考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句的特點(diǎn)分析:
(一)成分超長(zhǎng)
和托福、雅思等國(guó)外流行的考試一樣,現(xiàn)在的考研英語(yǔ)也表現(xiàn)出一種成分越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì),而考生在練習(xí)閱讀的過(guò)程中要盡可能適應(yīng)這樣一種出題方式,比如充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的可以有:名詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,從句等。下面舉兩個(gè)例子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明:
例:Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.
分析:這句話(huà)的復(fù)雜之處在于句子的主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)從Creating…到Old Continent, 而且在主語(yǔ)中還有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)是由that 引導(dǎo)的,另一個(gè)是由which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。此句話(huà)的特點(diǎn)是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)極其不協(xié)調(diào),主語(yǔ)超長(zhǎng),但是謂語(yǔ)越短。因此,理解這句話(huà)的關(guān)鍵是要首先能夠從句中提取出主語(yǔ),并且正確理解兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,然后才能順利完成整個(gè)句子的閱讀。
譯文:不同文化和不同的傳統(tǒng)把歐洲大陸編織在一起,要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出一種尊重這些文化和傳統(tǒng)的歐洲品牌(歐洲所獨(dú)有的東西)絕非易事,需要人們做出戰(zhàn)略性選擇。
類(lèi)似的結(jié)構(gòu)如With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. 意為"盡管網(wǎng)上有成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)與職業(yè)相關(guān)的網(wǎng)站,但是想找到有前景的職位空缺卻是耗時(shí)而又沒(méi)有效率的"。
除了超長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)外,考研中還時(shí)有出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的情況在考研中有兩種:一種是把從句放在句首,還有一種是把從句放在句尾,句首用it做形式主語(yǔ)。
比如,
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is as yet, an unanswered question.
分析:這句話(huà)主語(yǔ)是由兩個(gè)whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成的,并且在第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句中還有一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
譯文:然而,這種公平感是卷尾猴和人類(lèi)分別進(jìn)化的結(jié)果,還是源自3500萬(wàn)年前這一物種共同的祖先,還是一個(gè)沒(méi)有結(jié)論的問(wèn)題。
再如,
Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
分析:這句話(huà)中就是非常典型的it做形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。
譯文:再者,顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān),而效率提高則又有賴(lài)于各種科技人員的努力。
(二)語(yǔ)序顛倒
這里的語(yǔ)序顛倒在考研中最明顯的一種情況就是賓語(yǔ)后置情況,而且往往會(huì)考試中造成很大的障礙,那么什么叫做賓語(yǔ)后置呢?
這里先舉一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子,比如很多男同學(xué)在交女朋友的時(shí)候心里往往會(huì)許下承諾:I will make you happy. 這句話(huà)的結(jié)構(gòu)很簡(jiǎn)單:主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ),可是在考研當(dāng)中往往會(huì)因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)而把賓語(yǔ)放到補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面,比如:
Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
分析:這句話(huà)中which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾concept, makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding直譯過(guò)來(lái)就是"創(chuàng)造出可能的大量的具體研究及理解",可其實(shí)這句話(huà)中的possible是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),它真正的結(jié)構(gòu)是makes immense amounts of concrete research and understanding possible,即:"使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識(shí)成為可能"。
這里給大家舉出另外一句話(huà)供同學(xué)們思考:
Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry".
(三)省略
考研中有時(shí)需要考慮到篇幅的問(wèn)題,所以會(huì)對(duì)原文進(jìn)行刪節(jié),而且作者在行文過(guò)程中本著語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)明扼要的要求,所以如果在句子中出現(xiàn)與前面或后面重復(fù)的成分,文章中基本上會(huì)把能省略掉的東西全部省略掉。對(duì)付這類(lèi)情況的辦法就是能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)恢復(fù)句子的原貌。
例:
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. America's life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.
分析:這里有兩處省略,一是省略death is,二是can be…;這里的省略都是因?yàn)樯衔奶岬较鄳?yīng)的內(nèi)容,因此下文就將相同的內(nèi)容省略。如果補(bǔ)全的話(huà),全句應(yīng)為:It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada death is inevitable and in California death is optional. Small wonder. America's life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression can be controlled, cataracts can be removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.
譯文:據(jù)說(shuō),在英國(guó)死亡是迫在眉睫的,在加拿大死亡是不可避免的,在加州是可以選擇的,這種說(shuō)法并不奇怪。在過(guò)去一個(gè)世紀(jì)里,美國(guó)人的壽命幾乎增長(zhǎng)了一倍。髖骨壞了可以更換,臨床憂(yōu)郁癥得到了控制,白內(nèi)障通過(guò)三十分鐘的手術(shù)例可以切除。
當(dāng)然,想在考研基礎(chǔ)階段突破長(zhǎng)難句,就要多加練習(xí),并且熟悉各種長(zhǎng)句的結(jié)構(gòu),才能達(dá)到得心應(yīng)手的程度。
特別聲明:①凡本網(wǎng)注明稿件來(lái)源為"原創(chuàng)"的,轉(zhuǎn)載必須注明"稿件來(lái)源:育路網(wǎng)",違者將依法追究責(zé)任;
②部分稿件來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò),如有侵權(quán),請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們溝通解決。
25人覺(jué)得有用
04
2015.06
考研階段的英語(yǔ)翻譯常以長(zhǎng)句子為主,不僅詞匯量大,而且語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,難度上升了不止一個(gè)檔次,令......
關(guān)于我們 | 商務(wù)合作 | 聯(lián)系我們
咨詢(xún)電話(huà):010-51268840 傳真:010-51418040
北京育路互聯(lián)科技有限公司版權(quán)所有