Part Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points)

At the last conmmittee meeting,the motion that the sale of the alcohol _____ unlawful was defeated.
A．was made
B．was to be made
C．be made
D．would be made

The agency, _____ to set and enforce health standard for American workers,has been promising a cotton dust standard for several years.
A．which is
B．which it is
C．whose job it is
D．whose job is

People were afraid to leave their house, _____ the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency,they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
A．a(chǎn)nd even if
B．but since
C．however after
D．for though

As long as we alive,we are learning and ,in fact,some of our most important learning takes place outside of school _____ in school.
A．better than
B．rather than
C．other than
D．more than

The tremendous heat at a star's core, _____ tremendous gravity,joins the nuclei of hydrogen atoms.
A．combined with
B．having combined with
C．combining with
D．being combined to

Success in life does not depend so much on one's school record _____ on one's honesty and diligence.
A．but
B．whereas
C．a(chǎn)s
D．like

Though she could hardly make ends meet herself,she managed to save _____ she could out of her slim salary to help her brother to go to school.
A．how little money
B．such little money
C．so little money
D．what little money

In learning a foreign language, _____ Engligh,one should first pay attention to speaking,which is the groundwork of reading and writing.
A．says
B．say
C．to say
D．saying

It is strange that he _____ so rude to you,though you did so much for him.
A．should be
B．should have been
C．is
D．was

_____ can help but admit that drastic changes have taken place in China since the economic reform in 1979.
A．Everybody
B．Anybody
C．Somebody
D．Nobody

Section B
Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points)

Never say anything (A) behind a person's back if (B) you wouldn't (C) say to (D) his face.

It is not (A) because they were afraid of earthquakes, but (B) because there was a trend for living (C) in the suburbs so (D) after Wold War Ⅱ many San Franciscans left the city houses and moved to the suburb.

As (A) a general observation,many physicians regret having (B) never (C) taken a course (D) in the history of medicine.

It is difficult for us to explain phenomena (A) which (B) we have little or (C) no direct (D) knowledge.

There lived (A) in the village the peasants who enjoy no sickness (B) benefits,no old�瞐ge pensions (C) not any (D) holidays?shy;.

The change which these years have brought about (A) is too (B) remarkable to pass over (C) without being noticed (D) .

I have too many (A) things to attend (B) to that a holiday for (C) me now is out of the question (D) .

When we sit at the table,we must wait for everyone (A) before starting (B) eating.Sometimes you (C) have to wait until the head (D) of the family begins eating.

Emphasis is laid on (A) the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (B) will be taken (C) into account before starting (D) a new project.

Although (A) a majority of the houses in that area is (B) still in need of repair (C) ,there has been much inprovement in their (D) appearance.

Section C
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

I don't think I'd like to share a flat with her.I'd find it difficult to _____ her standards of order.
A．live up to
B．keep up to
C．face up to
D．make up to

The hero in the book was _____ by his enemies and left in a gas�瞗illed room,but he managed to escape.
A．bound up
B．tied up
C．locked up
D．knocked over

He has _____ a very odd set of people.I hope they won't have a bad influence on him.
A．got mixed up with
B．got involved in
C．lined up with
D．come up with

I can _____ her sudden friendiness;she wants me to look after her parrot while she is away.
A．work out
B．make out
C．see through
D．figure out

Because American parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life,they try to give youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and _____ interests.
A．worth
B．worthy
C．valuable
D．worthwhile

People today spend a _____ portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children.
A．considerable
B．significant
C．substantial
D．surplus

Since she inherited her father's fortune,she is completely independent _____ her husband.
A．from
B．on
C.of
D.with

A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and _____ funds by selling tickets at a full price.
A．furnish
B．raise
C．a(chǎn)ccumulate
D．contribute

Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal _____ of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.
A．measure
B．intermediate
C．medium
D．mechanism

Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. _____ the usual displays,they also offer film showings and dance programs.
A．As well as
B．Rather than
C．With the exception of
D．In addition to

It is true that road travel in the old days was difficult, _____ and uncomfortable,but it was comparatively safe.
A．tedious
B．irritable
C．worrying
D．disinteresting

By giving him electrical shock treatment,the doctor has _____ a partial cure of his short sightedness.
A．a(chǎn)ffected
B．effected
C．a(chǎn)fforded
D．rendered

Chinese diplomatic envoys were sent who should strengthen our international position and strive for world peace and friendly _____ among peoples.
A．collaboration
B．harmony
C．coordination
D.intercourse

The Wall Street multi�瞞illionaires are looking for new markets overseas where they can _____ their surplus goods.
A．damp
B．deliver
C．dump
D．stamp

The young soldier killed 25 enemies in a close battle,for which he was _____ the title of Combat Hero.
A．a(chǎn)warded
B．rewarded
C．conferred
D．honoured

Vietnam military costs _____ economic weaknesses in the United States,which cleverly exported its inflation abroad.
A．reinforced
B．strengthened
C．a(chǎn)ccelerated
D．intensified

Not a few excellent proposals by the countries of the third world have been _____ to the Unifed Nations,acceptance of which will strengthen peace and lessen the danger of war.
A．submitted
B．suggested
C．a(chǎn)dvanced
D．released

I had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour without any result when all at once the solution _____ across my mind.
A．flushed
B．flickered
C．flared
D．flashed

For some rare cases,the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the patient's _____ only but also on the results of tests.
A．complaints
B．reports
C．statements
D．symptoms

