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考研英語備考:英語必備形近詞辨析50例

來源:來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò) 時間:2010-04-12 15:47:41

  1.adherence和adhesion這兩個詞都是“粘附的”意思。

  adherence 用于比喻的意思。例如:His adherence to the strict letter of the law.

  adhesion 是指物質(zhì)上的。

  2. adjacent,adjoining和contiguous這些詞都有next to“緊挨”的意思。

  adjacent“毗鄰的,鄰近的”,但它們可能并不相互直接接觸。

  adjoining和contiguous指相互接觸,通常之間有一個edge或boundary。

  3.admission和admittance它們都有“the act of entering”的意思。

  但admission用于公共場合。The price of admission to the gallery is £5.

  admittance不指公共場合,一般指私人的住所。

  4. adopted和adoptiveadopted“收養(yǎng)的,過繼的” an adopted son (daughter)養(yǎng)子(女);my adopted country我所入籍的國家; adopted words外來語。

  adoptive“收養(yǎng)的”,我們說adoptive parents,但很少說adoptive child;“采用的”,“假冒的”an adoptive courage 假充勇敢。

  5.adverse和averseadverse“不利的,反對的”,用于事,不用于人。adverse weather conditions; an adverse reaction.

  averse“嫌惡的,反對的,不樂意的”,常和“to”一起使用,而且用否定形式。

  6.advise和adviceadvise“勸告”(動詞);

  advice“勸告”(名詞)。

  7.affect和effectaffect v.“影響”,它的第二個意思是“假裝”

  Though she affectes indifference, I knew she was really very upset.

  effect n.“結(jié)果”,“效力”。 “產(chǎn)生”,“導(dǎo)致”,它比“to cause, to bring out”更為正式。

  His aim was to effect a radical change in the party structure.

  8.all ready和alreadyall ready意思是“completely prepared”

  already“已經(jīng)”。He had already had his lunch.

  9.altogether和all togetheraltogether (in total)“總共”

  all together意思是“in a group”。如:We put the sheep all together in one field.這兩個詞還可以分開。We put all the sheep together in one field.

  10. allude和eludeallude“暗指”,“暗示”,“(婉轉(zhuǎn))提到”。

  elude (to avoid or escape)“閃避,躲避”。

  如:to elude sib’s grasp逃脫,沒有被逮住;to elude the law規(guī)避法律。The meaning eludes me.那個意義我摸不透。

  11.illusion和delusionillusion“幻覺,錯覺”be under no illusion about sth.對某事不存幻想。

  delusion“欺騙,迷惑”He suffers from the delusion that he's attractive to women.他糊里糊涂地認為自己對女人很有吸引力。

  12.amended和emendamended (to alter or add to something)“訂正,改正”,“修正(議案等)”。

  an amended bill修正案;amend one's ways改過自新。

  emend (to correct errors in)“校訂”。

  emend the text of a book�?蹦硶�;He emended the typescript before sending it to the printers.在交付印刷之前他校正文稿。

  13.amicable和amiable這兩個詞都是指“友好的”意思。

  amicable“友好的,親切的”指行為或情景。

  The discussions were amicable, though business-like.討論雖然是商業(yè)形式,但是友好的。

  amiable“可愛的,和藹可親的”

  Many people are afraid of him, though I found him to be perfectly amiable.雖然我發(fā)現(xiàn)他特別和藹可親,但還是有很多人害怕他。

  14.assent和ascentassent 可用作“agreement”“同意”或“agree”“同意”。

  ascent n.“上升,晉升”。the ascent of mountain登山。

  15.avert和avoidavert“防止,避免”。

  avoid“回避,逃避”。avoid bad company避免和壞人來往;I cannot avoid seeing him.我不能不見他。

  16.besides和besidebesides意思是“in addition to”“加之,還有,另外”;

  beside“在……旁邊”,“在……一側(cè)”。Duncan is the tall man standing beside my father.

