Text 1

    Do you remember the days when companies such as Microsoft and Mc-Kinsey took immense satisfaction from subjecting job candidates to mind-crunching strategy sessions? If you thought that was rough, imagine an interview in which no amount of research or questioning of insiders will help. Imagine instead that all you can do is to have a healthy breakfast, pick up your nicest suit, and hope for the best. In the new interview, they are not just testing what you know. They are also testing who you are.

    It’s called the situational interview, and it’s quickly becoming a must in the job-seeking world. In the post-Enron culture of caution, corporations are focusing on an obvious insight: that a gold-plated resume and winning personality are about as accurate in determining job performance as Wall Street analysts are in picking stocks. Now, with shareholder scrutiny, hiring slowdowns, and expense-reducing, no manager can afford to hire the wrong person. Hundreds of companies are switching to the new methods. Whereas the conventional interview has been found to be only 7% accurate in predicting job performance, situational interviews deliver a rating of 54% -- the most of any interviewing tool.

    The situational technique’s superiority stems from its ability to trip up even the wittiest of interviewees. Of course, every applicant must display a healthy dose of occupational know-how, but behavior and ethical backbone play a big role. For example, a prospective analyst at a Wall Street bank might have to face, say, a customer with an account argument. It’s not happening on paper, but in real time – with managers and experts watching nearby. The interviewer plays the role of a fierce customer on the phone, angry about money lost when a trade wasn’t executed on time. It’s set up as an obvious mistake on the bank’s part.

    Interviewers watch the candidates’ reactions: how they process the complex account information, their ability to talk the client down, what their body language displays about their own shortcomings, and which words they choose. In this instance, not being honest about the mistake or showing anger or frustration – no matter how glowing your resume – means you are out. In addition, behavioral interviews are also being rounded out by other tools that, until recently, had been reserved for elite hires. Personality-testing outfit Caliper, for example, which probes candidates for emotional-intelligence skills and job ability, has seen its business jump 20% this year.

    Clearly, the new interview isn’t without its drawbacks. Companies run the risk of arousing hostility in candidates, who may feel as if some line has been crossed into personal territory. Moreover, some companies worry about the fairness of personality tests. They have to make sure there are no inherent gender or racial biases in the test. (452 words)

    Notes：mind-crunching 絞盡腦汁的。situational interview 情景面試。 scrutiny 精查細(xì)看。rate vt. 評級，分等。trip up （使）犯錯誤。dose 劑量。ethical backbone 倫理的主導(dǎo)思想。talk down 駁倒。round out 使齊全：It will give an opportunity to round out your experience. outfit全套裝備。

    1. In situational interviews, job applicants are required to ___________.

    A. be dressed up in the height of fashion B. be examined in professional experiences

    C. present written and polished resumes D. demonstrate their knowledge and personality

    2. The new interview is widely adopted because of its __________.

    A. efficiency in selecting the fittest brains B. insight into the interviewee’s character

    C. accuracy in testing working experience D. exactness in assessing performing skills

    3. The situational interview is superior to the conventional in its __________.

    A. capability to catch the smartest applicants in misjudgments

    B. possibility to lead the wisest candidates to behavioral mistakes

    C. technique to make the cleverest interviewees be inaccurate

    D. function to frustrate the brightest individuals by hard questions

    4. When mentioning “its business jump 20% this year” in paragraph 5, the author is talking about _________.

    A. the best job performance of candidates B. how to employ trained elite personnel

    C. the equipment perfecting the new interview D. the example of the situational interview

    5. The advantages of the behavioral interview include all of the following EXCEPT __________.

    A. it helps avoid employing the wrong personnel B. it urges examinees to display fully their expertise

    C. it drives most candidates into feeling hostility D. it stimulates testees to handle real-time problems

    Text 2

    Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped” their products in the United States at “l(fā)ess than fair value.” Even when no unfair practices are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.

    Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company.

    Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief law against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports --- and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad --- the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.

    Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to de-ice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a large foreign company with the United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States” company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch company, while the “Canadian” companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt. (340 words)

    Notes: subsidy n. 補助，津貼。dump vt. 傾銷。brazen a. 棘手的；不知羞恥的。duty 關(guān)稅。allegations 指控。bizarre 荒誕的，稀奇古怪的。subsidiary子公司。

    1. The first paragraph suggests that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is that ______.

    A. the company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States

    B. a foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government

    C. a foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States

    D. a foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value

    2. Companies have the general impression that International Trade Commission import relief practices have _______.

    A. caused unpredictable fluctuations in volumes of imports and exports

    B. achieved their desired effect only under unusual circumstances

    C. actually helped companies that have requested import relief

    D. had less impact on international companies than the business community expected

    3. The text warns of the danger that companies _______.

    A. in the U. S. may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek it from import competition

    B. that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain

    C. that are not U.S.-owned may seek legal protection from import competition under U.S. import relief laws

    D. in the United States that import raw materials may have to pay duties on those materials

    4. What function does the last paragraph perform in the text?

    A. It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas for research

    B. It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.

    C. It discusses an exceptional case in which the results expected by the author of the text were not obtained.

    D. It cites a specific case that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.

    5. The text is chiefly concerned with ________.

    A. arguing against the increased internationalization of the United States corporations

    B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently had unintended consequences

    C. advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped” products but not for other imports

    D. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices

    Text 3

    How do the American people consider the existence of E.T. (Extra-Terrestrial) and UFO? Of late, the Gallup Poll has carried out an investigation on this subject, with American adults as its object. The results have shown that there are millions of people who believe in the existence of a “Third Contact” (which means not only those who have seen the UFO, but those who have seen the travelers of the UFO). The “Third Contact” is the original language used in the film An Encounter with the Unknown), and there is only one in every three who denies the existence of E.T. and UFO, they have become the minority as a result.

    The Gallup Poll in 1966 for the first time put forward a question to the general public. “Do you believe in the existence in other planets of the universe of organisms similar to those of human beings of the earth? 34% of the people of that time answered “Yes”, 46% answered “No”, the remaining 20% answered “Don’t know”. But in the more than twenty years since then, the number of people who believe in the existence in the universe of other intelligent organisms has gradually increased. This year there are already 50% of the people who answer that they believe in the existence of E.T.

    A representative of the Science Investigation Center of Abnormal Phenomenon has expressed the belief that this is due to the huge investment in the production of films and TV programs and the series of warmly welcomed SF (Science Fiction) films and TV programs which produce colossal impact on the audience. The representative further pointed out that “with the development of religious dissociation of the American society, the American people no longer regard the preaching of the “Bible” that the human beings on the earth are the only intelligent organisms of the universe as absolutely correct. On the other hand, scientific work has begun to show more concern over the probe of extra-terrestrials, which is also the reason for the creation of the above-mentioned situation”.

    As regards the investigation this time, 9% of the investigated people answered that they had seen things believed to be UFO. Compared with the statistics of the past, it is about the same as the values of 1973 and 1978 and slightly more than the 5% of 1965. But there is a small decline this year in the proportion of the people who believe in the existence of UFO. In 1973 it had increased to 54%, in 1978 to 57%, but the result of investigation this year has dropped to 50%.

    If the results of investigation are derived from the analysis of age, sex, and record of schooling of those who answer the questions, it may be said that those who believe in the existence of UFO and E.T. are noticeably numerous among the group of people relevant to the strata of college graduates over 50 years old. The proportion of men and women in the belief of UFO is almost similar, but as to the existence of E.T., the belief of the male is 60%, that of the female is 40%. If distinction is made according to regions, then those who live in the western regions are more inclined to be on the affirmative. (544 words)

    Notes: Extra-Terrestrial外星人。 put forward 提出； as regards … 至于…。 dissociation 分離。 probe v./n. 探究；stratum strata (pl.) 社會階層 ；be inclined to do sth. 傾向于做某事；on the affirmative持肯定態(tài)度。

    1. Which of the following best describes the content of the text?

    A. Recent Scientific Investigation

    B. Encounters with UFO and E.T.

    C. Mysterious Objects From Outer Space

    D. Americans’ E.T. and UFO Consciousness

    2. In the first paragraph the author most probably intends to convey to us the information that ____________.

    A. the majority of the American people, including children, believe in the existence of E.T. and UFO

    B. there are millions of people who have seen not only UFO but also the travelers of the UFO

    C. something like two thirds of adult subjects believe in the existence of E.T. and UFO

    D. the existence of E.T. and UFO is completely justifiable in the eyes of American people

    3. According to the text, which of the following is not responsible for the universal belief in the existence of E.T.?

    A. Greater interest in the studies of UFO in scientific work.

    B. The growth of religious dissociation of the American people.

    C. An explosion of films and TV programs relative to E.T.

    D. Abundant evidence in support of the existence of UFO.

    4. It can be learned from the text that ____________.

    A. the percentage of people who claimed to have seen UFO is greater in 1973 than this year

    B. the percentage of people who claimed to have seen UFO is smaller this year than in 1965

    C. there are proportionally as many believers of the existence of UFO in 1978 as in 1973

    D. the proportion of people who believe in the existence of UFO has diminished this year as compared with 1973

    5. It can be seen from the text that ____________.

    A. there are more believers of UFO and E.T. among educated people

    B. people who live in the western regions tend to believe more in the existence of E.T. and UFO

    C. in terms of sex, more women believe in the existence of E.T. and UFO

    D. there are more children than adults who believe in the existence of UFO and E.T.

    Text 4 (課外閱讀)