Before suburbanization which began during the emergence of the industrial city,the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved around on foot and goods were _____ by horse and cart.
A．conveyed
B．surveyed
C．forwarded
D．delivered

Part II Cloze Test
Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Every day, hundreds of thousands of social scientists go to work. Meanwhile, most of the rest of the world believes that social science is frivolous (不重要的、無意義的)and useless. More to the 41 ，even those in government and business who sometimes hope to use research frequently 42 that social science is irrelevant,incomprehensible or 43 low quality. Researchers are usually unable to 44 specific instances of their work 45 used.
Social scientists are 46 that their work is not used as they think it should be, and dismayed 47 they do not share the social respect of natural scientists. Sometimes this situation may endanger research funds. 48 their economies in trouble,nations like the U.S. and Britain have begun to decide that social science is a luxury that they can do 49 .As a result, the “underutilization”of research has received a surge of new attention of the social scientists although the field has had citations increase fifty�瞗old in the twenty years 50 1976．

41．A．effect B．point C．contrary D．a(chǎn)dvantage
42．A．a(chǎn)ccuse B．object C．testify D．complain
43．A．is B．of C．a(chǎn)t D．very
44．A．cite B．confirm C．contend D．conceive
45．A．being B．to be C．has been D．which is
46．A．fascinated B．overwhelmed C．terrified D．frustrated
47．A．if B．once C．that D．whenever
48．A．With B．Despite C．Lest D．Because of
49．A．with B．within C．without D．a(chǎn)way with
50．A．prior B．previous C．preceding D．precedent

Part Ⅲ Readling Comprehension
Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)

Passage 1

The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today's prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.
In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine, for example)may be a specialty good in the United States.
People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.
Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.
Shopping goods fall into two classes:those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price,or they will not matter at all.
Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally,specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics.
Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about.Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance,for which most people will usually not bother shopping.

A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if _____ .
A.it is used at home to do paper work
B.it is used by a writer to type a novel
C.it becomes the only means to an end
D.a writer does not want to use it

Staples(in the third paragraph) are commodities _____ .
A.that people are in constant need of
B.that people do not really want
C.that people want but don't need
D.that are convenient to purchase

Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those _____ .
A.that satisfy similar needs of the consumer
B.that consumers don't care where to buy them
C.that consumers spend much time to look for
D.that can be found in nearly every shop

Unsought goods _____ .
A.have to be new
B.have to be standardized
C.have to be promoted
D.have to be sent to consumers'ｓ homes

Passage 2

The listener has a given amount of energy to expend in completing the communication process. Any distraction that demands part of that energy will diminish the probability that communication will take place.One of the easiest distractions to eliminate is the too soft voice. You will find it necessary to adjust your voice level to accommodate the size of the room,the number of people in the audience, the furnishings, and the ambient noise level.
The desired level is one that seems slightly greater than that normally heard in conversation.If the room is large and filled with people, you will have to put an appropriate amount of power in your voice to be easily heard. In some cases, you may require electronic amplification, which will usually enable you to speak in an ordinary conversational tone.
Furnishings such as heavy carpets and drapes absorb a good deal of sound, thereby creating a deadening effect on the speaker's voice. You should be able to judge the effects of the furnishings after speaking the first few sentences. You can then modify your voice level as necessary to account for any sound�瞐bsorbing material.
The ambient noise in the room may be made up of motor sounds from and overhead projector, airconditioning ,outside traffic, etc. You may find it necessary to vary your voice level at times to adjust for changes in the ambient noise level.
Finally,you should be aware of cues from members of the audience who may communicate by body language an inability to hear what you are saying.

This passage is mainly concerned with _____ .
A．the communcation between a speaker and the audience
B．the use of body language in addressing an audience
C．various distractions of a speaker from the speech
D．the appropriate use of voice level in public speech

The second sentence in the first paragraph intends to render the idea that _____ .
A．distractions will render communication unlikely to happen
B．a(chǎn)ttention to the audience in public speech is most important
C．it takes great effort to overcome any distraction in public communication
D．it is impossible to communicate when the audience are distracted from the speech

The second paragraph points out that it is important for a speaker _____ .
A．to speak in an ordinary conversational tone
B．to use electronic amplification in a large room
C．to speak in a loud voice as in conversation
D．to adapt voice level to the size of the room

According to the passage, in the course of speaking, a speaker should _____ .
A．use overhead projectors to help him
B．pay enough attention to the audience's reaction
C．raise voice level to create special effect
D．ignore any distraction from the environment

Passage 3

Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess.In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. On creating a lens, lens designers attempts to “trap”light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to converge on a single point in the image,as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way.The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as in chess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. The same principles apply to all lenses.
The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player. The designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the countless number of possibilities.Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology,information theory, chemistry, industral engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass�瞤roduced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past. Moreover, their price may be lower, in spite of fact that the 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens desigher cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled:it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.

In what way does lens design resemble chess?
A.In the number of steps each takes towards the goal.
B.In the designs of the two activities.
C.The steps to the goals and the goal itself are known.
D.Each has a doer and a competitor.

