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全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語模擬試題節(jié)選一

來源:來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò) 時(shí)間:2009-11-13 10:08:07

  Section Ⅰ Use of English

  Directions:

  Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

  What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live 1 competing interests.Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take 2 over pizza.Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade.And the 3 of your romantic interest may have other options。

  In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and 4 consideration to our point of view.When we persuade, we want to influence 5 others believe and behave.We may not always prevail—other points of view may be more persuasive, 6 on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case.But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to 7 that our position receives the attention it deserves。

  Some people, however, 8 to the very idea of persuasion.They may regard it as an unwelcome intrusion 9 their lives or as a manipulation or domination.10 , we believe that persuasion is 11—to live is to persuade.Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, 12 or degrading.Persuaders may enlighten our minds or 13 on our vulnerability.Ethical persuasion, however, calls 14 sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners.Such persuasion can help us 15 the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make.16, an essential part of education is learning to 17 the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practise the other。

  18 its personal importance to us, persuasion is essential to society.The 19 to persuade and be persuaded is the foundation of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment 20 the Constitution。

  1. [A] on [B] among [C] for [D] by

  2 [A] priority [B] advantage [C] control [D] place

  3. [A] objection [B] projection [C] project [D] object

  4. [A] unbiased [B] unprejudiced [C] favorable [D] favorite

  5. [A] what [B] which [C] why [D] how

  6.\[A\] living\[B\] depending\[C\] resting\[D\] insisting

  7.\[A\] ensure\[B\] assure\[C\] insure\[D\] reassure

  8.\[A\] agree\[B\] object\[C\] confront\[D\] consent

  9.\[A\] onto\[B\] of\[C\] to\[D\] into

  10.\[A\] In contrast\[B\] In particular\[C\] For instance\[D\] As a result

  11.\[A\] prominent\[B\] invariable\[C\] evident\[D\] inevitable

  12.\[A\] embarrassing\[B\] inspiring\[C\] upgrading\[D\] innovating

  13.\[A\] prey\[B\] rest\[C\] put\[D\] fall

  14.\[A\] for\[B\] up\[C\] off\[D\] on

  15.\[A\] apply\[B\] contribute\[C\] transfer\[D\] connect

  16.\[A\] However\[B\] Conversely\[C\] Furthermore\[D\] Therefore

  17.\[A\] resist\[B\] perform\[C\] insist\[D\] restrain

  18.\[A\] Beyond\[B\] Except\[C\] Including\[D\] Excluding

  19.\[A\] power\[B\] authority\[C\] ability\[D\] right

  20.\[A\] to\[B\] for\[C\] on\[D\] in

  Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

  Part A

  Directions:

  Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

  Text1

  “I’ve never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University�!癐t’s a stupid endeavor�!� That’s an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13yearold dog named Missy.So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon.They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years.It seems the reproductive system of man’s best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science。

  Westhusin’s experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning.In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy’s DNA.None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother.The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you’re dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans�!癈loning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says。

  Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff.Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily.Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy’s mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy.He’s plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she dies.But he knows her clone may not have her temperament.In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owners and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy�!�

  The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin’s work.He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems�!癢hy would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we’re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”

  21.Which of the following best represents Mr.Westhusin’s attitude toward cloning?

  [A] Animal cloning is a stupid attempt。

  [B] Human cloning is not yet close to getting it worked out。

  [C] Cloning is too inefficient and should be stopped。

 �。跠] Animals cloning yes, and human cloning at least not now。

  22.The Missyplicity project does not seem very successful probably because 。

 �。跘] there isn’t enough fund to support the research

 �。跙] cloning dogs is more complicated than cloning cats and bulls

 �。跜] Mr.Westhusin is too busy taking care of the business

  [D] the owner is asking for an exact copy of his pet

  23.When Mr.Westhusin says “...cloning is dangerous,” he implies that 。

 �。跘] lab technicians may be affected by chemicals

 �。跙] cats and dogs in the lab may die of diseases

 �。跜] experiments may waste lots of lives

 �。跠] cloned animals could outlive the natural ones

  24.We can infer from the third paragraph that 。

  [A] rich people are more interested in cloning humans than animals

 �。跙] cloning of animal pets is becoming a prosperous industry

 �。跜] there is no distinction between a cloned and a natural dog

  [D] Missy’s master pays a lot in a hope to revive the dog

  25.We may conclude from the text that 。

  [A] human cloning will not succeed unless the technique is more efficient

 �。跙] scientists are optimistic about cloning technique

 �。跜] many people are against the idea of human cloning

 �。跠] cloned animals are more favored by owners even if they are weaker

  Text2

  With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge.Education was no longer a confirmation of a preexisting status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status.For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world.Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentlemaninwaiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility。

  In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world.The founding of the landgrant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from nonAngloSaxon, workingclass and lowermiddleclass backgrounds.The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses.And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information。

  For the gentlemaninwaiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish.And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously.For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work.The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity.While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and selfcontrol came to distinguish the new apprentice.And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward.Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising。

  26.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?

