新大綱對寫作的新要求

　　小作文 10分 80—100字文章

　　小作文寫作的范圍信函letter，報告report，備忘memo，摘要abstract

　　信函包括：詢問信、建議信、求職信、推薦信、邀請信、投訴信、辭職信、感謝信、道歉信。

　　大作文 15分 情景短文，根據(jù)要求寫一篇字數(shù)大約在150/200 words的議論文

　　小作文評分標準：

　　第五檔(9—10分)很好的完成了試題包含了所有的內容要點;使用豐富的語法結構和詞匯;語言自然流暢，語法錯誤極少;格式和語法恰當貼切

　　第四檔(7—8分)較好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務;包含所有內容要點，允許漏掉一，兩個次重點;使用較豐富的語法結構和詞匯;語言基本準確，只有在試圖使用較復雜結構時才有個別錯誤。

　　第三檔(5—6分)基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務，雖漏掉一些內容，但包含了多數(shù)內容要點;應用的語法結構和詞匯能滿足任務的要求;有一些語法及詞匯錯誤，但不影響理解。

　　第二檔(3—4分)未能按要求完成試題規(guī)定的任務;漏掉或未能闡述一些內容要點，寫了一些無關的內容;語法結構單調，詞匯項目有限;有較多的語法結構或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了對寫作內容的理解。

　　檔(1—2分)未完成試題規(guī)定的任務;明顯遺漏主要內容，且有許多不相關的內容;語法項目和詞匯的使用單調，重復;語言錯誤多。

　　小結：

　　1. 內容切題，包括提綱或圖畫的全部要點和信息

　　2. 表達清楚，意思連貫

　　3. 用詞正確，句式有變化，語言比較規(guī)范

　　4. 文章的字數(shù)符合要求)

　　閱卷老師評分的三個主要標準

　　1. 語言： 語言主要是時態(tài)，主謂一致;語言要豐富多彩，盡量使用同義詞語替換;句式也要求豐富多變，不要拘泥于主—謂—賓結構，長短句結合為宜。

　　2. 結構。文章往往采用“總—分—總”的關系，英語文章先論點后論證，結構清晰。

　　It is no exaggeration to say that telecommunications bring huge benefits and great convenience to our daily life. For instance, telephone makes it possible for people in different places to talk to one another; and mobile phone and e-mail even brings us much more convenience by enabling us to communicate with others regardless of time and place. Furthermore, thanks to the rapid growth of telecommunications, business corporations and government officials can manage their affairs far more efficiently through phone, fax, and on-line computer. It is an even more important information source for those research workers. Thus, we may say that modern life would be unimaginable without telecommunications.

　　3. 內容：觀點和思想不要創(chuàng)新，但一定要體現(xiàn)正向的心態(tài)，觀點不宜特例獨行。

　　寫作(12—15分鐘)

　　1. 結構與功能對應原則

　　在寫小作文過程中，應時刻牢記：應用文的實用性很強，最重要的特點就是結構與功能的對應原則。

　　2. 模板句活用原則

　　3. 檢查(2—3分鐘)

　　格式檢查：應用文對格式是有很高的要求的，書信中前有日期、稱呼語后有結束語

　　拼寫語法是否錯誤：檢查時看看有沒有語法結構和拼寫錯誤。不影響卷面的整潔

　　== 大小作文必備的語法 ==：

　　1. 過去成時表示過去某時之前已完成的動作或狀況。在時間上, 它屬于“過去的過去”。

　　a. No sooner had the foot ball game begun than it started raining

　　b. Hardly/Scarcely had I arrived when I began to write to you.

　　c. By the end of 2008, the number of users of mobile phones had reached up to 1.2 billions.

　　2. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示目前已完成的動作或剛剛完成的動作。

　　Otherwise, we will pay a heavy price for what we have done sooner or later.

　　還有up to now, so far, these days, for, since 等…(后接一段時間的短語),

　　a. So far I haven't heard of anybody who wants stop living on account of the cost.

　　迄今為止，我從未聽說過有人因生活費過昂而不要生存下去的。

　　b. Up to now the number of users of cell phones has reached up to 1.2 billions around the world.

　　c. In some countries，economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan，for instance，average income has doubled in/over the past 20 years，and in South Korea it has doubled in/over the past 10 years

　　3. 將來完成時表示將來某時前已完成的動作, 它與可用來表示推測。

　　a. I hope that you will have solved my problems by the end of the next week.

　　b. By the end of next year, many more high-rises will have been built around there.

　　4. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 “一直在” have/has been doing

　　現(xiàn)在完成時間時表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。此動作或情況可能已停止, 也可能繼續(xù)下經也可表示剛結束的動作。 It has been raining this week.

　　a. … has, undoubtedly, been playing a significant role in our life as well as our work.(undoubtedly=there is no doubt that…)

　　b In recent years, the volunteering spirit has been spreading among the Chinese people, especially among youngsters.

　　特別提醒：同學們，記住了在寫作中會熟練使用完成時態(tài)和過去時嗎?

