1. alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline這一組動詞都有"減少,減輕"的意思。
alleviate v.在痛苦方面的減輕,緩和
The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼藥減緩了疼痛。
diminish v.指因為不斷消耗,在數(shù)量方面緩慢減少,也指在素質(zhì)或者價值的下降。
The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于戰(zhàn)爭石油的供應減少了。
reduce v.指人為地使某物在數(shù)量或重量方面的減少或降低。
He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他縮減了他們的開銷。
decrease v.指數(shù)量上的減少;力量或者強度的減弱。
The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口數(shù)量急劇下降。
decline v. (數(shù)目、價格、比率)下降;謝絕,婉言推辭;衰退,衰落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。
He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。
2. allocate, separate, detach, divide都有"分開"的意思。
allocate v.分配,把……撥給。
The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的預算中給學校和警察部門分配了資金。
separate v.人為地分開,使隔離開。
We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我們把沙拉叉與餐叉分隔開。
detach v.拆開組合的物體;遠離,疏遠。
We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我們需要一名木匠將書架從墻上拆下來。
divide v.指將整體分為若干個部分。
The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.這家特大公司分成一些較小的公司。
3. ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim "模糊"
ambiguous a.意義含糊的,有歧義的,指因字、詞、句有歧義而使人感到模糊不清、難以理解和把握。
His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱兩可的指導使我們很迷惑以至于我們不知道該走哪條路了。
obscure a.用于表達因光線不足而使人看不清楚。該詞的引申意義可以表示語法、文字、記憶等因復雜、深奧、模棱兩可而使人看不懂和無法理解。
The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references. 艾茲拉•龐德的詩有時候難以理解,因為詩歌中含有許多令人費解的典故。
vague a.含混的,不清楚的,多用于比喻意義,用來表示因邏輯關(guān)系不清、言辭籠統(tǒng)而導致的意義不清楚,該詞也可表示輪廓形狀的不清楚和模糊。
He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么,但沒有具體的計劃。
unclear a.指句意、字跡不清楚,使人難以看懂;不肯定的。
Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字跡使人難以辨認。
It is unclear whether the economy will get better.經(jīng)濟是否好轉(zhuǎn)仍不明朗。
dim a.光線暗淡的,看不清的;記憶力模糊的;不大可能的。
Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光線下工作。
His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康復的可能性十分渺茫。
4. amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand
amplify v.擴大,增加,尤其指通過增強電壓或電流使聲音擴大;補充敘述(故事、事件等)。
We must ask you to amplify your statement.我們得請你對你的說法作進一步的說明。
enlarge v.擴大,多指具體物品如相片的放大。
enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house擴建房屋
stretch v. (有彈性地)伸展,延伸,并有可能超過限度;伸長、伸出(身體某部位)并繃緊肌肉(尤指在放松后或為了夠著某物)。
The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.這件套頭毛衣我穿了幾次之后就撐大了。
Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早間工作之后,職員們站到桌子后面伸伸懶腰。
magnify v.放大,指用透鏡或顯微鏡使物體看上去大一些。
His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能夠閱讀。
reinforce v.增援,加固。
expand v.指范圍、體積的擴大、增大,也可以指內(nèi)容細節(jié)的充實。
The balloon expanded, then exploded.氣球先是膨脹,然后就爆破了。
5.anger, fury, indignation, resentment"憤怒、生氣"
anger n.氣憤,生氣,是一般用語。
After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.爭吵之后,他一拳打在那個人的臉上以發(fā)泄怒氣。
fury n.暴怒,大怒,程度較anger要強。
indignation n.義憤,尤其指出于道義上的激憤。
general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽車票價突然猛增激起的公憤。
resentment n.憤恨,怨恨,不滿,正式用語,尤指受侮辱或自尊心受到傷害后而產(chǎn)生的憤慨。
There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工資降低后,辦公室里怨聲載道。
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