Section I Structure and Vocabulary

Part A

Direct ions :

Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points)

1. _______ that many animals seem to be highly sensitive to various signals associated with earthquakes, the basic question remains of how this behavior can be put to use in earthquake prediction.

A. Granted B. provided C. Considering D. Assuming

2. Now there is in America a curious combination of pride _______ to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend upon manual labor for a living and delight in what one is able to accomplish with his hand.

A. in having risen B. to have risen

B. having risen D. in rising

3. It shows how economic and social and, above all, political changes have played their part, so that, correctly ______, the postage stamp in which millions of people, young and old, find pleasure, knowledge and even profit, has always been a faithful mirror of the times.

A. interpreting B. interpreted

C. to be interpreted D. being interpreted

4. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ______ on benches, chairs or boxes.

A. having seated B. seated

C. seating D. having been seated

5. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _______ in Cuba.

A. being cultivated B. having cultivated

C. has been cultivated D. cultivating

6. The researchers are working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations _______ the food’s structure.

A. for B. of C. to D. in

7. Joseph Heller is a great novelist who has thrilled thousands of readers, ______ many American accomplished novelists kneel at his feet and can’t help singing his praises.

A. in that B. so much so that

C. since D. while

8. All the public facilities require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than ________ through taxes alone.

A. raised B. is raised C. to raise D. raising

9. I would have come sooner but I ______ that you were waiting.

A. didn’t know B. haven’t known

C. hadn’t known D. hadn’t known

10. He went to work on foot yesterday, though he _______ by bus.

A. could have gone B. should have gone

C. would go D. must have gone

Part B

Directions :

Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one thai best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)

11. According to a major U.S. newspaper, president Clinton will _______ a mission to the country to investigate the cause of the sudden disappearance of the two diplomats.

A. assign B. dispatch C. undertake D. execute

12. During the interview, the mayor expressed his heart-felt gratitude through the reporters for the timely assistance and support that people from other cities have kindly _____ to his citizens after the city was struck by several earthquakes.

A. rendered B. secured C. sought D. furnished

13. The purpose of the survey was to _______ the inspectors with local conditions.

A. inform B. instruct C. acquaint D. notify

14. Before you can start a business, you will have to raise the necessary _______ .

A. investment B. savings C. income D. capital

15. If you suspect that the illness might be serious, you should not _______ going to the doctor.

A. pick out B. make out

C. give off D. put off

16. The students failed to meet the necessary _______ for admission to the course.

A. fulfillment B. requirements C. qualities D. competency

17. After the theft of his car he put in an insurance _______ for $3 000.

A. account B. receipt C. assessment D. claim

18. ________ a fire, hotel guests are asked to remain calm.

A. As a result of B. In the event of

C. By reason of D. In the time of

19. When ________, the duck keeps its eyes and ears closed, using its bill to locate food.

A. submitted B. sunk C. soaked D. submerged

20. As we all know, houses are _______ to be at rest with respect to the earth but the earth itself is not motionless.

A. resumed B. assumed C. speculated D. consumed

21. The motion picture is only a series of still photographs which are split and viewed in rapid ______ to create the illusion of movement and continuity.

A. sequence B. succession C. transmission D. conveyance

22. The whole area of national and local governments was subjected to a thorough financial ______, and inefficiency and waste were attacked.

A. search B. survey C. stability D. strain

23. David was _________ by his family because he worked hand in glove with a gang of qcriminals to rob the commercial bank of jewelry.

A. deserted B. abandoned C. refuted D. repelled

24. His visit to the theater was ________ because a lady sitting right in front of him was wearing a huge hat which blocked his view of the stage.

A. impaired B. spoiled C. distracted D. offended

25. The employer must ________ that the applicants for the post have the proper qualifications.

A. verify B. justify C. warrant D. perceive

26. Betty broke the school rules and regulations repeatedly so the principal finally had no alternative but to ________ her.

A. exile B. detain C. expel D. eject

27. Professor Johnson planned to go over my paper sentence by sentence with me in his office this morning, but he hasn’t ______ yet.

A. turned round B. turned up

C. turned on D. turned in

28. We hear that miniskirts are coming back into fashion, but I wonder if they’ll really _____ again.

A. rule out B. come up

C. catch on D. wear out

29. The town maintains very many Chinese traditions which are among the highest achievements

of those who created the _______ we now enjoy.