　　二.語態(tài)

　　英語又主動和被動語態(tài)兩種，英文多被動，中文多主動，所以我們寫英語作文時會有意識地用些被動語態(tài)嗎?

　　a. It may be said without the fear of exaggeration that telecommunications bring huge convenience as well as large benefits to our daily life.

　　b. It is well known that … 大家知道(眾所周知)……/It is generally accepted that…./it is universally acknowledged that…

　　c. It must be pointed out that … 我們必須指出……

　　d. Along with the advance of our society, …is of great significance. As a matter of fact, not too much can be emphasized about the significance of ____.

　　e. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of

　　taking up the habit of smoking.

　　f. Special attention should be paid to the protection of rare animals.

　　特別提醒：英語的被動語態(tài)基本上都需要用中文的主動語態(tài)來理解---這是被動語態(tài)在翻譯和閱讀中的應用。其次，被動語態(tài)在作文里應用需要記住的是“必須意識到”、“必須指出”、“毫不夸張的說”、“或許有人會認為”等

　　三. 虛擬語氣

　　1. 請記住一下三種基本形式

　　a. If it were to rain tomorrow, the game would be put off.

　　b. If you did not solve my problems, I would complain about the quality of the shoes I bought.

　　c. If we hadn’t made adequate preparations last year, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.

　　注意：混合式的虛擬語氣：If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now.

　　引導非真實條件從句的連詞if在正式文件中有時可以省去, were, had, should等非行為動詞這時應提到從句句首。

　　If I were you, I wouldn’t feel sorry. →Were I you, I wouldn’t feel sorry.

　　如果我要是經理，我就會盡快解決電話費用問題

　　Were I your manager, I would solve the problem of phone bill as soon as possible.

　　2. But for, without, with, 型的虛擬語氣

　　a. But for your help, I would not have been pleasant in America.

　　b. Our modern life would be un-imaginable without .

　　c. Our modern life would be un-imaginable with

　　d. It is extremely difficult to imagine what our modern life would be like without/with____.

　　3. It is necessary/essential/important/vital/natural that somebody should do sth /that something should be done.

　　a. It is vital that our government pass laws to ban fake diploma.

　　b. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to popularize our Chinese in the world.

　　4. 建議型/it is suggested/proposed/desired that somebody should do sth/ that something should be done

　　It is suggested that rare animals should be protected as friends of human beings.

　　5. I wish that 型

　　a. I wish that you would solve my problems as soon as possible.

　　b. I wish that I had visited USA last year.

　　c. I wish that I had a better job to make a living for myself as well as my family.

　　6. It is high time that 型 (該句式完全可以用在問題解決型的作文里)

　　It is high time that some measures were taken to (for example, ban and restrict …). First and foremost, it is vital that our government pass laws to . Secondly, media should play a significant role of educator in arousing people’s awareness of …. In addition, we everyone should be aware of the significance and seriousness of ____. The more I understand it, the better we can improve it for our society.

　　最后請記住

　　虛擬是英語作文的制勝法寶，閱卷老師也是大學教師，天天在課堂上跟學生強調虛擬語氣，加入在你的作文里用上了一個虛擬語氣的句子，閱卷老師會多么心花怒放啊!

　　四，英語強調句式

　　It is …that…強調句式

　　注意, 強調結構不能用來強調謂語動詞和表語(強調謂語是do,does,did：I do love you)。

　　1. It was Chinese that is of great significance in our modern life other than our society.

　　2. It is how to ban and restrict the use of plastic bags that they discussed last week.

　　3. It was because he was too careless that he broke all the glasses.

　　4. It is in this room that I was born 30 years ago.

　　五.英語倒裝句式

　　a. Hardly/Scarcely had I arrived when I began to write to you.

　　b. With globalization have come many problems./With the development of society have come many problem, one of which is ….

　　c. only through____ can we solve it (only through our joint effort can we solve it as soon as possible).

　　d. Only when we realize the significance and seriousness of this problem can we solve it very well

　　e. So serious is this problem that we have no choice/alternative but to take some feasible measures to deal with it.

　　f. Not only does it reflect the improvement of our life, but also it mirrors the rapid development of our economy.

　　六.情態(tài)動詞

　　1. Can, could, be able to do sth/ can not do sth=fail to do sth/be unable to do sth

　　2. may, might, be likely to do sth/ may not do sth, be unlikely to do sth

　　3. must, have to

　　七. 形容詞和動詞作主語的問題

　　To have good knowledge of globalization is indispensable for this conference.

　　Having good command of English is essential for this conference

　　What is important for this conference is to have good command of English

　　What is indispensable for this conference is to speak English fluently.

　　八. 散見在閱讀中的好句子

　　1. Is language，like food，a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?

　　2. There is a new type of … becoming increasingly common in our study as well as our society.

　　3. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form.

　　4. There was a time when(In the past) job seekers simply wrote letters of application.

　　5. There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

　　6. …may become a tool which opens windows to the world, unlocks doors to the opportunities and expands our mind to new ideas.

　　想要報考MBA的同學可登陸育路MBA院校庫(http://bugaw.cn/mba/school/)查詢招生信息，并且可測試提前面試錄取幾率，也可添加老師微信（xyy558609）直接咨詢。

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