2003年西北大學化學系有機化學碩士研究生復試題(共3頁,17道題,滿分100分,可以不抄題,寫清題號
1. 請敘述你參加過或正在從事的科研課題的題目、意義、成果,并隨卷子寄來你發(fā)表的論文、學士論文。若應屆生尚未完成學士論文的,請你的指導教師在你寫的本題答案后簽字。(10分)
2. 有機化合物結(jié)構(gòu)測定前為什么要先做樣品的純度檢驗?請敘述有機化合物的純度檢驗如何進行?(5分)
3. 下列兩個化合物中Ha和Hb的化學位移哪個大?為什么?(2分)
4. 有一個化合物的分子量為116,MS中M :M+1峰豐度比為100:6.5,在C6H14NO ;C6H12O2 ;C8H4O三個式子中哪個是可能的分子式?說明理由。(4分)5.在常溫下,下列有*號的質(zhì)子在1H-NMR中出幾重峰(CDCl3溶劑)(4分)
6.某化合物的質(zhì)譜部分數(shù)據(jù)如下,推測可能的分子式,寫出推測過程:(5分) m/z 104 105 121 122 123 124 RI 13 1.0 89 100 7.9 0.7 7.某種農(nóng)藥的合成步驟如下:(5分) 產(chǎn)物的 1HNMR數(shù)據(jù)如下: δ1.34(d,6H); δ4.32(s,2H); δ5.8(m,1H); δ7~7.8(m,5H)請推測產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu),寫出推測過程。
8.有一化合物分子式C7H6O,其IR光譜圖如下,試推測結(jié)構(gòu),寫出推測過程。 (5分)
9. 將以下段落翻譯為中文(5分)The importance of carbanions in synthesis is exemplified by the Grignard and Wittig reactions. Although they are among the most versatile and useful reactions in organic chemistry, carbanion-based reactions are generally known to be very sensitive towards air and water. The required deviation from ambient conditions along with the commonly used methods for their generation leads to several fundamental drawbacks when the Principles of Green Chemistry are applied: (1) large volumes of anhydrous organic solvents are required which could potentially increase volatile organic emissions; (2) anhydrous conditions require excess drying agents which leads to unwanted waste; (3) anhydrous conditions also require the protection of functional groups such as hydroxy groups and carboxylic acids; (4) the requirement of inert gas atmosphere implies that the catalyst is prone to deactivation, which will increase the amounts of metal waste; (5) requirement of stoichiometric amounts of metals also leads to a large amount of metal waste; and (6) the general use of organic halides as the carbanion source will generate a stoichiometric amount of halide waste, as well as requiring multi-step synthesis of halides.
10. 減壓蒸餾裝置中導氣毛細管有什么作用? 如不用導氣毛細管, 用什么方法可以代替?該替代辦法除起到毛細管的作用外,還有什么優(yōu)點? (5分)
11. AlCl3催化苯與醋酸酐反應制備苯乙酮實驗中, 隨著醋酸酐的逐漸加入反應瓶內(nèi)會有什么現(xiàn)象變化? (3分)
12. 在萃取中, 有哪些方法可以用來判斷有機層是在上層或下層? (3分)13. 水蒸氣蒸餾如何判斷蒸餾結(jié)束? (3分)
14. 一般從庫房中領(lǐng)到的苯甲醛其瓶中有少量白色固體,此白色固體是什么?(3分)
15. 薄層色譜中,樣品Rf數(shù)值如果太大或太小,如何調(diào)節(jié)?(4分)
16. 有機溶劑重結(jié)晶應采用什么樣熱溶解裝置?對于冷卻后容易析出的化合物在熱過濾時如何避免損失?(4分)
17. 由指定原料合成目標物,其它試劑自選 (30分)
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