    There have been a great many explanations, some of them very complicated, of the great demand for college education in America, and they are probably all true in some measure. An oversimplified explanation is that over the last fifty years, three generations of the parents of growing children have realized that better education meant better living and, as individuals, and through group action, have pushed and urged that facilities be made available. Happily the nation has been able to provide the colleges, and the students have been admitted to them in ever-increasing numbers. And the consumers of the products of education ---government, business in all its forms, and labor -- all welcomed the expansion of opportunity because it simplified their problems of employing new workers, and training and placing them.

    Forty years ago, when the parents of today's high-school seniors were themselves in school, a high-school education was enough to get ready for most occupations, and, for those occupations, job training took place either in the high school or on the job. A college degree was necessary only for those who wanted to be ministers, doctors, or lawyers, high school teachers, scientists, or scholars. Today most jobs that offer opportunity for growth and advancement are open only to college graduates, for colleges have assumed the task of offering the specific preparation that is needed. There is very little job training in high schools today. Instead they concentrate on preparing students for college.

    What has happened is that, as business, industry, government, and the professions have expanded, they have developed a need for many varieties of specialists. Colleges and universities, responding to these developments, have organized new programs of study to train these specialists, and in turn these new programs draw students who would not have gone to college forty years ago.

    For example, almost all of the college programs in business and commerce have been developed within the last forty years. The same is true of teacher preparation and the more advanced programs in agriculture and home economics. And there is a long list of other offerings that were not available except in a few experimental programs. Accounting, social science, various forms of administration, public hospital and public health medical technology, and advanced nurses' training have been developed in higher education within those same forty years. And as evidence that the process is still continuing, we can see the emergence of atomic technology, nuclear engineering, computer technology, and, most recently, international administration. (413 words)

    1. In paragraph 1, the word "consumers" most probably refers to ______________.

    A. high-school graduates B. college graduates

    C. those who engage college graduates D. those who consume commercial goods

    2. According to paragraph 2, the parents of today's high-school students ______________.

    A. did not receive enough high-school education

    B. received a level of education which is almost equivalent to that of today's college

    C. who had secondary education were able to cope with most occupations at the time

    D. are all qualified for such professional positions as ministers, doctors or lawyers

    3. Which of the following does not seem to be an explanation of the great demand for college education in America?

    A. The parents have realized that higher education means a higher standard of living.

    B. A high-school education is not "high" enough for most occupations.

    C. A great need has been developed for many varieties of specialists.

    D. High schools concentrate mainly on preparing students for colleges.

    4. Which of the following specialties and programs was the least possibly available in American colleges and universities 40 years ago?

    A. International administration. B. Computer science and technology.

    C. Nuclear engineering. D. Advanced nurses training.

    5. What is the theme of the text?

    A. A general survey of American colleges and universities.

    B. The main reasons for the development of American higher education.

    C. The historical development of American colleges and universities.

    D. The higher education, the better living conditions.

    Text 1 Word Study

    1. subject vt. (to) 使…遭受到、受到，使…服從：1) He subjected us to a very difficult test. (他使我們經(jīng)歷一次非常艱難的考試。) 2) This country was once subjected to foreign rule. (這個國家曾一度遭受外國統(tǒng)治。) 3) He was subjected to severe criticism. (他遭到嚴(yán)厲批評。) 4) Scientists subject spacemen to all kinds of tests before they send them up in rockets. (科學(xué)家用火箭把宇航員送上太空以前讓他們經(jīng)受各種考驗。)

    subject adj. (to) 受…約束；容易受到：1)We are subject to the laws of the country. (我們受國家法律的約束。) 2) The employees are subject to the rules and regulations of the company. (雇員們都受到公司的規(guī)章制度的約束。) 3) He is subject to headaches. (他經(jīng)常頭痛。) 4）The arrangements are subject to change. (這些安排常常要變。)

    subject n. 題目，話題；主題，題材；科目，學(xué)科；目標(biāo)：1) He proposed a subject for the debate. (他為辯論出了一個題目。) 2) There are so many subjects I’d like to talk to you about. (有那么多話題我想和你們談。) 3) What is the subject of the poem? （這首詩的主題是什么?） 4）subject matter 主題。 5) In a primary school the main subjects are reading, writing and arithmetic. (小學(xué)的主要課程是閱讀、寫作和算術(shù)。) 6) He was the subject of much criticism. (他是許多批評的目標(biāo)。) 7) They used mice as subjects in the experiments. (他們用老鼠作為實驗對象。)