 �。跘] Democratic ideas started with education。

 �。跙] Federalists were opposed to education。

 �。跜] New education helped confirm people’s social status。

  [D] Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society。

  27.The difference between “gentlemaninwaiting” and “journeyman” is that  。

 �。跘] education trained gentlemaninwaiting to climb higher ladders

  [B] journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to him

 �。跜] gentlemaninwaiting belonged to a fixed and high social class

 �。跠] journeyman could do practically nothing without education

  28.According to the second paragraph, landgrant college 。

 �。跘] belonged to the landowning class

 �。跙] enlarged the scope of education

  [C] was provided only to the poor

  [D] benefited all but the upper class

  29.Which of the following was the most important for a “gentlemaninwaiting”?

 �。跘] Manners.[B] Education.[C] Moral.[D] Personality。

  30.The best title for the passage is 。

  [A] Education and Progress

 �。跙] Old and New Social Norms

  [C] New Education: Opportunities for More

 �。跠] Demerits of Hierarchical Society

  英語模擬試題(一)參考答案及解析

  Section Ⅰ Use of English

  1.【答案】 B 本題考查介詞的用法。

  【解析】 根據(jù)首句“人們生活在充滿勸說的世界中”以及隨后列舉的各種需要?jiǎng)裾f的情形,可以推斷出,我們的確生活在各種相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的利益中,“among”表達(dá)了人們與各種利益的并存含義,其他選項(xiàng)不符文意。

  2.【答案】 A 本題考查習(xí)慣搭配。

  【解析】 該句在對(duì)比兩種需求,其含義為“你的室友溫習(xí)功課準(zhǔn)備考試的需求先于他對(duì)比薩餅的渴求”,take priority over意為“享有優(yōu)先權(quán)”。其他搭配用法為:take advantage of意為“利用時(shí)機(jī)等;占……的便宜”,常用人作主語;take control of意為“控制”;take the place of意為“替代”。

  3.【答案】 D 本題考查名詞詞義辨析。

  【解析】 前面提到人們生活在各種利益中,該句的romantic interest可理解為“浪漫/愛情興趣”,與此語意構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系的只有object,表示(情感)對(duì)象,其他不合文意。\[A\] objection意為“反對(duì)”;\[B\] projection意為“投射;投擲”;\[C\] project意為“計(jì)劃,方案;項(xiàng)目”。該句含義為:就連你愛慕的對(duì)象也會(huì)另有其他選擇。

  4.【答案】 C 本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。

 【解析】 勸說別人的目的在于使別人公正地接受我們的觀點(diǎn),根據(jù)前文的fair以及表示并列關(guān)系的and,可推測(cè)出該選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該與fair(公正的)邏輯意義并列,選項(xiàng)\[A\] unbiased和\[B\] unprejudiced與fair基本同義,若入選則成為沒必要的重復(fù);\[D\] favorite意為“比較喜歡的人/物”,也不合文意,故選favorable,意為“贊同的”,選項(xiàng)也說明勸說別人的目的在于使別人贊同我們的觀點(diǎn)。

  5.【答案】 D 本題考查從句引導(dǎo)詞的辨析。

  【解析】 influence的賓語從句中的謂語behave是不及物動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)語法要求,首先排除帶有名詞含義的\[A\] what和\[B\] which;勸說別人能夠影響別人的思維和行為方式,而不是原因,所以排除\[C\] why,故選\[D\]。

  6.【答案】 B 本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。

  【解析】 幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以跟后文的on搭配,得出不同的含義,但前文講我們的觀點(diǎn)也許不如別人的更具說服力,后文給出不同的情形,根據(jù)文意選\[B\] ,depending on意為“依賴于;根據(jù)”。\[A\] living on意為“靠……生活”;\[C\] resting on意為“依靠”;\[D\] insisting on意為“堅(jiān)持”。