In lens design, _____ .
A.it is completely impossible to pre�瞫et the best steps along the way
B.it is always very hard to solve any problems
C.one can work out a best solution to problems in each step
D.there are countless steps towards the final goal

Compared with a chess player,lens designer _____ .
A.can put his design to mass�瞤roduction.
B.can draw on various sources in his work
C.can reduce the cost of lens production
D.has no one to train him before taking up the work

A lens designer in the past _____ .
A.did their work better
B.did not use glass for making lenses
C.was usually poor
D.designed the lens all by himself

Passage 4

A question that health�瞔onscious consumers may ask when buying produce is whether they are free of pesticides. But currently, there is no federal standard for pesticide�瞗ree “organically grown”foods foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. The result, says U.S. Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, is that consumers “too often see confusing and unsubstantiated claims such as ‘organically grown’and ‘natural’”.
Currently, 22 states have some kind of certification program or at least requirements for third�瞤arty certification. Look for the words “certified organically grown”or similar wording. In most cases, that means that no synthetic pesticides have been used in three years and that no synthetic fertilizers have been used in two or three years. Even if your state does not have its own program, you may have seen organically grown produce in the marketplace. If you want to know exactly what that means, ask the store's manager or the produce buyer about how the store's “organic” produce was grown.
Legislation to establish a natural standard for organically grown produce is making its way through Congress. The U．S. Department of Agriculture would be responsible for the certification program. The legislation also would establish standards for processed foods claiming organic ingredients. But in the meantime, if you want to be certain that the produce you eat is pesticide�瞗ree,you have two options. You can buy your fruits and vegetables from someone you know or you can grow your own.

The passage implies that _____ ．
A．there is really no organically grown produce yet
B．some foods are falsely labeled
C．some states are slow in making laws concerned
D．each state should stop certifying certain foods

If certain kind of food is labeled as “certified organically”,it should mean that _____ ．
A．the food is grown without any chemicals and is natural
B．it is certified in the state in which it is grown
C．it is certified by the U．S． Department of Agriculture
D．no synthetic pesticides or fertilizers have been used on them over a certain period of time

The author advises consumers to _____ .
A．look for foods with such words as “certified organically grown”
B．grow their own food without synthetic chemicals
C．buy foods from a seller they often deal with
D．make sure the foods are pesticide�瞗ree before buying them

Legislation to set up a standard for organically grown produce _____ ．
A．is being debated in the Congress
B．has come into effect
C．is in the charge of the U．S. Department of Agriculture
D．is delayed due to disagreement in Congress

Passage 5

Angyal described the case of a man with a domineering father who showed extreme swings of mood in relation to his son. At times, he was affectionate, played with the child, and told him interesting and imaginative stories. At other times he showed violent outbursts of rage and would beat his son so badly that the child thought he would be killed. The boy had numerous fantasies, including one in which his father was killed by a cunning bandit who came to the house cleverly disguised as the father. As Angyal put it, the fantasy dramatized the child's confusion as to whether he was living in a loving house or in a cruel, alien world that merely masqueraded as pleasant. The fantasy was aimed at dispelling his confusion about the father, whose behaviour made him both God and devil．
But this daydream ,implying the murder and loss of the underlying good father,was unacceptable to the boy and failed to solve his doubts. He began to behave compulsively, such as making sure when out walking to step only on stones and never to walk on the bare earth a magical hope of resolving his confusion. Once as he walked in the backyard he ran out of stones to step on and suddenly stood stuck still on the last stone between the yard and his rear steps. He stayed there for an hour until finally his father came and picked him up, freeing him from his immobility. Once the boy overheard his father saying “I live only for the family”only to hear his grandfather say: “No, you only live for yourself!”All of these seeming contradictions made the boy grow into a man endlessly shifting back and forth between positions, unable to take a stand except on irrelevant and unimportant issues in daily life.

Angyal explained the boy's fantasy as _____ ．
A．his wish to kill his father
B．his eagerness to be loved
C．resulting from lack of love
D．his confused feeling towards his father

The expression “masqueraded as pleasant”(the fifth sentence in paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to _____ ．
A．was described as being pleasant
B．was mistaken as being pleasant
C．a(chǎn)ppeared pleasant
D．turned out to be pleasant

The story of the boy's walking on the stones shows that _____ .
A．he wished to solve his problem
B．he wanted to get his father killed
C．he wished that his father could help him
D．he was emotionally tolerated and had gone crazy

What the grandfather said _____ .
A．made it clear that the father was very selfish
B．proved that the father had a distorted character
C．confirmed the boy in his belief
D．made the boy even more confused

Part IV English-Chinese Translation
Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)

The three S'ｓthe keys to making a building stay up for ever were discovered by Imhotep, architect of the 4600�瞴ear�瞣ld Great Pyramid of Gizeh.They are shape, size and soil.
Firstly, shape.you can't beat a pointy building with a flat base.(71) Spreading its huge weight over a wide area, and with a centre of gravity far from any edges, a pyramid cannot topple over. Other shapes can also do the trick. As the 1800�瞴ear old Pantheon in Rome demonstrates,domes can give a building enormous strength and rigidity.
Size also matters:whatever else the Pyramids are, economically they are not.(72) They are massively over�瞖ngineered: six million tons of limestone in the case of the Great Pyramids of Gizeh, and all to house a few burial chambers no bigger than semi�瞕etached houses. In medieval times, the great cathedrals were a little more frugally constructed, but even they'd be hopelessly expensive to build today.
Yet even the mightiest buildings can be laid low if they are built on dubious soil.(73) Around 2500 B.C,the sand foundations of the half�瞗inished pyramid at Meidum gave way, and 250000 tons of its limestone surface came sliding off its sides.
(74) Poor foundations could yet destroy the Leaning Tower of Pisa, still toppling at a millimetre a year, despite having 800 tons of lead stabilizer wrapped around its base.
Earthquakes are the real giant-killers. Ironically, the very strength and rigidity that usually protects buildings counts against them in earthquakes, as they lack any "give".
Particularly at risk are brick-built and concrete-frame buildings,which are simply torn apart by the to-and-fro motion of the ground.Rubber-padded foundations, which are used in some buildings in California, do not seem to help much either:the buildings have a nasty tendency to wobble too far.
(75) Curiously,multi-story steel-framed skyscrapers fare pretty well:their gigantic size makes them vibrate very slowly in all but the biggest of quakes, and their deep foundations and frames are strong enough to withstand the movement.
Part V Writing (15 points)
Directions:
A.Title: Travel in Holidays
B.You should write an essay based on the outline below in no less than 150 words
C.Your essay should be written clearly on Answer Sheet II.
Outline:
1．很多學(xué)生利用假期旅游
2．旅游之前應(yīng)做的準備工作
3．旅游時除觀光外應(yīng)該注意的事項

