一、考研翻譯應(yīng)試原則

    步驟一：標(biāo)記句子主句主干及從句先行詞

    1、主干判定原則：

    謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：___動(dòng)詞原形_______， ____第三人稱______， ____過去時(shí)______

    補(bǔ)充說明：____情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、過去分詞、并列連詞、倒裝、省略________________

    注解：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后為動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞原形

    過去分詞與過去時(shí)的區(qū)分在于主被動(dòng)的判定

    并列連詞可能會(huì)帶有省略內(nèi)容

    倒裝句要關(guān)注never，only等標(biāo)志詞

    練習(xí)一：

    （2005/48） This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in， a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks， no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

    （2007/47） On the other， it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.

    練習(xí)二：

    （2006/50） They may teach very well， and more than earn their salaries， but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

    （2005/49） Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.

    先行詞判定原則：

    先行詞的形式：___that_______， ___which_______， ____who______， ____when______， ____as______

    先行詞與主干關(guān)系：______隔離從句，獨(dú)立翻譯______________

    補(bǔ)充說明：_______that可作為形容詞、as可作為介詞、which尤須判定指代內(nèi)容_____________

    練習(xí)：

    （2003/62） Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned， orderly， systematic， and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

    （2006/47） His function is analogous to that of a judge， who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

    步驟二：標(biāo)記句子從句主干

    Key Word：which

    可根據(jù)which后動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)（如可判斷）及含義判斷which指代的內(nèi)容，尤其當(dāng)which指代逗號(hào)前句子時(shí)；which前若有介詞則翻譯時(shí)按照介詞結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯。

    （1997/71） Actually， it isn‘t， because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights， which is something the world does not have.

    （2004/61） The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought， which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

    Key Word：when

    如果when前面是表示時(shí)間的名詞則when則是指該時(shí)間，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)按定語從句翻譯為“當(dāng)時(shí)，屆時(shí)，在那時(shí)”等；若無則翻譯為“當(dāng)…時(shí)，在…的時(shí)候”等。

    （1996/72） This trend began during the Second World War， when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

    Key Word：while

    可根據(jù)while從句與主句內(nèi)容判斷while含義，若句意有轉(zhuǎn)折或反義則while應(yīng)翻譯為“盡管，然而”等；不然則while應(yīng)翻譯為“當(dāng)…時(shí)，與此同時(shí)”等。

    （2007/50） While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories， it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

    （2000/73） Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications， people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas， while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

    Key Word：the idea/fact/reason/charge that

    （2007/48） But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

    步驟三：根據(jù)標(biāo)記依次翻譯

    翻譯原則：

    主干翻譯：（1）______根據(jù)動(dòng)詞翻譯句子______________（2）________根據(jù)句意調(diào)整句式____________（3） _______根據(jù)搭配修改詞匯_____________

    修飾翻譯：（1）_______修飾內(nèi)容一般前置翻譯_____________（2）_______過長或過復(fù)雜內(nèi)容課獨(dú)立翻譯_____________（3） _______內(nèi)容可根據(jù)含義調(diào)整位置_____________

    補(bǔ)充說明：________譯文不必過于追求潤色__________