下面根據(jù)歷年考研英語的考試真題整理的有關(guān)考研英語英漢短語和句型對(duì)照，供大家參考：

　　一、常考的短語及句型

　　anything but 根本不;nothing but 只不過是;

　　all but 幾乎，差一點(diǎn)，除……以外其余都是;

　　but for 要不是;but that +從句，若不是……;

　　..., only to+動(dòng)詞，結(jié)果是……;not so much...as...與其說，不如說;

　　not so much as 連在一起寫為“連……都不(肯)”; not nearly/by no means/far from 遠(yuǎn)不;

　　to say nothing of, not to speak of, not to mention, let alone 更不用說;

　　much less, still less 引導(dǎo)詞組或從句，表示一種追加的否定;

　　no more...than... 和……一樣都不……;

　　more...than... 與其……不如……;

　　no less than... 簡(jiǎn)直是，實(shí)在是;nothing less than 完全是，實(shí)在是;

　　not that...but that... 不是……而是……;cannot...too... 再……也不過分，應(yīng)該;

　　other...than，other than 不同于，非，除了;

　　the last person/thing, etc.+ to do sth…比較不可能的……;

　　It is asserted that... 有人斷言……;It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道……;

　　It is believed that... 人們/有人認(rèn)為……;It is considered that... 有人/人們認(rèn)為……;

　　It is said that 據(jù)說……;It is supposed that... 據(jù)推測(cè)

　　二、常見的短語及句型實(shí)例

　　1�盿s 引導(dǎo)的特殊狀語從句，翻譯時(shí)作定語從句處理

　　例：“In short”, a leader of the new school contends,“the scientific revolution,as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(1994年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說：“簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們所稱之為的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用。這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無所不及。”

　　2�盿nything but 根本不;nothing but 只不過是;all but 幾乎，差一點(diǎn);除……以外其余都是;but for 要不是;but that +從句，若不是……

　　例1�盇lone in a deserted house,he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.(1990年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：雖然他單獨(dú)一人住在這幢房子里，但他埋頭于研究工作，一點(diǎn)也沒有感到孤獨(dú)。

　　[注釋]：句中 anything but 意為 not at all。試對(duì)比：He seldom talked of anything but painting.(他除了繪畫很少談到別的事情)。此句中 but 作介詞，意為 except。

　　例2�盩he method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. (1993年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式，也就是對(duì)一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕忉尩谋磉_(dá)方式。

　　例3�盩he party was all but over when we arrived.

　　[譯文]：我們到達(dá)時(shí)，聚會(huì)已近尾聲。

　　[注釋]：此句中 all but 意為 nearly,almost。

　　例4�盉ut for the rain, we would have had a nice holiday.

　　[譯文]：要不是因?yàn)橄掠辏�我們的假日一定過得很愜意。

　　例5�盉ut that you had seen me in the water, I would have drowned.

　　[譯文]：要不是你看見我掉在水里，我早就淹死了。

　　3��“名詞，+or +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中or 后的名詞是同位語，應(yīng)譯為“即……;或者稱……”

　　例：Moreover,technology includes techniques,or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.

　　[譯文]：再者，除機(jī)器外技術(shù)還包括技藝，即制作方法，而運(yùn)用這些技藝并不一定都需要機(jī)器。

　　4��“...,only to +動(dòng)詞”意為“……，結(jié)果卻……”

　　例：They don�餿 have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre,the cinema or the opera,only to discover,perhaps,that the show is disappointing.(1995年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：他們不必花錢去戲院、電影院或歌劇院買價(jià)格很貴的戲票，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，所演的節(jié)目令人失望。

　　[注釋]：“...， only to + v. ”表示與句子謂語動(dòng)作的目的相反的結(jié)果。

　　5�眓ot nearly 永遠(yuǎn)不

　　例：Food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. (1991年考研試題)

　　[譯文]：食品供應(yīng)將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)趕不上人口的增長(zhǎng)，這就意味著我們?cè)诩Z食的生產(chǎn)和購(gòu)銷方面正面臨危機(jī)。

　　[注釋]：1) this 是指上面的“到21世紀(jì)初世界人口將增加到60億或70億”。2)又例：There are not nearly enough people here to do the job. (這里的人手遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。)