Directions:
　　 You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
　　 The making of weathervanes (devices fixed on the top of buildings to show directions of the wind) is an ancient skill, going back to early Egyptian times. Today the craft is still very much alive in the workshop that Graham Smith has set up. He is one of the few people in the country who make hand-cut weathervanes. Graham’s designs are individually created and tailored to the specific requirements of his customers. “That way I can produce a unique personalized item,” he explains, “A lot of my customers are women buying presents for their husbands. They want a distinctive gift that represents the man’s business or leisure interests.”
　　 It’s all a far cry from the traditional cock, the most common design for weathervanes.
　　 It was not a cock but a witch on a broomstick that featured on the first weathervane Graham ever made. Friends admired his surprise present for his wife and began asking him to make vanes for them. “I realized that when it came to subjects that could be made into them, the possibilities were limitless,” he says.
　　 (41)_____________.
　　 That was five years ago and he has no regrets about his new direction. “My previous work didn’t have an artistic element to it, whereas this is exciting and creative,” he says. “I really enjoy the design side.”
　　 (42) _____________.
　　 Graham also keeps plenty of traditional designs in stock, since they prove as popular as the one-offs. “It seems that people are attracted to handcrafting,” Graham says. “They welcome the opportunity to acquire something a little bit different.”
　　 (43) _____________.
　　 “I have found my place in the market. People love the individuality and I get a lot of satisfaction from seeing a nondescript shape turn into something almost lifelike,” he says.
　　 (44) _____________.
　　 “And nowadays, with more and more people moving to the country, individuals want to put an exclusive finishing touch to their properties. It has been a boost to crafts like mines,”
　　 (45) _____________.
　　 American and Danish buyers in particular are showing interest. “Pricing,” he explains, “depends on the intricacy of the design.”His most recent request was for a curly-coated dog. Whatever the occasion, Graham can create a gift with a difference.
　　 [A] Graham has become increasingly busy, supplying flat-packed weathervanes to clients worldwide.
　　 [B] Graham decided to concentrate his efforts on a weathervane business. He had served an apprenticeship as a precision engineer and had worked in that trade for 15 years when he and his wife, Liz, agreed to swap roles—she went out to work as an architectural assistant and he stayed at home to look after the children and build up the business.
