2010年英語(yǔ)考研新題型部分難度較以前難度增加了很多。首先，新題型以排序形式出現(xiàn)還是第一次，而且在題型上和大綱里的排序題也有所差別。按照以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，大綱里排序題一般會(huì)給出五個(gè)段落，把次序打亂再進(jìn)行排序即可，而今年的排序要求學(xué)生從六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中排除一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)再把其余的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行排序，這樣來(lái)說(shuō)，今年的新題型有一定的新穎性在里面;其次，大綱中的排序題給出兩個(gè)已知段落，一般是首尾段，再根據(jù)已知的段落進(jìn)行五選五排序，而今年的排序題只給出來(lái)了一個(gè)已知選項(xiàng)，而且這個(gè)已知選項(xiàng)是倒數(shù)第二段，這樣給考生解題就帶來(lái)了很大的難度。

　　另外，從題目的取材方面來(lái)說(shuō)，這篇文章是一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)類(lèi)的文章，摘自2003年第一期《麥肯錫周刊》(The Mckinsey Quartly)本文下方附有原文的鏈接，可供考生參考，11界的考生也需要關(guān)注國(guó)外類(lèi)似的雜志。這本雜志已經(jīng)是第二次被考研英語(yǔ)命題專(zhuān)家選為命題的素材庫(kù)了。整個(gè)文章主要描述目前歐洲的消費(fèi)品零售商在歐洲面臨的發(fā)展停滯的問(wèn)題，但他們卻忽視了在他們身邊一個(gè)潛在的市場(chǎng)以及消費(fèi)者習(xí)慣發(fā)生改變的事實(shí)。

　　比較后通過(guò)和原文對(duì)比就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，考研命題專(zhuān)家在出題的時(shí)侯把原文的段落進(jìn)行了組合和刪減速。原文中一段在考題中變成了兩段，而原文中的末尾在考題中又和下一段接在了一起，形成了一個(gè)新的段落，這樣給考生解題帶來(lái)了非常大的困難。以下附上的是新題型原文以及考研新題型真題，大家可以做以比較，希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

　　A wholesale shift in European groceries

　　1、BRetail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad, often with more. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。

　　2、FWholesale food and drink sales in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (together representing about three-quarters of the European market) came to €166 billion ($167.9 billion) in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate. 3、D All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence。

　　Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap substantial gains thereby

　　At least, that is how it looks in the aggregate. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too. 4、G But none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains。

　　A map of wholesaling

　　5、E Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries we have examined closely—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores, which unlike large retail chains are too small to buy direct from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafés (or, in some countries, catering)。

　　On the supply side, there are two types of wholesalers. Cash-and-carry ones operate stores, similar to warehouses, where they sell food and drink, mostly to traditional retailers and smaller horeca. Customers select and take away their purchases themselves. Delivery wholesalers, by contrast, deliver goods from their warehouses direct to their customers, mostly midsize or large food service operators. Both types of wholesalers abound in each food category, but delivery wholesalers are particularly numerous; generally small, local family businesses, they supply 50 to 60 percent of the market in all countries. Cash-and-carry outlets serve 10 to 20 percent of it, and other intermediaries, such as retail hypermarkets and a few food manufacturers, supply the rest。

　　Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the aggregate figures mask two opposing trends. 6、AThe first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out: consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005 (Exhibit 1). This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Moreover, demographic change—particularly the increase in the proportion of older, wealthier people in the population—will probably sustain this pattern。

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to from a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)

　　[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative。

　　[B]Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need。

　　[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold。

　　[D]All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too。

　　[E]Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”： hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends。

　　[F]For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate。

　　[G]However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains。

　　41 →42→43→44→E→45

　　解析：

　　2010年考研的英語(yǔ)試題在新題型部分，出現(xiàn)了比較不常見(jiàn)的排序題，這完全在我們的預(yù)料之中。今年的排序題在題型上和傳統(tǒng)的排序題還有所差別。題目要求中明確指出，需要從A到G的7個(gè)段落中選取比較合適的段落組成一篇連貫的文章，其中E段(倒數(shù)第二段，非首段)的位置已經(jīng)給出，有一個(gè)段落是干擾項(xiàng)。

