今天我們要開始講解圖畫式作文,近兩年考研英語寫作試題均為圖畫題型,所以我們應該認真對待。
考研英語圖畫作文講究畫面簡單,主題深刻,從1998年到現(xiàn)在的6次圖畫作文均具備這個特征,考生在歷年真題中見過:母雞下蛋、船和魚、油燈、微笑的美國女孩、溫室里的花朵以及2004年到達終點的跑道上的人。我們進入了一個典型的圖文世界,也是一個充滿寓言象征的世界。若缺乏豐富的想象力便只能就圖說圖,寫出只有小學水平的作文來。
「構(gòu)思要訣」
圖畫作文的基本審題過程一定包含以小見大,把握象征寓意的過程。圖畫式寫作是較難的題型之一,面對此類題型,考生應首先確定主題,然后再動筆。
第一步,看仔細�?忌鷳獙D畫進行全面而細致的研究,尤其注意圖畫中人或物(人與物)的體貌表情特征和背景,確定人物之間,人物與背景之間的主要關系,以便正確掌握圖畫所傳達的信息。如果圖畫以系列形式(即兩幅以上)出現(xiàn),還應該對圖畫之間的相應聯(lián)系有所理解,從而在整體上把握圖畫所傳達的信息。
第二步,擬提綱。根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容的不同,采用不同的段落發(fā)展方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以描述為主,即按空間方位或時間先后順序排列,可采用開頭——擴展——結(jié)尾的寫作方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以解釋說明為主,寫作時則先給出主題句,再圍繞主題句完成各段落的寫作,這是采用主題句——擴展句——總結(jié)句的寫作方式。
第三步,突出主題。展開段落要根據(jù)畫面內(nèi)容進行,同時也要圍繞每一段的主題句進行。
第四步,小修改�?忌鷳攸c檢查圖畫內(nèi)容是否準確地被表達出來,題目所給提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在與畫面不相符的內(nèi)容,或未能完全涵蓋題目所給提示,應做出相應修訂。
接下來,我們分析一下2003年的漫畫考題,并抽調(diào)當年的高分實考樣卷,加以點評。
寫作題目
Directions: Study the pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following:
1. describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning
2. point out its implications in our life
2003年的考試題為溫室中的花朵經(jīng)不起風雨,題目本身就顯得話里有話,意猶未盡。我們提到,圖畫作文的基本審題過程一定包含以小見大,把握象征寓意的過程,畫面雖然簡單,但要把一個簡單的事物和一個大的群體進行結(jié)合聯(lián)想,還要聯(lián)系實際,否則很難切入宏大的論述主題。
There is no garden without its weeds.
沒有不長雜草的花園。觀察兩幅圖畫不能只看到溫室和花朵,還要以小見大,與主題和現(xiàn)實意義掛鉤聯(lián)想�;▋嚎梢源愍毶优砷L中的青少年;溫室代表父母的溺愛和優(yōu)越的物質(zhì)生活條件等;風雨呢,可以理解為逆境的考驗,特別是現(xiàn)實社會中的殘酷競爭。
中國古訓中有寶劍鋒從磨礪出,梅花香自苦寒來的名句,結(jié)合現(xiàn)實中獨生子女由于嬌生慣養(yǎng)而不能獨立面對困難的問題,通過兩圖對比得出現(xiàn)實意義,即父母要多給子女獨立面對困難的機會,年輕人要多經(jīng)歷風雨、挑戰(zhàn)和逆境考驗才能走向成功。
參考范文:
The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in two different living circumstances. As is shown in the first drawing, the flower is placed in a cozy greenhouse which shelters it from the severe wind and storm. With proper temperature and other good conditions, the flower is growing in full bloom. In contrast, when removed from the green house and exposed to the wind and storm, the flower immediately fades and withers, with most of its petals cast about on the ground.
The implied meaning conveyed by the drawings should be taken into account seriously. The weak flower is naturally associated with our young people, to be exact, the only children in our current society; the green house epitomizes our parentsexcessive doting care and material supplies that can protect the children from the wind and storm, to be specific, the harsh reality. Once our young people begin to seek independence and face challenges from the real competitive world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough to endure the hardships and difficulties of various sorts.
In sum it is essential for our young people to derive positive implications from the above thoughtprovoking drawings. Only by undergoing more predicaments can young people develop strong personality and ability needed in the future, and only in this way can they eventually become winners in our competitive changing world.
這篇作文在當年獲18分的高分,文章結(jié)構(gòu)銜接緊湊,緊扣題目要求,層次分明。大家如果能夠達到這個要求,往往就不難拿到高分;另外,每一段的段首句是寫作中的重中之重,老師閱卷時往往沒有時間細看每一句,幾秒鐘就掃視完全篇,本文的段首句都是主題句,然后用一兩句話分層次展開,簡單分析,比較后一段歸納升華,或者總結(jié)概況。
「友情提示」
揭示寓意,切忌盲目求新。譬如,2003年的作文題目是一組漫畫,漢語標題為溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風雨。按出題者的本意,其中心思想應當是根據(jù)卷面所提供的兩幅漫畫和漢語標題注解,論述當今部分青少年猶如溫室的花朵經(jīng)不起風雨,其重點應當圍繞青少年的挫折,發(fā)表自己的見解。而有人卻反其道而行之,誤解為我們應當保護青少年不受風雨侵襲。像這樣的作文,不管描述多清楚,文字多優(yōu)美,也別指望獲取寫作高分。
一定不要放過圖中的文字提示。文字提示非常重要,文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些寫作要點。另外,面對漫畫題型,考生應該展開合理而豐富的聯(lián)想,用生動而恰當?shù)难赞o抒發(fā)自己對圖畫的所思、所想、所感。
經(jīng)典句式及慣用表達
我們在下面歸納總結(jié)出秘密武器式的經(jīng)典句式、慣用表達等,供同學們借鑒使用。
1) As is known ……
2) It is a common saying that ……
3) It is clear that ……
4) It is hard to imagine ……
5) Its hard to say whether ……
6) It must be pointed out that ……
7) It is (has been) estimated that……
8) It must be kept in mind that……
9) It can be seen from this that ……
10) It seems certain that ……
11) The set of drawings above vividly depicts……
A man is only as good as what he loves.
一個人要用他所愛的東西有多好來衡量。12) Simple as it is, the symbolic meaning the picture conveys is deep and profound.
14) As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved.
15) It is certain that we have a long way to go.
美文賞析
Wealth is the test of a mans character.
財富是對一個人品格的試金石。
Modesty
Modesty is one of the many qualities that young people should possess. It makes us foresee our imperfections. It gives us the impetus to go forward. Most important of all, it makes us accessible and creates favorable conditions for us in interpersonal contacts.
However, many young people do not seem to realize the importance of modesty. Some of them just feel satisfied with a little success, without the slightest desire to make further progress. Others have too high an opinion of themselves, totally ignoring other peoples suggestions and advice. Consequently, their immodesty often drives them up against the wall. Worst of all, immodesty takes many young people away from their colleagues and friends. Therefore, they find fewer people with whom they can confide.
To be modest, the first thing to do is to have a full understanding of your deficiencies. No matter who you are and no matter how talented you are, you are unlikely to be allpowerful. In fact, you will always, in spite of your talents, find things about which you feel helpless. Besides, you should also admit other peoples strong points and try your best to learn from them. If you keep these two points in mind, you are on the right path to developing modesty.
謙虛是一種美德,這是任何時候都不過時的話題。文章行文流暢,句式變換多樣。
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