　　 [C] Last month, a local school was opened with his galleon ship weathervane hoisted above it.
　　 [D] “For centuries, weathervanes have kept communities in touch with the elements, signaling those shifts in wind direction that bring about changes in the weather,” he explains.
　　 [E] Graham has no plans for expansion, as he wants to keep the business as a rural craft.
　　 [F] Graham has now perfected over 100 original designs. He works to very fine detail, always seeking approval for the design of the silhouette from the customer before proceeding with the hand-cutting.

　　答案
　　41.B 42.F 43.E 44.D 45.A
　　總體分析
　　本文通過(guò)介紹格雷漢姆的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明制作風(fēng)向標(biāo)這種傳統(tǒng)手工藝在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)又煥發(fā)了生機(jī)。
　　[A] 格雷漢姆忙著給世界各地的顧客供應(yīng)風(fēng)向標(biāo)。
　　[B] 格雷漢姆過(guò)去的工作經(jīng)歷以及如何開始從事風(fēng)向標(biāo)生意的。
　　[C] 上個(gè)月開辦的一所地方學(xué)校就升起了他制作的大型帆船風(fēng)向標(biāo)。
　　[D] 風(fēng)向標(biāo)過(guò)去的作用是使人類與天氣保持聯(lián)系。
　　[E] 格雷漢姆只想把風(fēng)向標(biāo)保持為一種鄉(xiāng)村手工藝。
　　[F] 格雷漢姆設(shè)計(jì)得非常精細(xì)，并總是設(shè)法先讓顧客對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)滿意。
　　試題精解
　　41.[精解] 本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文的銜接
　　本題空格上文是文章的前三段。前兩段介紹了主人公格雷漢姆是制作風(fēng)向標(biāo)的手工藝者，他為顧客特制不同于傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的風(fēng)向標(biāo)。第三段提到，格雷漢姆做的第一個(gè)風(fēng)向標(biāo)引起了朋友的興趣，也讓他自己意識(shí)到了商機(jī)的存在�？崭裣挛募吹谖宥蔚谝痪涮岬�，“那是五年前的事了”。與上文銜接，空格處應(yīng)繼續(xù)圍繞格雷漢姆從事風(fēng)向標(biāo)的制作展開論述。與下文銜接，空格處應(yīng)論述五年前的情況。因此[B]正確。其中第一句話“格雷漢姆決定把精力投入到風(fēng)向標(biāo)生意上”與上文論述的“發(fā)現(xiàn)商機(jī)”銜接緊密，后面部分出現(xiàn)的“15 years”與下文“five years ago”相呼應(yīng)。
　　42.[精解] 本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文的銜接+段群的主題
　　本題空格上文即第五段，論述了格雷漢姆對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)向標(biāo)工作的喜愛。空格下文即第七段提到，格雷漢姆也保留了很多傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)�？梢�，上下文主要圍繞“設(shè)計(jì)”這個(gè)主題展開論述。而且，下文出現(xiàn)的特征詞“also”表明空格部分與下文存在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。[F]中“original designs”與下文“traditional designs”對(duì)照呼應(yīng)，因此是正確項(xiàng)。
　　43.[精解] 本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文的銜接
　　空格上文即第七段后半部分提到，人們對(duì)手工制作很感興趣�？崭裣挛募吹诰哦伍_始提到，格雷漢姆已經(jīng)在市場(chǎng)上占有了一席之地。涉及“市場(chǎng)”的是[E]，其中“格雷漢姆想把它保持為一種鄉(xiāng)村手工藝”與下文“占有了一定的市場(chǎng)”含義銜接。此外，[E]中“craft”與上文“handcrafting”是詞匯重復(fù)。
　　44.[精解] 本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文內(nèi)容上的呼應(yīng)
　　空格下文即第十一段主要論述了現(xiàn)在像風(fēng)向標(biāo)制作這樣的手工藝發(fā)展的原因。其中關(guān)鍵詞是“and nowadays”，它表明了與空格處邏輯上存在并列關(guān)系。與“現(xiàn)在”形成對(duì)比的是“過(guò)去”，[D]論述了風(fēng)向標(biāo)過(guò)去傳統(tǒng)的功能，即過(guò)去存在的原因。
　　45.[精解] 本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文的銜接+詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)現(xiàn)