  7.【答案】 A 本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。

  【解析】 根據(jù)句子語法要求,該選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,符合這一要求的只有ensure,其語意為“保證,擔(dān)保”,其他選項(xiàng)不合語法要求。該句含義為:人們勸說他人時(shí),要努力確保自己的觀點(diǎn)得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注。\[B\] assure意為“向……保證;使確信”,常用作assure sb.that.。.或者assure sb.of sth.;\[C\] insure意為“給……保險(xiǎn)”,常用作insure sth.;\[D\] reassure意為“向……再保證;使消除疑慮”,常用作reassure sb.that...8.【答案】 B 本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。

  【解析】 上文講“勸說”這門藝術(shù)給人們帶來的益處,而這句中用however引出一些人對(duì)勸說的反面看法,首先確定表示肯定意義的\[A\] agree和\[D\] consent不合文意;而\[C\] confront意為“面臨;面對(duì)”,不能與to搭配,故選\[B\] object意為“反對(duì)”。

  9.【答案】 D 本題考查介詞的用法。

  【解析】 反對(duì)勸說這種做法的人認(rèn)為,勸說是對(duì)他人生活的侵犯,常與intrusion搭配使用的介詞為into或者upon/on,其他選項(xiàng)不符合用法。

  10.【答案】 A 本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。

  【解析】 本文作者對(duì)勸說持肯定態(tài)度,在提及一些人的反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)后,作者進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)自己對(duì)勸說的看法,因此選\[A\]。其他選項(xiàng)不合邏輯或文意。\[B\] In particular用于特別列舉說明;\[C\] For instance用于一般舉例;\[D\] As a result用于給出結(jié)果。

  11.【答案】 D 本題考查形容詞辨析。

  【解析】 根據(jù)短文首句以及后文to live is to persuade,可以判定“勸說”在我們生活中是不可或缺的。\[A\] prominent意為“突出的,顯著的”;\[B\] invariable意為“恒定不變的”;\[C\] evident意為“明顯的”,而\[D\] inevitable意為“不可避免的”,符合文意。

  12.【答案】 B 本題考查形容詞辨析。

  【解析】 作者列舉了各種性質(zhì)的勸說行為,連詞or前后的詞義相對(duì),degrading意為“有辱人格的”,在句中含義為:某些勸說令人感到有辱人格;與此語意相對(duì)應(yīng)選\[B\] inspiring,意為“鼓舞人心的”,其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。\[A\] embarrassing意為“令人難堪的”;\[C\] upgrading意為“提升的”;\[D\] innovating意為“有創(chuàng)新精神的”。

  13.【答案】 A 本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

  【解析】 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與on搭配,但產(chǎn)生不同的語意。根據(jù)or前后相對(duì)的含義,前半句講,勸說者或許開啟我們的心智,后面與之相對(duì)則該選prey,prey on意為“捕食;掠奪”,prey on our vulnerability意為“利用我們的脆弱達(dá)到自己的目的”。其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。\[B\] rest on意為“依靠”;\[C\] put on意為“裝出;上演”;\[D\] fall on意為“偶然遇到”。

  14.【答案】 A 本題考查習(xí)慣搭配。

  【解析】 符合道德的勸說行為要有周密的推理,根據(jù)搭配,call for意為“需要”;符合文意。故排除其他選項(xiàng)。call up意為“打電話;使人想起”;call off意為“取消”;call on意為“呼吁;拜訪”。

  15.【答案】 A 本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

  【解析】 當(dāng)我們對(duì)目前狀況做出決定時(shí),可以利用前人的智慧,合乎邏輯的選項(xiàng)為\[A\]。\[B\] contribute意為“貢獻(xiàn)”,若選此項(xiàng),原句意為“人們把先人的智慧貢獻(xiàn)給現(xiàn)在的決定”,也不合邏輯,故排除;\[C\] transfer(轉(zhuǎn)移)以及\[D\] connect(聯(lián)系)均不合邏輯和語意。

  16.【答案】 D 本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。

  【解析】 在分析道德上的勸說行為之后,作者需要得出結(jié)論,因此排除有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的\[A\] However和\[B\] Conversely,也排除有遞進(jìn)含義的\[C\] Furthermore,故選\[D\]。

  17.【答案】 A 本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。

  【解析】 人們受教育的過程就是學(xué)習(xí)周密推理和勸說的過程。這要求我們能夠抑制一種勸說而鼓勵(lì)并運(yùn)用另一種,根據(jù)句子前后邏輯,選項(xiàng)應(yīng)與encourage構(gòu)成相對(duì)語意,首先確定排除具有相同語意的\[B\] perform和\[C\] insist;\[D\] restrain意為“約束,控制(感情等)”,而\[A\] resist帶有“不接受”的含義,更符合文意。