考研英語模擬試題答案分析[4]

Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A

(C) motion,“動議”，后接同位語從句，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用原形表示虛擬。

(C) 應(yīng)選非限定性定語從句whose job it is…，相當于it is the agency's job to set and enforce…。

(D) for though是復(fù)合從屬連詞。for引導(dǎo)的句子是表示前面內(nèi)容的原因或理由，though是該句中的從句。全句大意是：“人們不敢離開家，因為一旦出現(xiàn)緊急情況，雖有警察在旁待命，但他們也與其他人一樣慌作一團，無能為力。”

(B) rather than,“而不是”，符合句意。

(A) combined with 此處表示一種一般情況，相當于when(it is )combined with，所以無需時態(tài)變化。

(C) 這是…not so …as比較句型。

(D) what在這里是關(guān)系形容詞，表示“所……的”、“盡可能多的”。what little money she could(save)=that little money which she could(save)out of her slim salary…。

(B) say 這里的意思是for example，是一種習慣用法。請參見1995年考題(5)。

(B) It is strange that…句型中，從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用should have done，意為：“竟然”。

(D) 此句用的是cannot help but do，“不能不……”，為習慣用法，只不過將cannot的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到了主語nobody。請參見1995年考題(4)。注意下面的不同表達方式：Anybody cannot help but…＝Nobody can help but…＝Anybody cannot but…
＝Nobody can but…。

Section B

(B)錯 應(yīng)改成：that,引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾anything。

(D)錯 應(yīng)改成：that 。此句用的是It is…that強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。

(C)錯 應(yīng)將never置于having前。非謂語動詞的否定形式，都要將否定詞放在非謂語動詞的前面，無論是動名詞、分詞還是不定式。

(B)錯 應(yīng)改為：of which。因為which的先行詞是phenomena,which從句做介詞of的賓語，修飾phenomena。

(D)錯 應(yīng)改成：no (holidays),與 no sickness benefits,no old age pensions構(gòu)成并列賓語，要用同一形式。

(C)錯 應(yīng)改成被動結(jié)構(gòu)：to be passed over,因與change是被動關(guān)系。

(A)錯 應(yīng)改為：so many,因此句采用的是so…that句型，表示結(jié)果。

(C)錯 應(yīng)改成：we。雖然we和you都可以泛指，但在同一句中或上下文中要采用同一個代詞，以免引起誤解、混亂。請參見1996年考題(14)。

(C)錯 應(yīng)改成：should be taken 或be taken。名詞necessity后接that從句時，從句中謂語動詞應(yīng)用虛擬形式。

(B)錯 應(yīng)改成:are。a majority of…，a number of…，a variety of…做主語時，謂語動詞都應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而the majority of…，the variety of…做主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，切勿混淆。

Section C

(A) live up to,“做到”、“達到……的標準”；keep up to 不是固定短語；face up to,“大膽面對”；make up to (sb.),“巴結(jié)”、“奉承”。

(B) tie sb.up，“把……捆綁起來”；bind up,“包扎”、“裝訂(書)成冊”；lock sb.up,“鎖起來”；knock over,“打翻”。

(A) get mixed up with,“與……混在一起”；get involved in,“卷入……”；line up with…，“成為……同盟者”、“與……聯(lián)合”；come up with，“趕上”、“提出”。

(C) see through,“看穿”、“識破”；work out,“制訂”、“做出”； make out,figure out,“搞清楚”、“弄明白”。

(D) worthwhile,“值得花時間(精力)的”；worth,介詞，后接動名詞或名詞；worthy,“有價值的”，常做表語；valuable,“值錢的”、“貴重的”。

(A) considerable,“相當多的”；significant,“有意義的”；substantial，“實質(zhì)的”、“真實的”、“結(jié)實的”；surplus,“剩余的”。

(C) independent of,“不依賴于……”，為固定搭配。

(B) raise funds,“集資”；furnish,“提供”；accumulate,“積蓄”；contribute,“為……貢獻”。按句意選B。

(C) medium,“媒介”，復(fù)數(shù)形式是 media；measure，“措施”、“辦法”；intermediate,指時間、空間、程度的“中間物”；mechanism，“機制”。

(D) in addition to,“除了……還”；as well as,“以及”，多用在后面，一般不出現(xiàn)在句首；rather than,“而不是”，句子后半部有also,所以不能用rather than;with the exception of,“除了……以外”，相當于except,用在句中顯然不合適。

(A) tedious,“乏味”；irritable,“易激怒的”、“煩躁的”；worrying,“令人擔憂的”；disinteresting,“不感興趣的”。

(B) effect，“實現(xiàn)”、“達到……的目的”；affect，“影響”；afford，“負擔得起”；render:present,ofter,“呈遞”、“提供”。

