歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句中詞義的正確選擇
本節(jié)中出現(xiàn)的例句多已在前面的章節(jié)中分析過(guò),故在此不再贅述,僅從詞義選擇的角度作一解析。
【真題例句】The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. (2001閱讀1)
【詞義選擇】make entrance to原義為“進(jìn)入”,本句根據(jù)下文professional geological journals轉(zhuǎn)譯為“在……上發(fā)表文章”。
【參考譯文】總體結(jié)果是,業(yè)余人員在專(zhuān)業(yè)地質(zhì)學(xué)刊物上發(fā)表論文更難了,這種結(jié)果又由于審稿的廣泛引入而變得更糟——19世紀(jì)由國(guó)家級(jí)雜志評(píng)審, 20世紀(jì)由一些地方地質(zhì)學(xué)雜志評(píng)審。
【真題例句】That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.(2001閱讀2)
【詞義選擇】句子中l(wèi)ying down原義是“躺下”,但是根據(jù)其后的并列結(jié)構(gòu)becoming fooled(被愚弄),我們將該動(dòng)詞翻譯為“屈從”。
【參考譯文】但這并不意味著屈服和被人愚弄,或者是讓外國(guó)企業(yè)自由發(fā)展。
【真題例句】Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events.(2001閱讀3)
【詞義選擇】句子中plug原義是“插入”,但是對(duì)應(yīng)的賓語(yǔ)部分是each day’s events into a set of standard templates(……每天發(fā)生的事情到一種模式),因此,該動(dòng)詞翻譯為“納入”,該結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯為“把每天發(fā)生的事件納入這種模式”。
【參考譯文】多數(shù)新聞?dòng)浾叨紝W(xué)著用一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模式去看待世界,并把每天發(fā)生的事件納入這種模式。
【真題例句】Include a few casual and apparently offthecuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.(2002閱讀1)
【詞義選擇】句子中deliver原義是“運(yùn)送”,但是對(duì)應(yīng)的賓語(yǔ)名詞是offthecuff remarks(即興的話),因此,該動(dòng)詞翻譯為“表達(dá),表述”。
【參考譯文】(練習(xí)幽默)包括一些很隨意的、看上去是即興的話,你也可以用很輕松的、自然的方式把它們表達(dá)出來(lái)。
【真題例句】The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.(2002閱讀3)
【詞義選擇】bill本義表示“賬單”,本句中根據(jù)前面的定語(yǔ)import(進(jìn)口),我們選其詞義“支出”。介詞this指代前文的一整句內(nèi)容if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year,由于前后文聯(lián)系緊密,我們可直譯為“這”。
【參考譯文】國(guó)際經(jīng)合組織在比較近一期的《經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》中估計(jì),如果油價(jià)以均價(jià)每桶22美元的水平維持一年,與1998年的13美元一桶相比,這也只會(huì)使富裕經(jīng)濟(jì)體石油進(jìn)口支出的增長(zhǎng)額占到國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值的0.25到0.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
【真題例句】For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines.(2003閱讀2)
【詞義選擇】句子中staff原義是名詞,譯為“員工”,但是句子中該詞前面是名詞a grandmotherly woman(一位老婦人),后面是名詞an animal rights booth(動(dòng)物權(quán)利宣傳亭),因此,判斷該詞是動(dòng)詞,翻譯為“搭起,擺”; distribute原義是“分配”,但是對(duì)應(yīng)的賓語(yǔ)名詞是a brochure(小冊(cè)子),因此,該動(dòng)詞翻譯為“散發(fā)”。brochure后的定語(yǔ)從句that encouraged readers not to use anything…中,關(guān)系代詞指代brochure在從句中作主語(yǔ)。句末為修飾anything的定語(yǔ)從句that comes from or is tested in animals,關(guān)系代詞that指代anything在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
【參考譯文】例如,在近期的一次集市上,一位老婦人搭起動(dòng)物權(quán)利宣傳亭,在前面散發(fā)小冊(cè)子,鼓勵(lì)讀者不要使用動(dòng)物制品和動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)制品——肉類(lèi)、毛皮、藥物。
【真題例句】To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.(2003閱讀2)
【詞義選擇】句子中produce原義是“生產(chǎn)”,但是對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)是animal research was needed to produce these treatment,賓語(yǔ)為treatment(治療),因此,該動(dòng)詞翻譯為“獲得”,該結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯為“獲得這些治療方法”。
【參考譯文】對(duì)那些不明白獲得新的治療方法和疫苗都必須進(jìn)行動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的人來(lái)說(shuō),動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)得好聽(tīng)一點(diǎn)是浪費(fèi),說(shuō)得不好聽(tīng)就是殘忍。
【真題例句】Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.(2003閱讀3)
【詞義選擇】句子中allow原義是“讓?zhuān)试S”,但是對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)是allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service(大幅成本降低以及更好的協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)),因此,該動(dòng)詞翻譯為“將帶來(lái)”。
【參考譯文】支持超級(jí)鐵路集團(tuán)的人辯稱(chēng),兼并將帶來(lái)成本的大幅降低,能夠更好地協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)。
【真題例句】Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases.(2003閱讀3)
【詞義選擇】句子中captive 原義為“俘虜?shù)?rdquo;,在這里我們聯(lián)系shippers(客戶)將其翻譯為“受牽制的”;hit原義是“碰撞,打”,但是其后的賓語(yǔ) a round of huge rate increases(新一輪的大幅漲價(jià)),因此,該動(dòng)詞翻譯為“遭遇,遭受”。
【參考譯文】許多受牽制的客戶還擔(dān)心他們即將遭遇新一輪的大幅漲價(jià)。
【真題例句】Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet.(2004閱讀1)
【詞義選擇】句子中stumble across原義是“絆倒”,本句中其賓語(yǔ)是CareerBuilder,又根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境“hunting for a job”(找工作),因此,該動(dòng)詞翻譯為“偶然碰到”。
【參考譯文】去年年底,甘特·雷德曼律師找工作時(shí),偶然碰到一家名為“職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃者”的求職網(wǎng)站。
【真題例句】When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. (2004閱讀3)
【詞義選擇】句子中bite原義是“咬”,本句中表現(xiàn)為固定搭配 biting her nails,翻譯為“束手無(wú)策”。
【參考譯文】當(dāng)提到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緩慢時(shí),艾林·斯佩羅還不至于束手無(wú)策。
【真題例句】A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of antiintellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.(2004閱讀4)
【詞義選擇】關(guān)系代詞they根據(jù)就近指代上文our schools,在翻譯時(shí)我們譯出表示強(qiáng)調(diào);counterbalance本義表示“平衡力”,本句根據(jù)否定結(jié)構(gòu)anything…but…,將其譯為“制衡,抗衡”。
【參考譯文】《一百年來(lái)教育改革的失敗》探究了學(xué)校中反學(xué)識(shí)傾向的根源,得出結(jié)論,認(rèn)為學(xué)校根本沒(méi)能抗衡美國(guó)人對(duì)學(xué)識(shí)追求的厭惡。
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