A. heritage B. genetics C. inheritance D. estate

30. Our firm regrets to inform you that the word processors you ordered last month are _______ .

A. out of practice B. out of reach

C. out of stock D. out of work

　

Section II Cloze

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A],[B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully ___31___ only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited(抑制), ___32___ embarrassed. You have only to ___33___ a commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. ___34___, there is here an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, ___35___ broken, makes the person immediately the object of ___36___.

It is a well-known fact that the English have a ___37___ for the discussion of their weather and that, given half a chance, they will talk about it ___38___. Some people argue that it is because English weather ___39___ forecast and hence is a source of interest and ___40___ to everyone. This may be so. ___41___ Englishmen cannot have much ___42___ in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong ___43___ a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate---or as inaccurate---as the weathermen in his ___44___.

The overseas visitors may be excused for showing surprise at the number of references ___45___ weather that the English make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are ___46___ by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isn’t it?” “Beautiful!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?” ___47___ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. ___48___ he wants to start a conversation with an Englishman but is ___49___ to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will ___50___ an answer from even the most reserved of Englishmen.

31. A. entertained B. relaxed C. amused D. enlightened

32. A. yet B. otherwise C. even D. though

33. A. experience B. undergo C. travel D. witness

34. A. Obviously B. Contrarily C. Frequently D. Practically

35. A. unless B. if C. while D. as if

36. A. suspicion B. opposition C. attack D. study

37. A. passion B. fancy C. necessity D. judgement

38. A. at length B. to a great extent C. from their heart D. by all means

39. A. follows B. predicts C. defies D. violates

40. A. contribution B. deduction C. contemplation D. speculation

41. A. Still B. Also C. Certainly D. Fundamentally

42. A. faith B. reliance C. honor D. credit

43. A. if B. once C. when D. whereas

44. A. propositions B. predictions C. approval D. defiance

45. A. about B. on C. as to D. to

46. A. replaced B. conducted C. executed D. proposed

47. A. Since B. Although C. however D. Before

48. A. Even if B. Because C. If D. For

49. A. at a loss B. at last C. in fact D. on the occasion

50. A. stimulate B. constitute C. furnish D. provoke

Section III Reading Comprehension

Directions:

Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.

Passage 1

Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations lead to family instability. They believe that those regulations, which exclude most poor husband-and-wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of families that can eligibly get such grants would result in a marked strengthening of the low-income family structure.

If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly? The answer to this question depends on the relative importance of three types of potential welfare recipients. The first is the “cheater” — the husband who is reported to have abandoned his family, but in fact disappears only when the social worker is in the neighborhood. The second consists of a loving husband and devoted father who, sensing his own inadequacy as a family supporter, leaves so that his wife and children may enjoy the relative benefit provided by public assistance. There is very little evidence that these two types are significant.

The third type is the unhappily married couple, who remain together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage. This group is large. The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family is in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage. Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal process has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, such as division of property, and child support.

Marital stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners’ social-economic group. Expected income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form of government-subsidized AFDC payments, it reduces the costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its breach by providing a system of government-subsidized payments.

51. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

[A] Welfare restrictions do not contribute to low-income family instability.

[B] The most significant kind of welfare recipients is not the “cheating” father.

[C] The divorce rate is bound to fall when welfare benefits are cut.

[D] Government welfare payments lead directly to growing divorce rate.

52. The tone of the passage can best be described as ________.

[A] confident and optimistic

[B] scientific and detached

[C] discouraged and alarmed

[D] polite and sensitive

53. With which of the following statements about marriage would the author most likely agree?

[A] Marriage is largely shaped by powerful but impersonal economic and social forces.

[B] Marriage has a greater value to higher income groups.

[C] Society has no interest in encouraging people to remain married to one another.

[D] Marriage will gradually give way to other forms of social organization.