(D) intercourse,“往來”、“交往”；harmony,“和諧”；coordination,“協(xié)作”、“協(xié)調(diào)”；collaboration,“協(xié)作”、“勾結(jié)”。

(C) dump,“傾銷”、“傾倒”；damp,“潮濕的”，形容詞；deliver,“發(fā)送”、“投遞(信件)”；stamp,“跺腳”、“蓋章”。

(A) award,“授予”、“獎給”；reward,“報答”；confer，“授予”，用法是confer a title on sb.; honour,“給……榮譽”，搭配是honour sb.with a title。

(C) accelerate,“加速”；reinforce,“增援”、“加強”；strengthen,“加強”、“使更強大”；intensify,“加劇”、“加強”。

(A) submit,“提交”、“呈交”；suggest，“建議”，不說suggest a proposal而說advance a proposal,“提出建議”；release,“釋放”、“發(fā)行”。

(D) flash across one's mind,“在腦中一閃”；flush,“沖洗”、“臉紅”；flicker,“搖曳”；flare，“閃耀”、“閃爍”。

(D) symptom,“癥狀”；complaint，“抱怨”；report,“報告”；statement，“聲明”、“陳述”。

(A) convey,“運送”、“傳遞”；survey，“調(diào)查”、“勘察”；forward,“發(fā)送貨物”；deliver,“交貨”。

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

短文大意：每天都有成千上萬的社會科學(xué)工作者在從事研究工作。但與此同時，世界上大多數(shù)人卻認為社會科學(xué)無關(guān)緊要。社會科學(xué)的研究成果常常得不到應(yīng)用，社會科學(xué)家也享受不到與自然科學(xué)家同等的尊敬。這種局面有時會危及他們的科研基金。于是“過少應(yīng)用”科研成果的現(xiàn)象再次引起社會科學(xué)家的重視。
段首句譯文："每天都有成千上萬的社會科學(xué)工作者在從事研究工作，而與此同時，世界上大多數(shù)其他人卻認為社會科學(xué)既不重要又沒有用處�！�

(B) point
本題四個選項都可與to the … 組成詞組，但詞組的意義及用法各不相同。A.to the effect意為：“意思是”，后面通常跟that引導(dǎo)的從句；C.to the contrary意為：“正相反”。A、C均無比較級用法，故都應(yīng)排除。D.to the advantage(有利于)一般后面要接of sb.意思才完整，故排除D。B.to the point意為：“切題的”、“切中要點的”，在此符合文意與語法要求，是正確答案。
譯文：“更說明問題的是，就連那些有時希望能夠應(yīng)用社科研究成果的政府或企業(yè)工作人員都經(jīng)常抱怨說社會科學(xué)無關(guān)緊要、無法理解或是質(zhì)量很差�！�
選項用法舉例：I received a cable to the effect that….“我收到一封電報，大意是說……”He started early to the effect that he might get there by lunchtime.“他一早就動身了，以便在午飯前趕到那里。”I don't remember his precise words, but he did say something to that effect.“我不記得他的確切原話了，但他肯定表示過那樣的意思�！盬e tried again and again, but to no effect.“我們試了又試，但毫無效果。”to come to the point,“談到正題”、“講到關(guān)鍵問題”;Your advice was very much to the point.“你的勸告非常中肯�！盿n answer to the point,“中肯(切題)的回答”;He is modest to the point of ridicule.“他謙遜到可笑的地步�！� You will find it to your advantage to learn some Japanese before you go to Japan.“你會發(fā)現(xiàn)去日本前學(xué)點日語對你有好處�！盩he painting is seen to better advantage from a distance.“這幅畫從遠處看比較好�！盬e must turn our knowledge to advantage.“我們必須充分利用我們的知識。”

(D) complain
A.accuse(指控、指責)不能帶賓語從句，故排除A。B.object(反對)通常用作不及物動詞，后面帶that 從句時意為：“提出……作為反對某人的理由”，在此不符合文意，因此排除B。C.testify意為：“作證”、“提供證據(jù)”，本文中提到的政府工作人員等對社會科學(xué)的批評只是一種看法，并無證明之意，故排除C。D.complain意為：“抱怨”、“發(fā)牢騷”，為正確選擇。
選項用法舉例：He objected to our plan.“他反對我們的計劃�！盚e objected to being treated like a child.“他抗議被當作小孩看待�！盜 object against him that he is too young for the position.“我反對他的理由是他太年輕，不適合那個職位�！盩he witness testified that he had seen the accused run out of the bank. “證人作證說他看見被告從銀行里跑出來�！盚e refused to testify against a friend.“他拒絕提供不利于朋友的證詞。”

(B) of
B.of 可表示“具有某種性質(zhì)(狀況)”，而quality 等名詞作表語時前面需加of，故 A.is,C.at 和 D.very 都不正確，只能選B。
選項用法舉例：The goods are of poor quality.“這批貨質(zhì)量很差�！盩his matter is of great importance.“此事至關(guān)重大�！盩his water tasted of salt.“這水有咸味�！監(jiān)f what color is her new dress?“她的新裙子是什么顏色的?”

