不同的人有著不同的閱讀方法。有人主張先看題目，后看文章；有人主張先看文章，后看題目。但其目的只有一個，那就是快速瀏覽文章，抓住文中考點，準確快速地答題。在這里，筆者推薦一種閱讀方法，并稍加分析。

　　第一步：掃描題目

　　這里的掃描與通常所說的那種試圖去瀏覽每個題干、并記住全部提問的內(nèi)容，以便在閱讀中直接找出答案的先看題目后讀文章的方法是完全不同的。后者雖然在理論上是有些道理，但在實際應用中根本做不到，只是在浪費寶貴的考試時間。因為一個人想要瀏覽并記住全部題目的內(nèi)容，大約需要2～3分鐘，當考生把這些記住的內(nèi)容帶入文章的閱讀中，大腦又將趨于空白。常人的短時記憶容量很有限，大腦不可能在這么短的時間里記住這么多的東西，這之前所花的2～3分鐘的寶貴時間也就完全被浪費掉了。本處所推薦的掃描題目僅限于去發(fā)現(xiàn)題干中是否有人名（因為題目中一旦出現(xiàn)人名很有可能是針對人物觀點的提問，記住人名就可以在下一步的閱讀中有意識的去關(guān)注該人物的觀點）以及需要推斷詞義的單詞或短語的出現(xiàn)（這種掃描大約會花2～3秒鐘。事實證明，人的大腦在掃描的一瞬間去記住一兩個單詞是可行的，即使試題當中沒有我們所需要的內(nèi)容，2～3秒鐘的損失比起2～3分鐘的損失要小得多）。在下一步的文章閱讀中我們就會有意識地去發(fā)現(xiàn)與題干中提到的人物或單詞相關(guān)的一些信息，為我們在做題時迅速定位打下基礎。與之相反的先看文章、后看題目的方法，一旦題目中出現(xiàn)這種問題，又必須重新回到文章中去找。事實證明，要在一篇400～500個單詞的文章中去查找到一個人名或生詞是要花費一些時間的，相對于提前花2～3秒鐘掃描題目獲得的收益小得多。

　　如2005年試題 Text 2，通過掃描，我們會很快發(fā)現(xiàn)文中有就 Bruce Alberts 的觀點以及短語“paralysis by analysis”含義的提問。對于后者，由于是格言的引用，屬必考內(nèi)容，無需記憶。所以，在下一步的文章閱讀中，我們只需有意識地去發(fā)現(xiàn)與Bruce Alberts相關(guān)的語句就行，不必讀到題目時再回到文章中到處找Bruce Alberts的觀點。

　　第二步：開始閱讀文章

　　在這里，我們需要掌握兩大技巧。

　　第一：學會跳躍和掃描式閱讀，以提高閱讀的速度。

　　第二：學會應對文中出現(xiàn)的一些難點，加深對文章的理解。

　　(一)提高閱讀速度的方法

　　1．跳躍式閱讀

　　跳躍式閱讀所要跳過的內(nèi)容自然是和文章中心沒有太多聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容。如對某一專家身份頭銜的說明，這類文字內(nèi)容與文章的中心雖不相關(guān)，卻會經(jīng)-常在文中出現(xiàn)，這些內(nèi)容事實上會增加信息的復雜程度，干擾考生思路，而題目中不會考查。

　　如1990年的試題，Text 2

　　......

　　“but there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,”says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.

　　【分析】這里，我們只需看引號內(nèi)的內(nèi)容即可，至于“on female labor...”后面長長的頭銜稱謂完全可以跳過去。

　　如1998年的試題， Text 3

　　Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics—but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University, and the DemonHaunted World, by Car Sagan of Cornell University.

　　【分析】這句話，我們只需讀到notably Higher Superstition即可, by Paul R.Gross之后的全部內(nèi)容就可以跳過。

　　2．掃描式閱讀

　　掃描式閱讀的內(nèi)容與跳躍式閱讀的內(nèi)容相比，與文章的聯(lián)系稍稍緊密一些，但一般不是考試的重點，我們只需對其有大致印象即可。這類內(nèi)容一般由用來說明中心的論據(jù)構(gòu)成。當段落中心已經(jīng)-很明確時，我們可以對說明中心的具體論據(jù)實行快速掃描。

　　如1988年試題，Text 3

　　……

　　It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing. Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins. Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. The new man-made fibers are more hardwearing than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.

　　……

　　【分析】文中第一句話“It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing”已把中心交待得很清楚，后面的“Washing machines...are cheap and plentiful”大概掃描一下就知道是為段落中心服務的具體論據(jù)，屬次要內(nèi)容，可一掃而過。

　　如1989年的試題 Text 2

　　……

　　Possessing a car gives a much greater of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted for a choice within a small radius. Traveling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air-conditioning in the summer to suit his own needs and preference. There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. With the building of good, fast motorways, long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighborhood. This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.

　　……

　　【分析】對于這一段，我們只需讀完前幾句“Possessing a car gives a much greater of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally”就可以大致估計出后面是對私家車所帶來好處的進一步說明，此時我們就應該有意識地對后面的文字進行快速掃描，直到后面的中心句“This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car”。由此，整段意思就十分明了。

　　3．提高閱讀速度的另一途徑是：熟記詞匯的各種形式及其詞義

　　由英語語法所決定，英語文章中的詞匯除了少量虛詞是以原-形出現(xiàn)外，其他大多數(shù)單詞都是以一定的變化形式出現(xiàn)。而我們平時所記憶的詞匯均是以原形給出，在閱讀時，單詞原-形和變形之間就有一個思維的轉(zhuǎn)換過程，再加上有些變形的詞義在原-形的基礎上有較大幅度的改變，也就增加了思維轉(zhuǎn)換的難度，極大地妨礙-了閱讀速度的提高。熟記詞匯的各種形式及其詞義則直接省略了思維轉(zhuǎn)換過程，有利于提高閱讀速度。

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