54. The passage would most likely be found in a ________.

[A] basic economics text

[B] book on the history of welfare

[C] religious literature on the importance of marriage

[D] scholarly journal devoted to public policy questions

Passage 2

The most noticeable trend among today’s media companies is vertical integration – an attempt to control several related aspects of the media business at once, each part helping the other. Besides publishing magazines and books, Time Warner, for example, owns Home Box Office (HBO), Warner movie studios, various cable TV systems throughout the United States and CNN as well. The Japanese company Matsushita owns MCA Records and Universal Studios and manufactures broadcast production equipment.

To describe the financial status of today’s media is also to talk about acquisitions. The media are buying and selling each other in unprecedented numbers and forming media groups to position themselves in the marketplace to maintain and increase their profits. In 1986, the first time a broadcast network had been sold, two networks were sold that year – ABC and NBC.

Media acquisitions have skyrocketed since 1980 for two reasons. The first is that most big corporations today are publicly traded companies, which means that their stock is traded on one of the nation’s stock exchanges. This makes acquisitions relatively easy.

A media company that wants to buy a publicly owned company can buy that company’s stock when the stock becomes available. The open availability of stock in these companies means that anybody with enough money can invest in the American media industries, which is exactly how Rupert Murdoch joined the media business.

The second reason for the increase in media alliances is that beginning in 1980, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) gradually deregulated the broadcast media. Before 1980, for example, the FCC allowed one company to own only five TV stations, five AM radio stations, and five FM radio stations; companies also were required to hold onto a station for three years before the station could be sold. The post-1980 FCC eliminated the three-year rule and raised the number of broadcast holdings allowed for one owner. This trend of media acquisitions is continuing throughout the 1990s, as changing technology expands the market for media products.

The issue of media ownership is important. If only a few corporations direct the media industries in this country, the outlets for differing political viewpoints and innovative ideas could be limited.

55. Which of the following is true of the media?

[A] They used to sell and buy each other in great numbers.

[B] They are trading each other in greater numbers today.

[C] They used to be controlled by two networks – ABC and NBC.

[D] They have stopped the trend of acquisitions in the 1990s.

56. According to the passage, what makes acquisitions easier?

[A] The changing technology employed by the media.

[B] The media’s increasing profits in the marketplace.

[C] The ever tougher regulations of the FCC on the media since 1980.

[D] The availability of the media’s stocks on stock exchanges.

57. What is the FCC’s new policy regarding media alliances?

[A] It allows companies to sell their stocks publicly.

[B] It doesn’t allow companies to sell their stocks publicly.

[C] It permits one company to own more media businesses at the same time.

[D] It has eliminated all post-1980 companies.

58. The issue of media ownership is important because _______.

[A] it affects the amount of money the stockholders will make

[B] it decides whether we can have different aspects of the media

[C] it concerns the channels through which to express opinions

[D] it means that more and more people will hold onto only a few stations

Passage 3

The need for solar electricity is clear. It is safe, ecologically sound, efficient, continuously available, and it has no moving parts. The basic problem with the use of solar photovoltaic devices is economics, but until recently very little progress had been made toward the development of low-cost photovoltaic devices. The larger part of research funds has been devoted to the study of single-crystal silicon solar cells, despite the evidence that this technique holds little promise. The reason for this pattern is understandable and historical. Crystalline silicon, however, is particularly unsuitable to terrestrial solar cells.

Crystalline silicon solar cells work well and are successfully used in the space program, where cost is not an issue. While single crystal silicon has been proven in extraterrestrial use with efficiencies as high as 18 percent, and other more expensive and scarce materials can have ever higher efficiencies, costs must be reduced by a factor of more that 100 to make them practical for commercial uses. Beside the fact that the starting crystalline silicon is expensive, 95 percent of it is wasted and does not appear in the final device. Recently, there have been some imaginative attempts to make polycrystalline and ribbon silicon which are lower in cost than high-quality single crystals; but to date the efficiencies of these apparently lower-cost materials have been unacceptably small. Moreover, these materials are cheaper only because of the introduction of disordering in crystalline semiconductors, and disorder degrades the efficiency of crystalline solar cells.

This difficulty can be avoided by preparing completely disordered or amorphous materials. Amorphous materials have disordered atomic structure as compared to crystalline materials: that is, they have only short-range order rather that the long-range periodicity of crystals. The advantages of amorphous solar cells are impressive. Whereas crystalline silicon must be made 200 microns thick to absorb a sufficient amount of sunlight for efficient energy conversion, only 1 micron of the proper amorphous materials is necessary. Crystalline silicon solar cells cost in excess of 100 per square foot, but amorphous films can be created at a cost of about 50 cents per square foot.