(A) cite
A.cite意為：“引述”、“引證”、“引用”，常與instance 搭配，在此符合文意。B.confirm (證實、確認)，C.contend(競爭、堅決主張)和 D.conceive(想出、構(gòu)思、想象)均不合文意。
譯文：“研究人員通常無法舉出他們的工作成果得到應(yīng)用的具體例子�！�
選項用法舉例：to cite an instance,“舉一個例子”;to cite the dictionary ,“引證詞典”;to cite Shakespeare,“引用莎士比亞的話”。

(A) being
介詞of 后面不能跟句子，故C.has been應(yīng)排除。不定式作定語一般表示事情尚未發(fā)生，“將被應(yīng)用的工作成果”在此不合文意，故排除B.to be。科學(xué)家要舉的是“工作成果得到應(yīng)用”的例子，而不是“得到應(yīng)用的工作成果”的例子，故應(yīng)選A.being,排除D.which is。

(D) frustrated
自己的工作沒有起到應(yīng)有的作用，科學(xué)家自然感到灰心、泄氣、惱怒而又不知所措，故選 D.frustrated 。 A.fascinated(被吸引的、迷住的)， B.overwhelmed(被壓倒的、受不了的)和C.terrified(極害怕的、嚇壞了的)都不合文意。
譯文：“社會科學(xué)家因他們的工作沒有像他們認為應(yīng)該的那樣得到應(yīng)用而感到灰心，為他們不能像自然科學(xué)家一樣受到社會的尊敬而感到沮喪。”

(C) that
本句連詞and提示，dismayed與上文frustrated 為并列成分，作表語的形容詞后面跟that 引導(dǎo)的從句在英語中很常見，有“因為……感到”的含義(如：I'm glad you came)。“如果”、“一旦”或“無論何時”都不合文意，故A.if,B.once和D.whenever被排除，只有D.that是正確答案。

(A) With
介詞with常帶賓語和補語，表示：“由于”、“在……的情況下”。在這里，A.With為正確選擇。B.Despite(盡管)和 D.Because of (由于)不僅意思上不妥，后面也只能接名詞，如：because of their troubled economies;C.Lest(以免、惟恐)是連詞，后面要接句子，并且一般不用于句首，故B、C、D都應(yīng)排除。
譯文：“在經(jīng)濟不景氣的情況下，美國、英國等一些國家便開始認定社會科學(xué)是可有可無的奢侈品�！�
選項用法舉例：With all the children in bed,she finally relaxed herself.“所有的孩子都睡了，她自己也終于放松下來。”With the window open, you would see the trees beyond the river.“開著窗子，你能看到河對岸的樹�！盬ith all the work finally finished, he sat down with a sigh.“所有的工作做完之后，他嘆了口氣坐了下來�！�

(C) without
C. do without 是習語，意思是：“沒有也行”、“不需要”，在此符合文意。A. do with (處置)和 D. do away with (取消、廢除)都是習語，但在此不合文意。B.within 不能以 a luxury 為賓語，也是錯的。

(C) preceding
本題四個選項都有“在……之前”、“先于……的”的意思，但用法不同。A.prior 要跟介詞to; B.previous 如不跟to 則表示“前面的”、“早先的”； D.precedent 作名詞意為：“先例”、“前例”，作形容詞意為：“在先的”、“前面的”。 A、B、D均不能放在兩個名詞之間，故在此都不適用。C.preceding 在這里是precede的現(xiàn)在分詞，作twenty years 的后置定語，相當于 which precede，是正確答案。
譯文：“結(jié)果，‘過少應(yīng)用’科研成果的問題再次引起社會科學(xué)工作者的密切關(guān)注，盡管在1976以前的20年中，這個領(lǐng)域論文被引用的次數(shù)已經(jīng)增加了50倍。”
選項用法舉例：Don't make public statements without their prior approval.“未經(jīng)他們事先同意不要發(fā)表公開聲明�！眛wo days prior to the summit,“比較高級會議前兩天”;The house was sold prior to auction.“這房子在拍賣日之前業(yè)已售出�！� on the previous night,“前一天晚上”;on a previous occasion,“在上一次”;in the previous chapter,“在上一章中”;The accident happened previous to my arrival here.“事故發(fā)生在我到達之前�！盇 precedes B in the alphabet.“字母表上A在B的前面�！眎n the preceding paragraph/the paragraph that precedes this one,“在上一段里”;We were preceded by our guide.“向?qū)ё咴谖覀兊那懊妗！盌o not take it as a precedent.“不要以此為先例。”a precedent cause ,“先前的原因”;a remark precedent to mine ,“在我發(fā)言之前的評論”。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

(C)意為：“它是達到目的的惟一手段”。第一段指出，對滿足需要(need)和需求(want)的產(chǎn)品的傳統(tǒng)區(qū)分已不足于涵蓋各種類別的產(chǎn)品。在今天這個繁榮的社會里，由于許多需求轉(zhuǎn)化為需要，二者失去了明顯的界線(blurred)。例如：作家用紙和筆寫作，紙和筆這時對他來說是合理的需要，但是，同樣的工作可以用計算機更快、更有效地完成，這樣，對這位作家來說，計算機已不再是一種需求，而成了一種需要。可見，這里所說的需要代表完成某一事情所必需的手段，而不是可有可無的手段。

(A)意為：“經(jīng)常需要的”。該詞意為“重要商品”、“常用品”，如：糖、鹽等。

(B)意為：“消費者不在乎到什么地方去買”。第五段指出，選購商品(shopping goods)分作兩類：可以看作基本相同的商品和視作不同的商品，前者如：家用器具(home appliances)，電視機、汽車；購買這類商品時，消費者一旦選定式樣，主要關(guān)心的是如何以比較便宜的價格買到手。

(C)意為：“必須進行促銷”。比較后一段指出，不需要的商品(unsought goods)是指消費者不一定需求或需要或根本不感興趣的物品，要讓消費者注意這些物品，必須進行推銷(promotion)或做廣告。