　　空格下文即全文比較后一段論述了格雷漢姆銷售風(fēng)向標(biāo)的情況，其中“buyers”為關(guān)鍵詞。[A]和[F]分別出現(xiàn)了同義詞“clients”和“customer”。但[F]主要談?wù)摰氖窃O(shè)計(jì)方面的問(wèn)題，[A]才是有關(guān)銷售的內(nèi)容，而且“worldwide”一詞與下文“American and Danish”呼應(yīng)。因此[A]正確。

　　核心詞匯或超綱詞匯
　　(1)a far(或long) cry from習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于very different from(與……相差甚遠(yuǎn)，與……大相徑庭)，如The published book is far cry from the early manuscript.(印刷出來(lái)的書與當(dāng)初的手稿相差甚遠(yuǎn)。)
　　(2)swap(v./n.)交換，交易，如They swapped stories about their army days.(他們互相講述了在軍隊(duì)中的經(jīng)歷。)
　　(3)one-off (n.) 一次性的事物，絕無(wú)僅有的事物;(a.)一次性的，非經(jīng)常的，如a ~ payment(一次性付款)
　　(4)nondescript(a.)莫可名狀的，難以區(qū)別的，無(wú)特征的
　　(5)the elements(尤指惡劣的)天氣
　　(6)touch(n.)修飾，潤(rùn)色，裝點(diǎn)，如to put the finishing ~es to the report(給報(bào)告做比較后的潤(rùn)色)。
　　(7)flat-packed平整包裝的，即，購(gòu)買者需要自己組裝產(chǎn)品。
　　全文翻譯
　　風(fēng)向標(biāo)(固定在建筑物頂端用來(lái)指示風(fēng)向的設(shè)備)的制作是一門古老的工藝，可以追溯到古埃及時(shí)代。如今這項(xiàng)工藝在格雷漢姆·史密斯建立的工作室里依然散發(fā)著生機(jī)。他是這個(gè)國(guó)家里僅有的幾個(gè)從事手工制作風(fēng)向標(biāo)的人之一。格雷漢姆的設(shè)計(jì)是為個(gè)人制作的，他按照顧客的具體要求量身訂做�！斑@樣我就能生產(chǎn)出獨(dú)特的個(gè)性化的產(chǎn)品”，他解釋說(shuō)，“我的許多顧客都是女性，她們?cè)跒檎煞蛸I禮物。她們想要能代表男人事業(yè)或業(yè)余興趣的特制的禮物�！�
　　它們與風(fēng)向標(biāo)比較普通的設(shè)計(jì)，即傳統(tǒng)公雞形狀的風(fēng)向標(biāo)相差甚遠(yuǎn)。
　　格雷漢姆做的第一個(gè)風(fēng)向標(biāo)不是公雞形狀的，而是一個(gè)在長(zhǎng)柄掃帚上的女巫。朋友們都羨慕他這份給妻子帶來(lái)驚喜的禮物，開始紛紛要求為他們也制作風(fēng)向標(biāo)。他說(shuō)，“我意識(shí)到當(dāng)涉及用風(fēng)向標(biāo)可以表現(xiàn)的題材時(shí)，其可能性是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的�！�
　　格雷漢姆決定把精力投入到風(fēng)向標(biāo)生意上。他曾經(jīng)當(dāng)過(guò)精密度工程師學(xué)徒，并在這個(gè)行業(yè)中工作了15年，然后他和妻子同意交換一下角色——妻子外出工作，當(dāng)助理建筑工程師，而丈夫留在家中照顧孩子并建立自己的事業(yè)。
　　那是五年前的事了，格雷漢姆對(duì)自己選擇的新方向沒(méi)有后悔。他說(shuō)，“我以前的工作沒(méi)有任何藝術(shù)性，而現(xiàn)在這種工作充滿了刺激與創(chuàng)造性，我真的喜歡設(shè)計(jì)�！�
　　格雷漢姆現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完善了100多個(gè)原創(chuàng)設(shè)計(jì)。他精工細(xì)作，總是在動(dòng)手制作前先讓顧客對(duì)輪廓的設(shè)計(jì)滿意。
　　格雷漢姆也保留了很多傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，因?yàn)樗鼈儽蛔C實(shí)與偶然的創(chuàng)造一樣受歡迎。他說(shuō)，“看上去人們對(duì)手工制作很感興趣，他們想有機(jī)會(huì)獲得一些與眾不同的東西”。
　　格雷漢姆沒(méi)有擴(kuò)展(工作室)規(guī)模的計(jì)劃，因?yàn)樗�想把它保持為一種鄉(xiāng)村手工藝。
　　他說(shuō)，“我已經(jīng)在市場(chǎng)上占有了一席之地。人們喜愛個(gè)性化的東西，而當(dāng)我看到一個(gè)沒(méi)有任何特色的形狀變得栩栩如生時(shí)，感到非常滿足�！�
　　他解釋到，“幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，風(fēng)向標(biāo)發(fā)送引起天氣變化的風(fēng)向轉(zhuǎn)變的信號(hào)，從而使人類社會(huì)與天氣保持聯(lián)系�！�
　　 “然而現(xiàn)在，隨著越來(lái)越多的人遷入鄉(xiāng)村，很多人想給自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)做比較后的獨(dú)特的修飾。這促進(jìn)了我這樣的手工藝的發(fā)展�！�
　　格雷漢姆越來(lái)越忙，忙著給世界各地的顧客供應(yīng)平整包裝的風(fēng)向標(biāo)。
　　美國(guó)和丹麥顧客特別感興趣。他解釋說(shuō)，“價(jià)格的制定取決于設(shè)計(jì)的復(fù)雜性�！彼�比較近的定單是一只卷毛狗。無(wú)論什么情況下，格雷漢姆都可以制作出與眾不同的禮物。