Although many scientists were aware of the very low cost of amorphous solar cells, they felt that they could never be manufactured with the efficiencies necessary to contribute significantly to the demand for electric power. This was based on a misconception about the feature which determines efficiency. For example, it is not the conductivity of the material in the dark which is relevant, but only the photoconductivity, that is, the conductivity in the presence of sunlight. Already, solar cells with efficiencies well above 6 percent have been developed using amorphous materials, and further research will doubtless find even less costly amorphous materials with higher efficiencies.

59. The author is primarily concerned with _______.

[A] discussing the importance of solar energy

[B] explaining the functioning of solar cells

[C] presenting a history of research on energy sources

[D] describing a possible solution to the problem of the cost of photovoltaic cells

60.The author mentions recent attempts to make polycrystalline and ribbon silicon primarily in order to ______.

[A] minimize the importance of recent improvements in silicon solar cells

[B] demonstrate the superiority of amorphous materials over crystalline silicon

[C] explain why silicon solar cells have been the center of research

[D] contrast crystalline silicon with polycrystalline and ribbon silicon

61. The material in the passage could best be used in an argument for _______.

[A] discontinuing the space program

[B] increased funding for research on amorphous materials

[C] further study of the history of silicon crystals

[D] increased reliance on solar energy

62.The tone of the passage can best be described as _______.

[A] analytical and optimistic

[B] biased and unprofessional

[C] critical and discouraged

[D] hesitating and inconclusive

Passage 4

Although bacteria are unicellular and among the simplest autonomous forms of life, they show a remarkable ability to sense their environment. They are attracted to materials they need and are repelled by harmful substances. Most types of bacteria swim very irregularly; short, smooth runs in relatively straight lines are followed by brief turns, after which the bacteria shoot off in random directions. This leaves researchers with the question of how such bacteria find their way to an attractant such as food or, in the case of photosynthetic bacteria, light, if their swimming pattern consists only of smooth runs and turns, the latter resulting in random changes in direction.

One clue comes from the observation that when a chemical attractant is added to a suspension of such bacteria, the bacteria swim along a gradient of the attractant, from an area where the concentration of the attractant is weaker to an area where it is stronger. As they do so, their swimming is characterized by a decrease in turning and an increase in straight runs over relatively longer distances. As the bacteria encounter increasing concentrations of the attractant, their tendency to turn is suppressed, whereas turning increases whenever they move away from the attractant. The net effect is that runs in the direction of higher concentrations of the attractant become longer and straighter as a result of the suppression of turning, whereas runs away form it are shortened by an increased tendency of the bacteria to change direction.

Biologists have proposed two mechanisms that bacteria might use in detecting changes in the concentration of a chemical attractant. First, a bacterium might compare the concentration of a chemical at the front and back of its cell body simultaneously. If the concentration is higher at the front of the cell, then it knows it is moving up the concentration gradient, from an area where the concentration is lower to an area where it is higher. Alternatively, it might measure the concentration at one instant and again after a brief interval, in which case the bacterium must retain a memory of the initial concentration. Researchers reasoned that if bacteria do compare concentrations at different times, then when suddenly exposed to a uniformly high concentration of an attractant, the cells would behave as if they were swimming up a concentration gradient, with long, smooth runs and relatively few turns. If, on the other hand, bacteria detect a chemical gradient by measuring it simultaneously at two distinct points, front and back, on the cell body, they would not respond to the jump in concentration because the concentration of the attractant in front and back of the cells, though high, would be uniform. Experimental evidence suggests that bacteria compare concentrations at different times.

63. Bacteria detect changes in the concentration of an attractant by _______.

[A] measuring its concentration in front and back of the cell body simultaneously

[B] increasing their motion away from an attractant

[C] moving and tumbling randomly in straight lines

[D] making the concentration of an attractant uniform

64. It can be inferred from the passage that when describing bacteria as "swimming up a concentration gradient" (Para. 3), the author means that they were behaving as if they were swimming _______.