  站在我爸爸旁邊的高個子男子是鄧肯。

  17.coherence和cohesioncoherence“統(tǒng)一,一致性”;

  cohesion“結(jié)合力,團結(jié)”。the cohesion of molecules分子的結(jié)合力。

  18. compare with和compare tocompare with“和……比起來”

  compare to“好比”。He compared the moon to a silver plate.他把月亮比成一個大銀盤。

  19.impel和compelimpel“推動,驅(qū)使,激勵”。impel sb. to do sth.激勵某人做某事;

  compel“強迫,脅迫,迫使”。compel sb. to one's will強迫人服從自己。

  20.complement和complimentcomplement“補足(物),補全”,“補足語”。

  compliment“恭維話,贊辭,敬意”; Your presence is a great compliment.

  承蒙光臨,不勝榮幸。

  21.confident和confidantconfident“深信,確信,自信”。

  confidant“心腹朋友”。She has no close confidant to whom she can turn for advice or help.

  她沒有知心朋友來幫助或是勸告她。

  22.continual和continuouscontinual“連續(xù),繼續(xù)”;“頻繁的”;continual bouts of toothache一陣接一陣的牙痛。(這中間可能有停頓或間斷。)

  continuous“連續(xù)”(指從不間斷的); We have had three weeks of continuous rain.

  我們這里連續(xù)三周下雨不停。

  23.might和couldmight 表明“possibility”。

  could 應(yīng)該用來表明“permission”. Mum said we could (might) go to the football match.

  24.council和counselcouncil“議事機構(gòu)”,委員會;a cabinet council內(nèi)閣會議。

  counsel“商議,勸告”;follow sb's counsel close牢記某人忠告。

  25.creditable和crediblecreditable “聲譽好的,可稱許(贊揚)的”;

  credible “可信的,可靠的”He's the only one without a credible alibi (辯解,托辭),他是惟一一個沒有可信托辭的人。

  26.decisive和decideddecisive“果斷的,斷然的”;decisive measures斷然的措施。

  decided“明確的,無疑的”;a decided success明顯的成功。

  27.defective和deficientdefective (having a fault or flaw)“有缺陷的”。

  deficient (lacking in what is needed)“不足的”;be deficient in欠缺。

  28.definite和definitivedefinite (certain or clear, not vague)“明確的,一定的”。

  definitive (authoritative, that cannot be improved)“限定的,決定性的,比較后的”

  definitive host宿主;definitive organs定形器官;definitive sentence比較后判決。

  29.dependant和dependentdependant n.(one who depends on another for support)受贍養(yǎng)者。

  dependent adj.“依靠的,依賴的”;He'sstill dependent on state benefit. The rate of relief is dependent on one's income.

  30.discreet和discretediscreet“考慮周到的,慎重的”。

 discrete“分離的,分裂的”;On closer examination, we find that the pattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of colors.

  31.distinctive和distinctdistinctive“有特色的”,“獨特的”;

  distinct“清楚的,明顯的”;a distinct smell of alcohol on his breath; the distinctive stripes of the zebra.

  32.dual和dueldual“二重的”;dual personality雙重人格;dual control雙重管轄;[w] duel[/w]“決斗,競爭”;fight a duel with sb.與某人決斗;challenge sb. to a duel向某人提出決斗;a duel of wits斗智

  33.eatable和edibleeatable a.“可食用的,可吃的”;n.“食物、食品”。

  edible a.“適合食用的,可以吃的”;n.“食品”。

  在指吃的時候二者可通用:The toast was burnt and barely eatable/edible.但在其他情況下不一樣。

  If something is eatable, it may be eaten (though it may not be safe or desirable to do so); but, if something is edible it is safe to eat.

  34.economical和economiceconomic“經(jīng)濟學(xué)的,經(jīng)濟上的”an economic survey of Scotland 蘇格蘭經(jīng)濟調(diào)查;an economic blockade經(jīng)濟封鎖;

  economical“節(jié)儉的,經(jīng)濟的”;He's had to learn to be more economical now that his only income is a small pension.

  35.evoke和invokeevoke“喚起,引起”;evoke admiration引起羨慕。

  invoke“祈求(神靈)保佑,乞靈于”,行使(法權(quán));

  The shaman invokes the spirits of their ancestors.

  If our case fails in the national courts we will invoke the European Declaration on Human Rights.

  36.fatal和fatefulfatal causing death or disaster”“致命的”; a fatal disease不治之癥;a fatal wound致命傷。

  fateful crucial, significant, deciding one's fate”“重大的”,“決定性的,決定命運的”; On that one fateful day in October, millions of pounds were wiped off the value of shares.

