考研英語(yǔ)中，閱讀理解的分值比重比較大。都教授一直以來在不斷地對(duì)閱讀理解進(jìn)行研究，也在不斷的教學(xué)和摸索中，總結(jié)了一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)。下面和大家分享下閱讀理解中錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特征，希望大家可以避免犯錯(cuò)。

　　一、選項(xiàng)表述內(nèi)容明顯違背常識(shí)

　　例如1.真題 2013 text1 ①In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle. ②But, today, average is officially over. ③Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. ④It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. ⑤Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

　　22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______

　　[C] adopt an average lifestyle

　　解析：很明顯，想要成為一個(gè)成功的人，不可能采取一個(gè)平凡的生活方式的，不然我們大家都會(huì)成功啦。所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

　　例如2.真題 2011 text4 It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”

　　36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring

　　[A]temporary delight. [B]enjoyment in progress.

　　[C]happiness in retrospect. [D]lasting reward.

　　解析：題干中問“養(yǎng)孩子可以帶來什么?”A.暫時(shí)的歡樂 B過程中的享受 C.回顧中的幸福 D.持久的回報(bào)。從我們的生活常識(shí)中，我們知道父母養(yǎng)我們，肯定不是為了暫時(shí)的歡樂，也不是為了圖我們的回報(bào)，在養(yǎng)育過程中盡管有歡樂，但是也會(huì)充滿艱辛和困難，由此，選項(xiàng)ABD都不正確，所以D為正確答案。當(dāng)然我們還可以中文章中倒數(shù)第二句定位，找到答案。

　　例如3.真題 2012 text2(英語(yǔ)二) ①Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not.

　　27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?

　　[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.

　　解析：選項(xiàng)A中，根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，顏色是不會(huì)編碼在女孩子們的基因中的，所以A可作為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)排除。

　　二、斷章取字面意思：

　　例如1.真題 2013 text3 (英語(yǔ)二)①But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. ②Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. ③We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. ④Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

　　32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.

　　[B] are not unconscious

　　[D] are not impulsive

　　解析：文中第三句出現(xiàn)了unconsciously 和impulses，但是這個(gè)句子是個(gè)肯定句，而選項(xiàng)B和D是兩個(gè)否定句，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)只是很牽強(qiáng)的取用了unconsciously和impulses這兩個(gè)詞 但是所表達(dá)的意思和文章第三句沒有關(guān)系，故而都排除。

　　例如2.真題 2004 text4 ①Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Bodybuilder, a job database on the Internet. ②He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent.”

　　41. How did Redmon find his job?

　　[A] By searching openings in a job database.

　　解析：文中第一句出現(xiàn)了 job database，但是這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)是作為同位語(yǔ)解釋前面的Bodybuilder, 文中第二句緊接著就說He searched it with no success ，所以選項(xiàng)A表述不正確，斷章取義說他找到工作就是By searching openings in a job database是不正確的，故而排除。

　　例如3.真題 2007 text1 ①…conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.

　　23. According to Ericsson, good memory

　　[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.

　　解析：選項(xiàng)B中的 X rather than Y結(jié)構(gòu)等同于文中more .A..than ..B，但是X=B,Y=A, 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)并不對(duì)等。出題老師以為斷章取義把這兩個(gè)詞放在同一句中就可以迷惑大家。希望考生們?cè)谧鲱}目時(shí)一定要仔細(xì)。

　　三、選項(xiàng)和原文不一致，偷換概念：

　　例如1.真題 2007 text1 ③Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.

　　24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that

　　[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.

　　解析：原文中overrated的意思是“高估”，而選項(xiàng)C中overlooked的意思是“忽視、忽略”。這就是考查這個(gè)形近詞的辨析，我們平時(shí)在記憶單詞的時(shí)候，一定要注意了，要把考綱詞匯中容易混淆的詞匯，分開來記，辨記清楚。

　　例如2.真題 2008 text1 ③“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,”

　　22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women

　　[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

　　解析：原文是個(gè)比較級(jí)，說的是女人的耐壓能力比男人強(qiáng)，而選項(xiàng)B中說的是女人擁有有限的耐壓能力。該選項(xiàng)中 limited偷換了原文greater的概念。故選項(xiàng)B排除。

　　例如2.真題 2013 text3(英語(yǔ)二) ①John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. ②When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.

　　34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on____.

　　[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study

　　解析：34題可以定位到文中第一句的后半句：only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. 這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在thick sliced之后才有thin slice，所以thick sliced才是基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)B把前后概念偷換了。

　　例如2.真題 2013 text4(英語(yǔ)二)①Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. ②In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. ③Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.

　　36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.

　　[A] women take the lead

　　解析：原文中第三句說women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.女人只占14%，這個(gè)比例是比較小的。而選項(xiàng)A表示女人處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。這是對(duì) until women are part of senior management decisions的概念偷換，故排除。

　　由上面的分析，我們不難看出，考研出卷專家在設(shè)置選項(xiàng)題目時(shí)，有部分選項(xiàng)是用來湊數(shù)的。這些選項(xiàng)我們按照生活常識(shí)就可以判定其為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。都教授希望2016考研的學(xué)子們，在考研復(fù)習(xí)得的比較后一周，要開始整理自己的錯(cuò)題本和總結(jié)了，不要再盲目地做新題目了。溫故知新，可以更好的把握做題技巧。比較后，祝福大家一切順利。

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