1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive，however lucky and robust we are。

　　[參考譯文]  不管我們多么幸運(yùn)，多么健壯，我們所希望的長壽年齡實(shí)際上是有限度的。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句分為兩部分：(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。)，第一部分是主句，第二部分是however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；主句中on…alive是介詞短語，作limit的后置定語，how引導(dǎo)的從句是介詞on的賓語，該從句的主語是we，謂語是can hope to remain，表語是alive；讓步狀語從句的主語是we，謂語是are，表語是lucky and robust。這句話翻譯時(shí)也要將從句提前，然后再譯主句。

　　[知識(shí)鏈接]  virtual實(shí)際的；remain保持；a limit on…對(duì)……有限制；alive活著的；lucky幸運(yùn)的；robust健壯的。

　　2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。

　　[參考譯文]  盡管正式的學(xué)習(xí)過程是由挑選出來擔(dān)當(dāng)此角色的教師來進(jìn)行的，非正式的學(xué)習(xí)過程卻是作為孩子成長的自然一部分而完成的。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]  該句可拆分為兩部分，(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. )，第一部分是While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句；從句中，formal learning是主語，謂語是is transmitted，過去分詞selected作teachers的后置定語，是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的狀語；主句中，informal learning是主語，謂語是is acquired，介詞短語as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的結(jié)果狀語。

　　[知識(shí)鏈接]  while盡管，雖然；formal learning正式的學(xué)習(xí)過程；transmit傳遞；perform從事，執(zhí)行；informal learning非正式的學(xué)習(xí)過程；acquire獲��；development發(fā)展(這里活譯為“成長”)。

　　3. While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon。

　　[參考譯文]  雖然社會(huì)心理學(xué)根植于整個(gè)西方文明的知識(shí)土壤里，其今日的繁盛卻被認(rèn)為是典型的美國現(xiàn)象。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]  該句可拆分為兩部分：(While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization,) (its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. )，第一部分是以While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句；從句中，主語是the roots，謂語是lie in，of social psychology是roots的后置定語，the intellectual…western civilization是介詞in的賓語，of the whole western civilization是soil 的后置定語；主句的主語是its present flowering，其中的its指代前面的roots，謂語是is recognized，不定式to be...an American phenomenon作主語flowering的補(bǔ)足語。

　　[知識(shí)鏈接]  social psychology社會(huì)心理學(xué)；1ie in存在于……；intellectual知識(shí)的，知識(shí)分子；civilization文明；flowering開花(活譯為“繁盛”)；be recognized to be..。被看作……；characteristically典型地。

　　4. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is。

　　[參考譯文]  雖然這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)引發(fā)以他人利益為代價(jià)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張行動(dòng)，因此也會(huì)引發(fā)沖突，但卻不能認(rèn)為類似于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的國家間的沖突不可避免，盡管競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]  該句可拆分為三大部分；(White it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, ) (it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable,) (although competition is. )，第一部分是While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句，第三部分是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；第一部分的主語是山指代后面的that從句，實(shí)際上，While it is true that已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)，參見知識(shí)鏈接，that從句的主語是this competition，謂語是may induce，賓語是efforts，不定式to expand territory作efforts的后置定語，at the expense of others作expand的狀語；and之后的lead to是謂語，與前面的induce并列，conflict是賓語；主句中的主語是it,指代后面的that從句，該從句的主語是conflict，謂語動(dòng)詞是is，表語是inevitable，復(fù)合形容詞war-like作conflict的定語，among other nations作conflict的后置定語；第三部分although從句的主語是competition，謂語是is，表語是inevitable，承前省略了。該句的第二部分，即主句運(yùn)用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，在翻譯時(shí)要譯為漢語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)，這是常用的一條原則，因?yàn)橛⑽亩啾粍?dòng)，漢語多主動(dòng)。

　　[知識(shí)鏈接]  while it is true that..。雖然……是(正確的)；competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；induce引發(fā)，導(dǎo)致；territory領(lǐng)土；領(lǐng)地；at the expense of…以……為代價(jià)；conflict沖突；war-like類似于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的；inevitable不可避免的。

　　5. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case。

　　[參考譯文]  盡管迄今為止互聯(lián)網(wǎng)似乎更加青睞國際社會(huì)中的發(fā)達(dá)領(lǐng)域，而非不太發(fā)達(dá)的領(lǐng)域，情形并不總是如此。

　　[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] 該句可拆分為兩部分：(While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed,) (this need not always be the case. )，第一部分是While引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句；從句中，it是形式主語，指代后面的that從句，While it is true that已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)，參見知識(shí)鏈接，that從句主語是the Internet，謂語是seems，不定式to be..。作表語，介詞短語over the less developed作favoring的狀語；主句比較簡單，主語是this，指代從句內(nèi)容，謂語是need not always be，表語是the case。

　　[知識(shí)鏈接]  while it is true that盡管，雖然；to date迄今；favor青睞，重視；sector部門，領(lǐng)域；the international community國際社會(huì)。