這周的時間比較充裕，所以可以連載這個系列的文章，大家可能注意到了，前兩篇里面講到的模板和句型的改寫比較多，而從第六篇開始，我講模式會比較多。昨天我們講到一般中間段的寫法，我們再來看看包裝之后的中間段是怎么寫的。

　　【認知】

　　今天我們依然選取的是2010年第一篇文章，前4篇我們選擇的是2011年的四篇不同文章，證明句型仿寫等方法的普遍和廣泛，從第5篇開始，我們著重對一篇文章進行分析，這樣在鞏固以前技能的基礎(chǔ)上，我們會對段落以及整體文章的架構(gòu)和聯(lián)系有進一步的理解。今天引用的這一段，可謂是昨天那一段的進一步論證——即年輕人很難想象報刊雜志上出現(xiàn)大篇幅的藝術(shù)評論，而在這一段里，描述了更多的背景和支撐細節(jié)。原文如下：

　　We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turns of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, ”Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’. ”

　　【解析】

　　在這一段當中，字數(shù)已經(jīng)達到了171個字，同學(xué)們在寫作文的時候，肯定沒有必要寫那么多，不過正如上課所講的，如果你要練習(xí)一千米長跑，我們平時訓(xùn)練的時候一般都會多跑幾百米，所以，如果這里字數(shù)超出考研作文要求，那是因為文章整體字數(shù)也超出了很多，所以按照適當比例，我們可以推斷出，如果文章寫5段，4段，3段，分別每段在多少字為宜，這里不贅述。除了句型，今天要解析的重點就是背景介紹的邏輯和模式，這也是我們十種論證方式當中的第四種(關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)邏輯的方式大家可以去微博看相關(guān)視頻，上課有講到)。

　　We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews(這一段的主題句，反復(fù)應(yīng)征上一段的觀點) published in England between the turns of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days(老外的從宏觀到微觀的論證方式，和google earth很像), it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business(相對于前面一句，這一句更加的細化), and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men(順承前句) believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, ”Newman wrote(再進一步細化), “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’. ”‘

　　所以，整個段落的背景介紹思路和模式是：

　　二戰(zhàn)到20世紀的報刊評論(大環(huán)境)——報刊雜志的評論量足細節(jié)更足(行業(yè))——評論家(如同消磨那和紐曼)對周圍實事了如指掌(行業(yè)人群體)——這些評論家喜歡在上面發(fā)表文章(行業(yè)人群)——其中一位(紐曼)的話(行業(yè)人個例)。

　　從微觀的角度分析句子，相對來說，如果有了前面五篇的基礎(chǔ)，就比較容易了，盡管句子越來越長，但是難度并不大。

　　We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turns of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.

　　這個句子的實質(zhì)就是A，at a time when B and C(a was considered as b 后面加上定語從句)。

　　順便說一句啊，在考研寫作過程當中，出現(xiàn)太多的we會顯得不夠客觀，所以可以把we換成people。

　　In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.

　　這句主要的語言點在于it was taken for granted that...相當于it was natural that...只是語氣更為強烈。

　　Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.

　　兩句話中間加逗號加and，相信這個大家不陌生，這里不贅述，只是要注意長短句的結(jié)合，哪怕在同一個句子里面，我們都看出了一張一弛，其他的就是定語從句了，然后就是wear their learning lightly大家可以學(xué)學(xué)，畢竟非常地道，如果不知道意思，可以想想反義wear their learning heavily，穿著學(xué)識沉沉的外衣，意思可想而知，反之則相反，“低調(diào)”“深藏不露”，“不顯山不漏水”，“學(xué)究氣不濃”，“不好為人師”相信都可以的。從整個文章來說，“即便是像蕭伯納和紐曼這樣__________的人也希望在報紙上發(fā)表一些評論”，如果是高調(diào)或者喜歡炫耀的意思，就不會有even though這個語氣在里面。

　　These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.

　　這里要學(xué)習(xí)的是believe in A as B，其他自便。

　　“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, ”Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’. ”

　　一般在考研作文當中，很少出現(xiàn)引語的，所以這里不詳細講，不過大家可以嘗試一下在沒有中間隔斷的情況下，這句話是不是也可以作為仿寫的對象，畢竟紐曼還是很有文采的。修改整理后的句子變成了

　　Few authors have enough brains or enough literary gift to keep their own end up in journalism, so that I am tempted to define 'journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt (applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’).

　　【應(yīng)用】

　　和以往五篇不同，從第六篇開始，我們就已經(jīng)不再是簡單做單句的仿寫，而是確定一個統(tǒng)一的主題，然后從模式和模板兩個層面，雙管齊下。比如講到選美比賽本身其實并不能讓大家真正的接近美。這個主題的大環(huán)境是，大家其實從某種意義上已經(jīng)不在乎什么是美，因為美太主觀，在這個大環(huán)境下，選美比賽的主辦方正是利用了關(guān)于美的不確定標準，吸引了眼球，謀求了利益，在這個選美比賽的小環(huán)境下，選手們，組織者們，觀眾們作為行業(yè)群體的表現(xiàn)各異，但是目標幾乎都不是為了接近美，比較后如果愿意的話，可以舉出個案，延伸到主辦方用商業(yè)化毀掉美，觀眾增加茶余飯后的談資，以及選手通過整形等方式獲得勝利等相關(guān)分話題。

　　We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.

　　People are generally farther from the the essence of beauty "advocated" from beauty contests worldwide since the beginning of 21st Century, as a time when the standard of beauty has been diversified, and contests or competitions have been considered as never-failing eye-catchers in which the slogan of pursuing the true beauty constantly talks but seldom walks.

　　In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.

　　In these profit-based days, it is taken for granted that the leaders of related commercial organizations would put financial reward on top priority throught contests they hold.

　　Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.

　　Theirs is a high-profit business, and even though who wear the badge of "the ultimate beauty pursuer", could be trusted to anticipate the winning of the game.

　　These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.

　　These contestants believed in beauty contests as a shortcut to personal prosperity, and must be proud to be appreciated, admired, or even adored by individuals and groups from various channels.

　　了解了背景介紹的段落寫作手法后，我們慢慢發(fā)現(xiàn)，在通往高分作文的路上，模板的威力越來越小，模式的威力顯現(xiàn)的越來越大，比較關(guān)鍵的是要心知肚明寫完上句后，下句應(yīng)該寫什么，就算內(nèi)容上不明確，方向上應(yīng)該有個指引，否則自然是為了寫而寫，或者以為完成了模板這個動作，分就高了。改卷老師的確沒有時間那么詳細的分析你的套路和邏輯，但是，沒有這樣的邏輯和模式支撐，很難形成這樣的語言包裝，而我們要達到的效果是，任何考官讀到這段當中的任何句子時，都會明白，這和普通的范文以及其他考生的文章截然不同，不論他是否選擇繼續(xù)停留，他都會明白，讓這位考生出類的，遠遠不只是模板。

　　【變通】

　　每次上課講完了一個知識點，需要驗證的時候，我都會問同學(xué)們是你們選擇出題還是我來出題你們驗證，無數(shù)個班過去了，幾乎無一例外的選擇我出題，呵呵，我只能感激各位對我的信任了，只是有一個觀念在我腦子里面盤旋——一個連考題都沒有心情翻閱的人，怎么會有心情和精力來一句一句仿寫，或者來推敲我所說的模式?希望我是錯的。今天不留題目，大家自行變通。