[A] against a resistant medium that makes their swimming less efficient

[B] away from a substance to which they are normally attracted

[C] away from a substance that is normally harmful to them

[D] away from an area where the concentration of a substance is weaker

65. The passage indicates that the pattern that characterizes a bacterium's motion changes in response to _______.

[A] the kinds of chemical attractants present in different concentration gradients

[B] the mechanism that the bacterium adopts in determining the presence of an attractant

[C] the bacterium's detection of changes in the concentration of an attractant

[D] the extent to which neighboring bacteria are engaged in random turning

66. Which of the following statements does the passage support?

[A] The motion of a microorganism can reflect a mechanism by which it is able to control its movement.

[B] Biologists often overstate the complexity of simple organisms such as bacteria.

[C] A bacterium cannot normally retain a memory of a measurement of the concentration of an attractant.

[D] Bacteria appear to have less control over their movement than biologists had previously assumed

Passage 5

The extent of a nation’s power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited sovereign rights over coastal waters. A nation had the right to include within its territorial dominion only a very narrow band of coastal waters (generally extending three miles from the shoreline), within which it had the authority, but not the responsibility, to regulate all activities. But, because this area of territorial dominion was so limited, most nations did not establish rules for management or protection of their territorial waters.

Regardless of whether or not nations enforced regulations in their territorial waters, large ocean areas remained free of controls or restrictions. The citizens of all nations had the right to use these unrestricted ocean areas for any innocent purpose, including navigation and fishing. Except for controls over its own citizens, no nation had the responsibility, let alone the unilateral authority, to control such activities in international waters. And, since there were few standards of conduct that applied on the “open seas,” there were few jurisdictional conflicts between nations.

The lack of standards is traceable to popular perceptions held before the middle of this century. By and large, marine pollution was not perceived as a significant problem, in part because the adverse effect of coastal activities on ocean ecosystems was not widely recognized, and pollution caused by human activities was generally believed to be limited to that caused by navigation. Moreover, the freedom to fish, or overfish, was an essential element of the traditional legal doctrine of freedom of the seas that no maritime country wished to see limited. And finally, the technology that later allowed exploitation of other ocean resources, such as oil, did not yet exist.

To date, controlling pollution and regulating ocean resources have still not been comprehensively addressed by law, but two recent developments may actually lead to future international rules providing for ecosystem management. First, the establishment of extensive fishery zones, extending territorial authority as far as 200 miles out from a country’s coast, has provided the opportunity for nations individually to manage larger ecosystems. This opportunity, combined with national self-interest in maintaining fish populations, could lead nations to reevaluate policies for management of their fisheries and to address the problem of pollution in territorial waters. Second, the international community is beginning to understand the importance of preserving the resources and ecology of international waters and to show signs of accepting responsibility for doing so. As an international consensus regarding the need for comprehensive management of ocean resources develops, it will become more likely that international standards and policies for broader regulation of human activities that affect ocean ecosystems will be adopted and implemented.

67. According to the passage, until the mid-twentieth century there were few jurisdictional disputes over international waters because _______.

[A] the nearest coastal nation regulated activities

[B] few controls or restrictions applied to ocean areas

[C] the ocean areas were used for only innocent purposes

[D] broad authority over international waters was shared equally among all nations

68.The author suggests that, before the mid-twentieth century, most nations’ actions with respect

to territorial and international waters indicated that ______.

[A] managing ecosystems in either territorial or international waters was given low priority

[B] unlimited resources in international waters resulted in little interest in territorial waters

[C] nations considered it their responsibility to protect territorial but not international waters

[D] a nation’s authority over its citizenry ended at territorial lines

69.Which one of the following does the author cite as an effect of the extension of territorial

waters beyond the three-mile limit?