  18.【答案】 A 本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。

  【解析】 在分析勸說對(duì)個(gè)人的重要意義后,作者又提及勸說行為對(duì)社會(huì)的重要意義,該段仍繼續(xù)論述勸說的重要意義,故排除\[B\] Except與\[D\] Excluding,它們用于引出跟目前話題不同的內(nèi)容;而\[C\] Including常用于列舉與話題相關(guān)的例子。該段作者在論述“勸說”這個(gè)主題的兩方面意義,因此選\[A\] Beyond意為“除了”。

  19.【答案】 D 本題考查名詞辨析。

  【解析】 勸說和被勸說作為美國(guó)憲法的基石是一種權(quán)利,所以選\[D\]。right是法律或道德賦予人們的權(quán)利;\[A\] power是對(duì)人或事的一種控制力量;\[B\] authority是對(duì)人或事控制的主動(dòng)權(quán);\[C\] ability是人們主觀的能力。

  20.【答案】 to 本題考查習(xí)慣搭配。

  【解析】 常與amendment“修正”搭配使用的介詞為to,其他不合用法要求。

  Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

  Part A

  Text1

  21.【答案】 D

  【解析】 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文中多次引用了威斯蘇森先生有關(guān)克隆的話,從中我們可以判斷出他的態(tài)度。[A] 中a stupid attempt出現(xiàn)在文章開始部分,是他對(duì)于克隆人而非克隆動(dòng)物的看法,因此[A] 錯(cuò)誤。[B] 中not yet close to getting it worked out出現(xiàn)在文章末句,是他對(duì)待動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的看法,不包括克隆人,因此也不選[B] 。事實(shí)上,克隆人還沒有開始,談不上是否接近成功。第二段末句,威斯蘇森先生提到克隆是極其低效的,但沒有提出因此就應(yīng)該被禁止。因此,[C]也錯(cuò)誤。第二段倒數(shù)第二句,威斯蘇森先生提出,動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)動(dòng)物卵的浪費(fèi)以及動(dòng)物的自然性流產(chǎn)還可以接受,但研究人就不行�?梢姡S克隆動(dòng)物,但他反對(duì)克隆人,因此[D] 正確。

  22.【答案】 B

  【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段倒數(shù)第二句指出,克隆密斯可能成功也可能失敗。該段比較后一句解釋其原因是:狗的生殖系統(tǒng)似乎是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)中一個(gè)神秘的領(lǐng)域,可見克隆狗更復(fù)雜。因此[B] 為正確項(xiàng)。第三段首句提到,克隆狗是一個(gè)商機(jī),能帶來豐厚的科研報(bào)酬。該段第三句又提到,對(duì)于像密斯的主人這樣的消費(fèi)者來說,高額的花銷并不是什么障礙。由此可知,[A]不是項(xiàng)目不成功的原因。[C] 原文沒有提及,第三段第二句只提到,多利羊克隆成功后,威斯蘇森教授接到很多希望克隆狗的電話,這些電話都潛藏商機(jī)。但不能由此推知他忙于商業(yè)活動(dòng)。第三段比較后兩句提到,密斯的主人知道,密斯的克隆體不一定能有與它一樣的脾氣秉性。在一份用途聲明中,密斯的主人和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械大學(xué)的團(tuán)隊(duì)表示,他們“共同期待能研究密斯的克隆體與它本身的差異之處�!笨梢姡跠] 也不是原因。

  23.【答案】 C

  【解析】 理解題。題干引用的話出現(xiàn)在第二段末。前一句話中威斯蘇森先生提到在貓或牛的克隆試驗(yàn)中對(duì)動(dòng)物卵的浪費(fèi)以及許多動(dòng)物的自然性流產(chǎn),因此可知,[C]是“危險(xiǎn)”的真正含義。其他項(xiàng)文中均未提及。

  24.【答案】 B

  【解析】 推理題。第三段首句提到,克隆狗是能帶來豐厚科研報(bào)酬的商機(jī)。下文舉了兩個(gè)例子進(jìn)一步說明:動(dòng)物醫(yī)學(xué)院頻繁接到電話,以及富人一擲千金想克隆愛犬,因此可以推出答案是[B] 。[A] 項(xiàng)文中沒有提及,[C]與文意相反,[D]項(xiàng)原文中密斯的主人只是想要一個(gè)密斯的孿生子,而不是讓密斯死后復(fù)活。

