北京新航道學(xué)校 李傳偉

　　第七天：尋找線(xiàn)索 破解新題---7選5解題思路

　　一、基本技巧

　　關(guān)于新題型，2006年考綱上公布的新題型有三種，但這三種題型多少都涉及文章的銜接(cohesion)與連貫(coherence)，其中7選5這種題型比較基礎(chǔ)，也比較具代表性，因此下面介紹的技巧以7選5為例。這種題的做題技巧主要包括兩個(gè)方面：做題步驟與判斷方法。

　　一)做題步驟

　　1.閱讀各個(gè)空的前后句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞

　　在閱讀文章的開(kāi)始部分、明確文章的基本話(huà)題以后，要閱讀五個(gè)空各自的前后句，并將前后句中的解題線(xiàn)索，即關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記下來(lái)。關(guān)鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞組(如帶有形容詞的名詞詞組)、專(zhuān)有名詞、時(shí)間數(shù)字、代詞、連詞等。

　　2.閱讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，尤其是選項(xiàng)的首句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞

　　3.比較上述兩類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞，確定答案

　　4.將確定的答案代入原文，看讀起來(lái)是否通順。

　　二)判斷方法

　　在標(biāo)記了原文與選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞以后，可以按照下列原則判斷原文的空與選項(xiàng)是否匹配：

　　1.詞匯銜接

　　正確選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞一般重復(fù)前一句的關(guān)鍵詞，也與下一句的關(guān)鍵詞相呼應(yīng)。

　　2.邏輯銜接

　　正確選項(xiàng)與原文空之前的句子在邏輯上是連貫的。例如，前一句使用although，那么正確選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與之相反。

　　3.代詞銜接

　　正確選項(xiàng)中代詞之后的關(guān)鍵詞一定在原文的前一句談?wù)撨^(guò)。例如，如果選項(xiàng)中說(shuō)this reward，而且這一選項(xiàng)是正確答案，那么原文中的空之前的句中一定出現(xiàn)過(guò)reward這個(gè)詞或它的同義詞。

　　二、2006年真題新題型分析

　　Directions:

　　In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, last approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.

　　He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left .On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.

　　(41)_________________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m, then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m .Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.

　　In March 1998, a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.

　　(42) _____________________________.

　　The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning, “Enjoy the fun… and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.

　　(43)_________________________.

　　The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling ”involves president, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

　　(44)___________________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders skin to physical disabilities.

　　(45)____________________.

　　Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on - you might say addicted to - revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gambler’s dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual cosines every week, with $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has ,passed pornography as the web’s webs most profitable business.

　　(A) Although no such evidence was preserved, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino ad used his Fun Card without being detected.

　　(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

　　(C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit, one night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.

　　(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy, the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.

　　(E) David Williams suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.

　　(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addiction what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

　　(G) The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to more against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?　　

　　1.標(biāo)記空前后句中的關(guān)鍵詞

　　本文以Williams為例，討論賭博的危害性。各個(gè)空前后句的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記如下：

　　41.空前：名詞詞組electronic morphine(電子嗎啡，意思是上癮)；數(shù)字20、800�？蘸螅簲�(shù)字21，000等。說(shuō)明空中要填入的選項(xiàng)可能包含數(shù)字，并且描述了賭博上癮的情況。

　　42.名詞letter等。說(shuō)明空中要填入的選項(xiàng)可能包含letter或其同義詞。

　　43.引號(hào)中的關(guān)鍵詞：lure, conduct against his will。

　　44.關(guān)鍵詞：diagnostic, mental disorder, pathological。說(shuō)明空中要填入的選項(xiàng)可能涉及與醫(yī)學(xué)有關(guān)的行為。

　　45.空后句中的關(guān)鍵詞：forty-five states。說(shuō)明空中要填入的選項(xiàng)可能涉及政府行為。而且forty-five states是具體說(shuō)明，那么它前面的空應(yīng)該是總論政府的行為。

　　2.標(biāo)記選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞

　　(A)such evidence, mailings。Such evidence說(shuō)明空的前一句可能提到過(guò)一種evidence(證據(jù))，選項(xiàng)中的continued to pepper him with mailings說(shuō)明空的前一句提到過(guò)mailings(寫(xiě)信)一類(lèi)的東西。

　　(B)luring，will。What luring說(shuō)明luring 或其同義詞在前一句出現(xiàn)過(guò)。His will說(shuō)明will或其同義詞在前一句出現(xiàn)過(guò)。

　　(C)數(shù)字5,000；賭博上癮(did not quit)。說(shuō)明前一句可能提到數(shù)字，而且涉及賭博上癮的說(shuō)明。

　　(D)common feature; social policy; government�！�

　　(E)David Williams’s suit；this gambling nation�！�

　　(F)medicalizing more and more behavioral problems。more and more說(shuō)明空前已經(jīng)以醫(yī)療方式(medicalizing)處理過(guò)類(lèi)似問(wèn)題。

　　(G) online gambling。

　　3.比較兩類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞

　　將7個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞與5個(gè)空的前后句中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)匹配的是：

　　41與C、42與A、43與B、44與F、　45與D。

　　4.代入原文

　　將確定的選項(xiàng)代入原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)意義上與邏輯上都通順，因此為正確答案。