[A] increased political pressure on individual nations to establish comprehensive laws regulation ocean resources

[B] a greater number of jurisdictional disputes among nations over the regulation of fishing on the open seas

[C] the opportunity for some nations to manage large ocean ecosystems

[D] a new awareness of the need to minimize pollution caused by navigation

70. The passage as a whole can best be described as _______.

[A] a legal inquiry into the abuse of existing laws and the likelihood of reform

[B] a political analysis of the problems inherent in directing national attention to an international issue

[C] a historical analysis of a problem that requires international attention

[D] a proposal for adopting and implementing international standards to solve an ecological problem

　

Section IV English-Chinese Translation

Directions:

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

71) Economic growth involves increases over time in the volume of a country's per capita gross national product (GNP) of goods and services. Such continuing increases can raise average living standards substantially and provide a stronger base for other policy objectives. 72) It is only in the last two centuries that continued growth in living standards has been realized for a number of now-developed countries, and this process has broadened in the 20th century to include a number of developing countries. 73) However, the fairly steady expansion in the third quarter of the 20th century gave way to a period of slower and more erratic growth for both high- and low-income countries, while some of the economically poorest countries were thus far unable to establish a self-sustaining pattern of development. It also became increasingly evident that there were serious environmental problems associated with some types of growth in production.

In examining the record of economic growth and development, economists offer some explanations for the changes involved, and the attempts by governments to plan these changes. Five major issues are involved. The first is why economic growth occurs more quickly in some countries and periods than in others. It is the increase in the size and quality of the factors of production that underlies growth, but certain forces deserve special attention. A variety of models of economic growth give expression to the understanding of these forces. Increasing attention has been paid in these models and in policy to the international aspects of growth. This trend is partly a reflection of the growing internationalization of economic activity. It also reflects a number of potentially destabilizing changes in the international economy that became evident during the 1970s.

74) A second issue is the challenges facing the low-income countries, namely, to move from subsistence levels of per capita income to a level that would generate self-sustaining growth and also to reduce the gap between themselves and the higher-income countries. A third issue, productivity, is central to changes in living standards and to the analysis of international competitiveness.

A fourth major issue is the attempt to maintain growth and increase development through economic planning. 75) Planning became a widespread phenomenon during and just after World War II and was given further emphasis in many newly independent countries that were industrializing. Beginning in the 1970s the emphasis shifted to more decentralized planning, with deregulation and privatization of industry as two aspects of this process.

Underlying economic growth and planning is a fifth issue, the attempt to predict economic activity. Modern forecasting involves a variety of computer-based techniques at the level of the firm, the country, and the international economy. The accuracy of forecasting has been reduced by increased uncertainty in the global and national economies since the early 1970s.

Section V Writing

Directions:

E. Title: The Significance of Population Census to Our Country

F. Write an essay of at least 200 words

G. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below

H. Your composition should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Outline:

a. The importance of population census to our country

b. The difficulties in counting the population

c. Suggested ways of overcoming the difficulties

模擬試題二答案
Section I Structure and vocabulary
1. A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5. A 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.A
11. B 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.B
21.B 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.C

Section II Cloze
31. B 32.C 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.A 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.D
41. C 42.A 43.C 44.B 45.D 46.A 47.B 48.C 49.A 50.D

Section III Reading Comprehension
51. A 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. D 57. C 58. C 59. D 60. A
61. B 62. A 63. B 64. D 65. C 66. A 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. C

Section IV English-Chinese Translation
71. 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)指在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)一個(gè)國(guó)家的包括產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)在內(nèi)的人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值在量上 的增加。
72．只是在過(guò)去的200年里，現(xiàn)在成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的幾個(gè)國(guó)家才實(shí)現(xiàn)了生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的持續(xù)提高，在二十世紀(jì)，這一（提高）過(guò)程擴(kuò)大到幾個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。
73．然而，二十世紀(jì)六、七十年代相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的提高過(guò)程，無(wú)論是在高收入國(guó)家還是在低收入國(guó)家都被一個(gè)緩慢而不穩(wěn)定的提高階段所取代，而某些經(jīng)濟(jì)比較落后的國(guó)家根本無(wú)法建立起一種持續(xù)發(fā)展的模式。
74．第二個(gè)問(wèn)題涉及到低收入國(guó)家所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，即：從人均收入只足以維持生計(jì)水平提高到一個(gè)能產(chǎn)生持續(xù)發(fā)展的水平，并同時(shí)縮小自己與高收入國(guó)家的差距。
75．第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間和剛剛結(jié)束以后，計(jì)劃成為一種普遍現(xiàn)象，許多剛?cè)〉锚?dú)立并正在實(shí)行工業(yè)化的國(guó)家更是強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃的重要性。

Section V Writing （略）