  25.【答案】 A

  【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章一開始就引用專家威斯蘇森的話,指出克隆人是愚蠢的嘗試。第二段比較后兩句提到,克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)的低效性和危險(xiǎn)性在克隆人中不可接受。文章末尾再次引用該專家的話,指出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)物的克隆研究還沒完全成功,沒有必要想到克隆人。由此可見,技術(shù)是克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)存在的主要問題,也是阻礙克隆人實(shí)驗(yàn)的重要原因,因此可推知[A] 正確。[B] 明顯錯(cuò)誤,科學(xué)家并不樂觀。全文只涉及專家和擁護(hù)克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)的人的觀點(diǎn),因此無法推知[C] 中的“許多人”。[D] 在文中沒有提及。

  Text2

  26.【答案】 D

  【解析】 推理題。文章第一段第一句指出,隨著19世紀(jì)上半葉民主權(quán)利的擴(kuò)展以及隨之而來的聯(lián)邦主義機(jī)構(gòu)的削弱,一種新的教育觀念出現(xiàn)了。接下來的內(nèi)容主要是圍繞這種新的教育觀念展開論述。從第一句話中可以得知,是民主權(quán)利的擴(kuò)展帶來了新的教育觀念的產(chǎn)生,[A]項(xiàng)顛倒了二者的先后關(guān)系,故錯(cuò)誤。文中提到“新”的教育觀念是在聯(lián)邦主義機(jī)構(gòu)削弱的情況下產(chǎn)生的,由此可以得出,新的教育觀念與聯(lián)邦主義有些沖突,并不能得出聯(lián)邦主義者反對(duì)整個(gè)教育即[B] 項(xiàng)的結(jié)論。第二句作者指出,教育不再是對(duì)人們先前地位的確定,而成了獲得更高地位的手段。因此[C] 項(xiàng)與文意不符。同時(shí)通過該句“不再”(no longer)可以推斷出,從前的教育可以確定人們的社會(huì)地位,因此[D] 項(xiàng)為正確答案。

  27.【答案】 C

  【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)題。解題的關(guān)鍵在于考生對(duì)文中關(guān)于兩類人的論述的把握。文章第一段末句提到,教育成了培訓(xùn),學(xué)生也不再是等在那里的紳士,而是要提升自己經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的熟練學(xué)徒。由此可知,“學(xué)徒”與“紳士”的不同就是,紳士不用將教育當(dāng)成工具去努力爭(zhēng)取社會(huì)地位,因此可以推測(cè)出紳士們屬于較高的社會(huì)階層。\[C\] 為正確選項(xiàng)。文中提到教育訓(xùn)練學(xué)徒們而非紳士爬上更高的階梯,所以[A] 項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,[B]項(xiàng)和[D] 項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及。

  28.【答案】 B

  【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干landgrant college定位到原文第二段第二句話:國(guó)家贈(zèng)予土地的學(xué)校的建立為那些來自非盎格魯—薩克遜血統(tǒng)、工人階級(jí)和中下層背景的貧窮但有抱負(fù)的男孩們敞開了享受高等教育的大門。由此可知,[B]項(xiàng)為正確答案。作者提到為窮人提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì),卻并未說明只有窮人才能從中獲益,也并未把上層社會(huì)的人排除在外,因此[C]和[D] 錯(cuò)誤。[A] 項(xiàng)中土地所有者階級(jí)在文中沒有提及。

  29.【答案】 A

  【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段一開始,作者就提到,對(duì)于紳士們來說,美德首先包括了高雅和風(fēng)度,與其身份地位相符的行為方式,教育僅僅是學(xué)會(huì)高雅的一種方式而已。由此可見,在紳士們眼中,[A]項(xiàng)“行為舉止”是比較重要的,而不是[B] ,[C]項(xiàng)“道德”,與原文包含很多內(nèi)容的virtue(美德)不符,[D]項(xiàng)在原文中沒有提及。

  30.【答案】 C

  【解析】 主旨題�?忌柰ㄆ盐杖�。文章一開始就提到民主權(quán)利的延展和聯(lián)邦主義的削弱帶來了新教育制度的出現(xiàn)。接下來,作者主要介紹了這一新的教育觀念的內(nèi)涵,及其與舊式教育觀念的異同,并對(duì)新舊兩種教育體制下的學(xué)生進(jìn)行比較。縱覽全文可以推斷,文章主要講的是新的教育觀念,并未涉及教育的發(fā)展問題、社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則問題,所以[A]、[B] 項(xiàng)都錯(cuò)誤。雖然原文中講到了“等級(jí)社會(huì)的缺點(diǎn)”,但不是全文所要表現(xiàn)的主旨,故[D] 不正確。[C] 項(xiàng)為比較佳答案。

結(jié)束

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