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考研英語聽力數(shù)字表達(dá)類基本要求

來源:中國考研網(wǎng) 時(shí)間:2006-07-03 22:18:47
語言是什么?

  語言首先是一種交流的工具。人們在日常生活中,主要通過四種方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)這種交流功能,即:聽,說,讀,寫。據(jù)專家統(tǒng)計(jì),聽和說在人們的交際中所占的比率比較大,分別為45%和38%.聽和說是語言活動(dòng)中比較重要的功能,然而它們也恰恰是我國英語教學(xué)中比較難解決的方面。聽是吸收,是輸入;說是釋放,是輸出。只有聽的清楚,聽的明白,才能說的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),說的流暢;而也只有說的流暢,說的自然,才能聽的明白,聽的自如。聽和說是相互聯(lián)系,相輔相成的。為了很好的體現(xiàn)英語聽說技能不分家的特點(diǎn),更是為了達(dá)到考研大綱對考生的這種互動(dòng)能力的考查要求,我們結(jié)合考研大綱聽力部分的考查特點(diǎn)及重點(diǎn),并通過典型試題分析,以及多年的實(shí)際聽力教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),特提供以下幾種日常交際中的重要語言功能交流例句,希望能給廣大考生帶來幫助。

  一、數(shù)字表達(dá)類(Numbers)

  研究生入學(xué)考試聽力試題中第一部分為填充表格,其中很大一部分是根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容填寫諸如數(shù)字、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)等具體信息。而數(shù)字、時(shí)間等信息正是中國考生比較不容易聽清楚的。下面我們將數(shù)字、時(shí)間等英語語言信息的日常表達(dá)方法介紹給大家:

  1.英語中純數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法

  小數(shù)和分?jǐn)?shù):

  0.17zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen

  1/2one half

  1/3one /a third

  3/4three fourths

  7'2/5seven and two fifths

  大于100的數(shù)字:

  101one hundred (and ) one

  200two hundred

  998nine hundred ( and ) ninety'eight

  在英語中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略;而在美國英語中卻往往省去。請分析下面的對話:

  A:How many people are presnt in the party last night?

  B: That‘s nine hundred and ninety-eight, exactly.

  A: Woo, you must be joking. How can you get such an accurate number?

  B: Ha, ha…… surely I am joking. You silly goose.

  大于1000的數(shù)字:

  1001a/one thousand (and) one

  2232two thousand two hundred (and) thirty'two

  900,732,266,043

  nine hundred billion seven hundred thirty'two million two hundred sixty'six thousand and forty three

  英語中一千以上數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法是以三位數(shù)為單元,從高到低billion,million,thousand而依次讀出的。因此我們在聽時(shí),可以三位數(shù)三位數(shù)地記錄。試比較下面的對話:

  A:Can you tell me exactly the numbers of the whole people in our country?

  B:One billion four hundred thirty'two million two hundred sixty'six thousand and forty three.

  A:Thank you very much.

  2.英語中時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法

  英語中時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法主要有直接法和借用介詞法等。

  (1)直接法。

  上午八點(diǎn)eight AM (a.m.)[ei em]

  下午九點(diǎn)nine PM (p.m.)[pi:em]

  六點(diǎn)六分six six

  六點(diǎn)三十二six thirty two

  八點(diǎn)正eight o'clock

 �。�2)借用介詞法。

  八點(diǎn)四十五a quarter to nine

  七點(diǎn)零五分five past seven

  七點(diǎn)五十四six to eight

  六點(diǎn)半half past six

 �。�3)表示正點(diǎn)的用法。

  十一點(diǎn)正at 11 o'clock sharp

  at 11 o'clock on the hour

  at 11 o'clock on the strike

  正午12點(diǎn)at noon

  午夜12點(diǎn)at midnight

 �。ㄗⅲ�12點(diǎn)22分可讀作:twelve twenty-two: twenty-two past twelve(英式說法);twenty-two after twelve(美式說法)

  1點(diǎn)15可讀作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式說法):a quarter after one(美英說法)

  8點(diǎn)50分可讀作:eight fifty; ten to nine(英式說法);ten before nine(美式說法)

  1點(diǎn)40分可讀作:one forty; twenty to two(英式說法);twenty before two(美式說法)

  “提前半小時(shí)”可用:half an hour early; thirty minutes early; early by half an hour; half an hour ahead of time; half an hour ahead of schedule等來表示。)

  時(shí)間表示法和時(shí)段的簡單運(yùn)算是聽力考試的熱點(diǎn),請看下面的對話:

  W: How long does the class usually last?

  M: Umm, let me think. It starts from a quarter to nine, and ends at nine thirty. So……

  W: That is forty'five minutes. Thank you very much!

  Q: When does the class usually start?