(D)D意為：“演說時音量的正確使用”。本文的主旨陳述在第一段第四句：“你會發(fā)現(xiàn)有必要調(diào)整自己的音量，以便適宜于(accommodate)會議室的大小、聽眾的數(shù)量、室內(nèi)裝飾以及周圍的噪音量(或：你會發(fā)現(xiàn)有必要根據(jù)會議室的大小、聽眾的數(shù)量、室內(nèi)裝飾以及周圍的噪音量適當調(diào)整音量)�！蔽恼碌诙�、三、四段分別從這幾方面更詳細地說明了根據(jù)演講時的情景調(diào)整音量的必要性。比較后一段還指出：應(yīng)該根據(jù)聽眾的反應(yīng)來及時調(diào)整音量。A太抽象、太寬泛，因此不對；B意為：“體勢語在演講時的使用”；C意為：“演講者在演講過程中所面臨的各種干擾”。本文說明的重點是演講者如何排除干擾、合理調(diào)整自己的音量，以便讓聽眾聽清自己的演講。

(A)提問部分意為：“第一段第二句旨在說明……”。選擇項A意為：“干擾會影響交流的進行(或：干擾會使交流難以進行)�！痹�文第��、二句指出：在完成交流的過程中，聽眾要消耗一定量的能量(指其注意力等)，如果有干擾因素占去這一能量的一部分(指使聽眾分心等)，達成交流的可能性就會降低。本文主要談的是從演講者的角度如何克服干擾、調(diào)整音量，以確保交流的順利進行。

(D)第二段說明了根據(jù)會議室的大小和聽眾的多少確定音量的使用的重要性。該段第三句同時指出，必要時可以使用擴音設(shè)備，這樣，演講者就可以使用日常的談話語調(diào)，不必過多地提高嗓門。

(B)文章比較后一段指出，演講者還應(yīng)注意聽眾中表現(xiàn)出的其他暗示：他們也許會通過體勢語表示自己聽不到或聽不清演講的內(nèi)容。A意為：“用幻燈機幫助自己”；C意為：“提高嗓門以獲得特殊效果”；D意為：“不理睬來自于環(huán)境的干擾”。

(C)意為：達到目標步驟和目標本身都是已知的。第一段指出，設(shè)計透鏡就像布棋局，下棋時，下棋者用一系列的步驟將死對手(trap his opponent's king)；設(shè)計透鏡時設(shè)計者通過使物體放射出的光線聚焦的方法“捕捉”光，這需要使光線通過一系列精密制作的透明的拋物面才能達到。因為在這兩種活動中比較終的目的和達到目的的方式已明確，所以人們很容易認為在達到目標的過程中，每一步都有一個比較佳選擇。

(A)意為：根本不可能在制作過程中預(yù)設(shè)出比較佳步驟。第一段比較后三句指出，然而，每走一步所可能產(chǎn)生的后果如果不能說是無窮無盡的(infinite)，至少也可以說是多不勝數(shù)。因此，正像下棋一樣，設(shè)計透鏡不可能有解決問題的完美方法，設(shè)計各類透鏡都是如此(The same principles apply to all lenses)。

(B)意為：在工作中可以利用各方面的幫助。第二段第一句指出，與下棋者相比，透鏡的設(shè)計者有一大優(yōu)勢：他可以自由地運用手頭上一切可利用的資源(call on any vailable source of help)，幫助他從無數(shù)可能性中做出選擇。

(D)意為：整個制作過程都是一個人干。比較后一句指出，透鏡設(shè)計者應(yīng)該感謝科技的進步，因為它使得設(shè)計工作更易操作，應(yīng)用更廣泛，但是，他也有其哀嘆的一面(he is also humbled)：完全由一個人設(shè)計出精良的透鏡的時代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。

(B)第一段指出，由于聯(lián)邦政府對什么是“綠色食品”(organically grown food)沒有統(tǒng)一標準，結(jié)果，消費者經(jīng)�？吹搅钊死Щ�(confusing)和名不副實的(unsubstantiated)食物標簽。在文章比較后，作者提了兩個建議：如果你真想買綠色食品，買熟人的或自己種的(后者帶有幽默色彩)。A不正確。綠色食品已上市，只不過有些是濫竽充數(shù)而已。C不正確。從第二、三段我們知道，一些州已對綠色食品的審批(certification)做出了規(guī)定，聯(lián)邦政府也在制定相應(yīng)的規(guī)定，但這并不意味著作者嫌其他州行動緩慢。

(D)被稱作“綠色食品”需要滿足以下條件：三年內(nèi)未使用合成農(nóng)藥，兩三年內(nèi)未使用合成肥料。參見第一段第二句和第三段第三句。A不對。因為它沒有提到時間上的規(guī)定。

(C)文章比較后一句是作者的兩個忠告。后一個忠告(自己種)用破折號與前一個隔開，說明作者在此想取得一種特殊效果。其實，讀者也不應(yīng)把這一條建議當真對待，因為，絕大多數(shù)人沒有時間、沒有地方也不知道怎樣種莊稼。相反，第一個建議(買熟人的)卻是很實際的。因此，B不正確而C對。A不正確，因為許多標簽名不副實。見第(63)題題解。D不正確。消費者根本無從驗證。

