分詞做定語:
1. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.(2000-英譯漢-75)
解析:這個(gè)句子的主句是Additional social stresses may also occur,為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),翻譯為:“另外的社會(huì)壓力也會(huì)發(fā)生。”because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements是原因狀語從句,應(yīng)該翻譯在主句之前,“因?yàn)槿丝诿驮龌蛘哂纱罅咳丝诹鲃?dòng)所造成的問題”,arising from mass migration movements分詞做定語修飾problems。這個(gè)句子的關(guān)鍵是themselves指代什么,根據(jù)themselves后邊成份的內(nèi)容:“現(xiàn)代交通工具使……變得相對(duì)容易”知道所指為mass migration movements。所以調(diào)整下語序和修飾下詞語,這句話比較后翻譯為:“由于人口猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使大量人口流動(dòng)變得相對(duì)容易)所引起的各種問題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。
2. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(2003-英譯漢-63)
解析:這個(gè)句子的主句為“The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.”為主謂賓補(bǔ),翻譯為“對(duì)。。。的強(qiáng)調(diào)使這個(gè)研究成為一門獨(dú)特而特別重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。on data gathered first-hand介詞短語做定語修飾The emphasis,翻譯為:“對(duì)搜集第一首資料的強(qiáng)調(diào)”combined with a cross-cultural perspective過去分詞做定語也修飾“The emphasis”,“加上跨文化視角” brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,過去分詞作定語修飾“perspective”,“在分析過去和現(xiàn)在文化所采用的視角”,根據(jù)短定語放在修飾詞之前的原則,上面的句子就翻譯為“強(qiáng)調(diào)搜集第一手資料,加上在分析過去和現(xiàn)在的文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用跨文化視角,使這一研究成為一門獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。”這兒把“emphasis”名詞動(dòng)譯,使得句子更加通順,在翻譯過程中根據(jù)漢語語言習(xí)慣調(diào)整詞的詞性是比較常見的,也是每位翻譯者應(yīng)該具備的能力。
上面這兩個(gè)例子都是分詞做定語的例子,在真題中分詞做狀語的例子更多。
3. Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.(2007-2-3)
解析:這個(gè)句子的主句是“they are usually given only by psychologists”是一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),主語“they”指上文提到的“兩種智力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)試”“Generally costing several hundred dollars”是分詞作狀語,“although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.”是讓步狀語從句。全文翻譯為“盡管這兩種智力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)試的不同種類多見于書店和萬維網(wǎng),但是通常只有心理學(xué)家進(jìn)行這種成本在幾百美元的測(cè)試。”
4. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless.(2003-4-2)
解析:這個(gè)句子的主句是“we demand everything” “Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care”是分詞作狀語修飾主句,“that can possibly be done for us”是定語從句修飾先行詞everything,“even if it's useless”是讓步狀語從句修飾主句。那么全句就翻譯為:“由于有醫(yī)療費(fèi)用由第三方支付這個(gè)擋箭牌,我們常常要求采用一切醫(yī)療手段,即使它們不會(huì)有任何用處。”在這我們添加了“醫(yī)療手段”等詞,都是根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)系補(bǔ)充在譯文中的,這樣讀者就更容易理解原文和原句了。
總之,分詞在考研英語長難句中有著不可忽視的分量,但是并不是考生的難點(diǎn),所以建議大家在復(fù)習(xí)初期就能掌握。
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