成分，句子顯得稍長。對(duì)于有插入成分構(gòu)成的長句，首先要忽略插入成分，直接理解主句，然后再理解插入成分。插入成分通常是對(duì)緊鄰的前一句內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說明，在理解插入成分時(shí)，應(yīng)該結(jié)合所說明的內(nèi)容一起理解。句子主干為：Downshifting has bred a new area of / what might be termed / anti-consumerism.

   【翻譯】頗具諷刺意義的是，“放慢生活節(jié)奏”，在美國被稱為“甘愿簡樸”的生活方式居然產(chǎn)生出一個(gè)可稱為“反消費(fèi)主義”的新領(lǐng)域。

   I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will / after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She / after a build up of stress, /that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, /and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and / social status. (2001年真題)

   【分析】本句狀語較多，再加上多個(gè)并列動(dòng)名詞短語充當(dāng)賓語從句的主語，導(dǎo)致句式較長，難以形成連貫的語義。理解方法是學(xué)會(huì)斷句和抓主干。本句主干是由discovered后面帶一個(gè)賓語從句構(gòu)成。主干為：I have discovered that / abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, /and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and / social status.“as perhaps Kelsey will”是伴隨狀語從句的主干，“after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She / after a build up of stress”是兩個(gè)并列介詞短語作狀語修飾“as perhaps Kelsey will”，“abandoning the doctrine of ‘juggling your life’, /and making the alternative move into ‘downshifting’”是兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)名詞短語充當(dāng)賓語從句的主語。

   【翻譯】我發(fā)現(xiàn)，放棄那種“忙碌地應(yīng)付生活”的信念而選擇“放慢生活節(jié)奏”會(huì)帶來比金錢和社會(huì)地位更大的回報(bào)。經(jīng)受過長期巨大壓力，凱爾西從《女性》雜志編輯部退下來之后，恐怕她也將與我有同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。