(A)第三段第一句指出，有關(guān)綠色食品的立法，國會正在討論。該句中make its way through 意為：“通過”、“獲得批準”。由于本句用了正在進行時態(tài)，所以指尚未通過或批準。B意為：“已生效”；C意為：“由美國農(nóng)業(yè)部負責”，注意第三段第二句用的是過去將來時態(tài)，表示推測；D意為：“由于國會有分歧而擱淺”。

(D)文章第一段第四句指出，那個孩子經(jīng)常有些稀奇古怪的幻想(fantasies)，第五句解釋說(put 在此意為：“解釋”)，這些幻想形象地表明(dramatize)了孩子的困惑：他究竟是生活在一個充滿愛的家里還是生活在一個殘忍、陌生(alien)而只是狀若(masquraded as)愉快的環(huán)境里呢?C意為：“由缺乏愛所致”。

(C)masqurade 意為：“偽裝”、“掩飾”。

(A)生活于困惑中是痛苦的，因此，孩子想通過幻想來擺脫(dispel)對父親的困惑(參考第一段比較后一句)。當他擺脫不了困惑時，他的生活中出現(xiàn)了一些情不自禁的行為(behave compulsively)。只在石面上走而不踏土面(這里“土面”與“石面”對孩子來說代表兩種道路選擇)就是孩子想解決他的問題--他的困惑--的心理嘗試。參考第三段前半段。D意為：“他遭受著情感上的折磨，已經(jīng)瘋了�！逼鋵崳�已��(jīng)瘋了就不會再有情感上的痛苦了。

(D)父親的辯解與祖父的指責使孩子更加困惑。父親的辯解與相反的指責實際上恰恰與孩子對父親的矛盾心理相合，是他心理上的對話，不同的是，對孩子和其文章來講，祖父是第三者。因此，比較后一句指出，所有這些看起來很矛盾的表現(xiàn)使這個孩子成長為一個性情游移不定(shifting back and forth)的人，除了一些生活瑣事外，他無力決斷(take a stand)。B意為：“證明他父親的性格是扭曲的�！彪m然這也許是事實，但是，這不是這一例子旨在說明的。

Part IV English�睠hinese Translation
短文大意：已有4600年之久的埃及金字塔的設(shè)計師伊姆霍特普已發(fā)現(xiàn)使建筑物永存的三因素：形狀、規(guī)模和土地。把建筑物的巨大重量分攤在廣闊地面上，重心遠離邊緣，金字塔就不會倒塌。圓屋頂能使建筑物具有強度和硬度，但強度和硬度在地震中由于缺乏“彈性”而成為破壞建筑物的重大因素。磚和鋼筋混凝土建筑物尤其危險，土地的來回移動能使建筑物倒塌。

這是一個簡單句。句架是a pyramid cannot topple over。句首spreading…以及with a centre…都是表示原因的狀語。句子中topple over作“倒塌”講。

這是一個并列復(fù)合句,由and連接，但后面的謂語動詞are省略了。句架是They are: six…,and all to…。前面句子中they指金字塔，冒號后的內(nèi)容說明over engineered。 and 后跟的句子中all指six million tonnes of…to house…作表語，謂語動詞are省略了。no bigger than可理解為省略了which are的定語從句，修飾a few burial chambers。句子中in the case of作“就……而言”講；the Great Pyramid of Gizeh指吉薩(地名)大金字塔。Semi-defached houses指半分離或半獨立式的房子。

這是一個并列復(fù)合句，前后兩句由and連接。句架是the sand foundation of…give way, and…tonne of…came…。句子中Meidum是地名；give way這里指倒塌。

這是一個簡單句。句架是foundation Could…destroy…,…。toppling…是分詞短語作狀語，despite having是介詞短語作狀語，修飾toppling.句子中Leaning Tower of Pisa是意大利的比薩斜塔。

這是一個簡單句，冒號后面的并列復(fù)合句是用來說明前面內(nèi)容的。句架是…skyscrapers fare pretty well: their…size makes…and the foundations and frames are…。句子中fare作“進展情況”講；all but作“幾乎”、“差不多”講。

Part V Writing (15 points)
參考范文
Many college students take advantage of the school holidays to travel, their destinations varying from natural scenic spots to towns or cities rich in historic legacy and cultural heritage.But quite a few of them know little about what they should do in preparation for a successful travel, which is far from merely buying tickets,taking enough money and coming back feeling exhausted. In fact, go travelling is a valuable form of extracurricular learning.
Then how shall we prepare for a travel?First,make a proper choice of your destination.This depends on your interests, or whether you like visiting natural scenic spots or historic spots, and the time,money,and energy you can afford. A comprehensive and appropriately scheduled travel of 3 days is much better than either a superficial and tightly scheduled travel of 2 days or a dilatory travel of 4 days. Secondly, once you make up your mind, find out about your destination. When you visit a place, you are not supposed to only look at the things and the people there without reflection. You are to acquaint yourself beforehand with the historical background,cultural traces, historic landmarks, folk legends, local customs, museums, art galleries, and even the most famous dishes and snacks around that region.Thus, when you get to your destination, you will be able to decide what you will spend more time on and what less.
The actual travel, apart from sight�瞫eeing,provides us with a rare occasion of experiencing a life style different from our own.This can be achieved most efficiently through our getting ourselves involved in life there. When we first get to a place, we can buy some local newspapers to find out what is going on there. If there happens to be a Beer Festival, Water Melon Festival, or whatever kinds of fairs, we might as well spare some time and go participating.It is great enjoyment,indeed,to find out the clothes on vogue among the local people,to listen to their bargaining in dialect,and all that.If you travel like this, you are sure not to miss the chance of widening your vision of knowledge.