　　排序題的做題步驟及本題的解題過(guò)程如下：

　　1、通讀文章首段，了解主旨大意;

　　注：鑒于這篇文章并未給出首段，該步驟可以省略。

　　2、通讀各個(gè)段落，了解段落大意(或段落講解的核心概念)，更重要的是要標(biāo)出各段首尾句的關(guān)聯(lián)特征及段中明顯的標(biāo)志詞，如代詞、表示轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)系的邏輯詞、同根同義詞等。如：

　　A段：the first and more important … meanwhile…consumer’s growing preference for eating out; consumption of food and drink has risen與recession, people getting anxious, eating at home前后有對(duì)比對(duì)立的關(guān)系。

　　B段：retail sales of food and drink are at a standstill But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their won backyard: the whole food and drink trade,…(該句中既含有轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，又含有特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)冒號(hào)，標(biāo)志明顯，是需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的句子)

　　先提出問(wèn)題，but后面提到了可能的解決辦法，這像不像我們閱讀文章的第一段呢?

　　C段：比較明顯的標(biāo)志有：such variation，如果該段入選，前面一定提到了variation。段落中心即為段落第一句話(huà)：這些不同是否會(huì)帶來(lái)食物和飲料市場(chǎng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)的變化呢?重點(diǎn)談變化D段：這一段很難讀懂，但首末句卻并不難讀，且標(biāo)志明顯。

　　首句：All in all, this clearly seems to be a market …含有all in all(我們反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)，finally, all in all不一定在全文的比較后，可能是中間某幾段含義的總結(jié)，只能說(shuō)總體靠后)和指示代詞this。

　　末句：New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too。

　　E段：關(guān)注首末句和中間帶冒號(hào)的句子

　　首句主干：Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets are made out of the same building blocks。

　　中間句主干：Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent

　　mom-and-pop grocery stores and food service operators

　　末句：Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the

　　same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures mask two opposing trends. 注意到“two opposing trends”了嗎?

　　F段：首句：for example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion, more than 40 percent of retail saleswholesale food and drink的銷(xiāo)量及需求之大。

　　G段：重點(diǎn)：however——轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)系

　　these requirements——指代及與前文詞義的承接

　　3. 把明顯可以連接在一起的段落放在一起，如：

　　根據(jù)G段的these requirements可以很容易找到D段的末句N(xiāo)ew skills and　unfamiliar business models are needed too.，故G段應(yīng)該排在D段之后，即順序?yàn)椋篋G

　　根據(jù)B段的末句中談到的“大的有利可圖的機(jī)會(huì)”the wholesale food and drink trade，很容易將F段排在其后，因?yàn)镕段整個(gè)在講wholesale food and drink的銷(xiāo)量及需求之大。即順序?yàn)椋築F。并且B項(xiàng)先提出問(wèn)題，but后面提到了可能的解決辦法，基本會(huì)出現(xiàn)在閱讀文章的第一段。

　　根據(jù)已知段落E中的重點(diǎn)信息variations, two opposing trends等，可以推知其后的段落為A或C項(xiàng)，對(duì)比一下兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)與E項(xiàng)末尾的two opposing trends銜接緊密，且內(nèi)容一致，故順序?yàn)椋篍A，C項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)。

　　4. 將排出的幾個(gè)部分連接在一起，得出比較終答案。

　　現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)排出三個(gè)順序，將文章分為三部分：DG段、BF段(考前)、EA段(靠后)，基本可以確定比較后順序：BFDGEA，檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，F(xiàn)段和D段緊密銜接，D段中的this指代the wholesale food and drink trade。

　　綜上所述，新題型看似很難，但并不可怕，應(yīng)用好了各個(gè)段落中的關(guān)聯(lián)特征(包括指代關(guān)聯(lián)、轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)聯(lián)、詞義關(guān)聯(lián)、數(shù)字關(guān)聯(lián)等)，讀懂幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的句子(重點(diǎn)是首末句，帶有轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)系的句子，帶有特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)的句子等)，即使讀不懂全文，也能順利解決問(wèn)題，重點(diǎn)在于做題步驟和方法。