  3.英語中貨幣的表達(dá)方法

  英國貨幣:penny(便士)/pence (penny的復(fù)數(shù)),pound (£)

  £20.50:twenty pounds fifty pence,也可以簡單地寫作:twenty fifty

  美國貨幣:

  1美元鈔票a S|1.00 bill

  1 dollar=100 cents

 �。⊿|1.00=one dollar)

 �。⊿|2.00=two dollars)

  25美分1 quarter

  10美分1 dime

  5美元1 nickel

  1美分1 penny

  S|15.95:fifteen dollars ninety-five cents,或fifteen ninety-five.

 �。ㄗⅲ罕硎菊r(jià)格: regular price, normal price.

  表示價(jià)格劃算:a good buy, a better buy, an excellent price, a good price/ bargain.

  表示價(jià)格較貴:dear, expensive, more expensive, steep.

  表示價(jià)格便宜:cheap, inexpensive, bargain price, less expensive.

  表示減價(jià)出售:sale price, on sale, garage sale, Christmas sale, special price.

  詞組:discount, half, double, cut off, knock off, twice as much as ,cross off, etc.)

  4.英語中關(guān)于數(shù)字及其計(jì)算的聽力考點(diǎn)

 �。�1)數(shù)字辨別:

  有關(guān)數(shù)字辨別的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵考點(diǎn)就是類似30/13,40/14,50/15,60/16的聽音,看大家能否聽出其發(fā)音區(qū)別。聽力理解中難以分辨的基數(shù)詞主要有以下幾對:

  thirteen與thirty; fourteen與forty; fifteen與fifty; sixteen與sixty; seventeen與seventy;eighteen與eighty; nineteen與ninety,在英文中這幾對數(shù)詞叫做teens and tens(十幾與幾十)。

  不管加減還是乘除,這類題中至少會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)數(shù)字,你的任務(wù)就是迅速地判斷這兩者的關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)聽音再確定正確選項(xiàng)。

 �。�2)加減法計(jì)算:

  在需要簡單的加減法計(jì)算的題型中,對話中至少出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)數(shù)字,它們之間的關(guān)系往往用“多少”、“遲早”、“快慢”、“前后”的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等來表達(dá)。還要注意一些能夠表示數(shù)的存在或引起數(shù)的變化的動(dòng)詞,這些動(dòng)詞也能確定數(shù)字之間的加減關(guān)系,例如:

  be, have, start, begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase, add, borrow, lend, loan, delay, save, go up, go down, rate, at x% off the price等。

  大家還應(yīng)該記住下面這些表示加減關(guān)系的詞:

  more(多),less(少),late(晚),early(早),fast(快),slow(慢),before(前),after(后),add/addition(加上),plus(加上),subtract/ subtraction(減去),minus(減去)

  Dialogue 1:

  M: This black bag is 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.

  W: The red one is twice as much as the blue one.

  Q: How much are two red bags?

  A.S|4.00      B.S|6.00

  C.S|8.00      D.S|12.00

  這道題從選擇項(xiàng)上來看非常簡單,因?yàn)閿?shù)字不大,所以乍一看選擇項(xiàng)有可能放松警惕,而實(shí)際上,這道貌似簡單的題,中間卻暗含著陷阱。因?yàn)樵闹刑岬絙lack、blue、red三個(gè)顏色的bag,比較后提問的是紅色書包的價(jià)格,包含了一個(gè)加法和乘法運(yùn)算。如果大家在聽的時(shí)候沒記好,又沒有做好筆記,就很容易出錯(cuò)。因此,在聽力答題中要保持一個(gè)清醒的頭腦,穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打是成功的重要保證。

  Dialogue 2:

  W: Three hours ago, I saw Bob at a meeting. Is he home yet?

  M: No. He said he would be back at four and it's six already.

  Question: What time did the woman see Bob?

  A??2∶00     B??3∶00     C??5∶00     D??6∶00

  在這個(gè)例子中,見到Bob的具體時(shí)間必須依據(jù)現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間推斷出。現(xiàn)在時(shí)間是6點(diǎn)鐘,而說話人是在三小時(shí)之前見到Bob的,因而那時(shí)的時(shí)間約是3點(diǎn)鐘。正確的選項(xiàng)是B.

  Dialogue 3:

  M:Which coat did you finally decide to buy?

  W: Well, I would like to buy the green one, but it was S|85.00, so I bought the pink one instead, and save S|35.00.

  Question: How much did the woman pay for the coat?

  A'60     B??75     C??90     D??50

  原對話中并未直接給出說話人所購買的衣服的價(jià)錢,但可以通過其他信息推算出來。灰色衣服是85元,而買棕色的可以節(jié)省35元,即棕色的衣服是50元。應(yīng)選D.

  Dialogue 4:

  W.How many people showed up for the meeting yesterday, thirty?

  M:Twenty-five are expected to come, but the number was double that.

  Question: What's the actual number of people who attended the meeting?

  A'20     B'35     C'35     D'50

  此題中的運(yùn)算關(guān)系由double一詞體現(xiàn)出來,即雙倍的。原來預(yù)計(jì)有25人到場,實(shí)際上是原先的兩倍,因而正確的選項(xiàng)是D. 
結(jié)束

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