  37.fictional和fictitiousfictional“虛構(gòu)的,小說的”。

  fictitious“虛構(gòu)的,編造的”(denotes something that is not real and has been created with the intention of deceiving others);He gave the police a fictitious name.

  38.historical和historichistorical“有關(guān)歷史的”,“歷史的”, the historical period歷史階段;historical personage歷史人物。

  historic“歷史上有名的,有歷史意義的”, historic town歷史名城。

  39.impassable和impassibleimpassable“不能通行的”,“不可逾越的”;an impassable swam不能通行的沼澤地。

  impassible“不感疼痛的;無動于衷的”; an impassible God無動于衷的神。

  40.infer和implyinfer“猜想,臆測”,“推斷”;infer a motive from an effect從效果推知動機。

  imply“含有……的意思”; Do you realize what his words imply?你領(lǐng)會他說話的含意嗎? I do not imply that you are wrong.我的意思不是說你錯了。

  41.impractical和impracticableimpractical (not sensible or efficient or not actually possible)“不切實際的,不現(xiàn)實的”。

  impracticable (not able to be done or used)“不能實行的,行不通的”;

  With a river on one side and a steep drop on the other, it is impracticable to widen the road.

  42.incredible和incredulousincredible“不可相信的,難以置信的”;incredible energy驚人的能量,精力。

  incredulous“不相信的,表示懷疑的”;be incredulous of hearsay不相信道聽途說;an incredulous look懷疑的目光。

  43.ingenious和ingenuousingenious“機靈的”; an ingenious mind機靈的頭腦;an ingenious machine精巧的機器。

  ingenuous“直率的,坦白的”。

  44.intense和intensiveintense“激烈的,強烈的”,“緊張的”an intense light強烈的燈光;intense heat酷熱;an intense life奮發(fā)圖強的生活。

  intensive“加強的,集中的”;“深入細致的,徹底的”; an intensive bombardment密集炮擊;an intensive study徹底的研究;an intensive reading精讀(extensive reading泛讀)。

  45.junction和juncturejunction“接合,連接”,“(河流的)匯合處”; make a junction取得聯(lián)絡(luò),連接起來junction box接線盒。

  juncture (a particular point in time or in a sequence of events)“接合,連接”,“時機,關(guān)頭”;an important juncture in a man's career人生歷程中的重要關(guān)頭;at this juncture在這個時候;in the present critical juncture of things在目前這一危急關(guān)頭下。

  46.apt和prone它們都具有“tending to or in the habit of”的意思,但是prone只用于人。Elderly people are prone to falls, often because of arthritic joints or dizziness.

  47.loose和loseloose“松的,寬的”。

  lose“丟失”; lose one's balance失去平衡,跌倒;lose one's head被搞糊涂。

  48.luxuriant和luxuriousluxuriant (growing strongly or vigorously; abundant, prolific)“繁茂的;多產(chǎn)的;豐富的”;

  His luxuriant beard was red.

  luxurious“豪華的,奢侈的”;a luxurious table奢侈的飯菜。

  49.magical和magic它們都和magic有關(guān)系,但是magical也有“wonderful, entrancing”的意思。

  50.masterly和masterfulmasterly (showing great skill or the skill of a master)“熟練的;名家的”。

  masterful (showing power or authority)“主人派頭的,專橫的”;You're so strong and masterful.

  51.obsolete和obsolescentobsolete(no longer in use or already out of date)“已廢棄的,已不用的”; an obsolete vessel廢艦;an obsolete word已廢的詞。

  obsolescent (going out of use or becoming out of date)“逐漸被廢棄的,快要不用的”;Do you think that faxes are obsolescent?

  52. officious和officialofficious“愛管閑事的”,“非正式的”;an officious statement非正式聲明。official“官方的”,“公務(wù)上的”; an official gazette官方通報;an official letter公函,公文;an official record正式記錄

  53.peaceable和peacefulpeaceable (peace loving, mild, placid, not inclined to quarrel or fight or existing in peace)“平和的”;“溫和的”;“溫順的”。

  peaceful“和平的,太平的”;“寧靜的”;“愛好和平的”;a peaceful night's sleep ; peaceful coexistence和平共處;peaceful uses of atomic energy原子能的和平應(yīng)用。
 

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