    同根詞：subjection n. 征服，控制：1) The subjection of the rebels took a long time. (征服這些造反派花了很長時間。) 2) The children lived in complete subjection while their father was alive. (孩子們在父親活著時生活在嚴(yán)格的控制中。)

    subjective adj. 主觀的：1） He was an objective rather than a subjective writer. (他是一位客觀的而不是主觀的作家。) 2) Grading of oral tests is quite subjective. (口語考試的打分是相當(dāng)主觀的。)

    2. prospect n. 前景，即將發(fā)生的情況；成功的希望；景色；潛在的主顧(=a possible customer)：1) This was the prospect our prisoner had to look forward to. (這是我們的囚徒所不得不盼望的前景。) 2）The house has a southern prospect. (這幢房子是朝南的。) 3) We have good prospects. (我們有美好的前程。) 4) The prospect is cheerful. (前途樂觀。) 5) I see no prospect of his recovery. (我看不出他有痊愈的希望。) 5) The hill commands a fine prospect. (這座山可以眺望美景。) 6) The salesman worked hard at finding some new prospects. (推銷員努力工作以便找到一些新的可能的顧客。)

    用于成語：in prospect 可以指望，即將出現(xiàn)：1) I have a much better job in prospect. (我可以指望有一份好得多的工作。) 2) Some relief to the taxpayers is in prospect. (即將對納稅人減稅。) 3) It is foolish to give up a good post when you have nothing else in prospect. (你還沒有可以指望的工作時放棄一個好崗位是十分愚蠢的。)

    同根詞：prospective adj. 未來的，可能的：1) Your prospective employer is the person who will, later on, be your employer. 2) Is she a prospective customer?

    III. Writing (圖表提綱式作文)

    Directions: Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay of 160--200 words within 30--35 minutes. Your essay must meet the requirements below.

    1. Write out the message conveyed by the graphs.

    2. Make an analysis of the strange phenomenon.

    3. Give your comment on it.

    正如上面兩張曲線圖所示，從1990年到1995年蛋類的平均價格不斷上升，并且其需求量也相應(yīng)增加。曲線圖還表明，從1995年到2000年期間蛋類價格下降，而且需求量也下降。這種現(xiàn)象是很奇怪的并值得研究。根據(jù)市場經(jīng)濟法則，需求量增加會引起價格上漲。也就是說，當(dāng)價格上升時，需求就下降，而當(dāng)價格回落時，需求就增加。但是現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)實恰好相反。

    產(chǎn)生這種奇怪現(xiàn)象的原因是很明顯的。從1990年到1995年期間隨著我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，人民的收入，其中包括工資、獎金和各種補貼迅速增加。雖然蛋類價格逐漸上升，但蛋類的需求量也急趨增加。另一方面，當(dāng)?shù)邦惖男枨筮_到某一點時，需求量就停止上升，因為人們開始把越來越多的錢花在衣著、娛樂和國內(nèi)外的旅游上。普遍認(rèn)為，從1995年到2000年旅游開支占我國人民總消費量的很大一部分。因此，同期蛋類需求量的下降也似乎是合理的。

    就我預(yù)測，由于家畜養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，蛋類價格很可能下降，因為對蛋類的需求有限，消費量的下降也是必然的。

    As is shown by the two graphs above, the average price of eggs was on the rise from 1990 to 1995 and the demand for them increased correspondingly. The graphs also indicate that during the period from 1995 to 2000 the price of eggs declined, and so did the demand. The phenomenon is quite strange and worth studying.

    According to the law of market economy, the increase in demand results in higher prices. That is to say, when prices climb, the demand decreases, and when prices fall, the demand grows. Now the reality was just the other way round.

    The reasons for this strange phenomenon are obvious. With the development of our socialist market economy, people’s incomes, including pay, bonus and different kinds of allowances, increased rapidly during the period from 1990 to 1995. Though the price of eggs rose gradually, the demand for them grew sharply, too. On the other hand, when the demand for eggs reached a certain amount, it stopped rising because people began to spend more and more money on clothing, recreations and tours round the country and even round the world. It is generally assumed that the expenses for tours accounted for a great part of the total consumption of the people in our country from 1995 to 2000. As a result, it seemed reasonable that the demand for eggs declined during the same period of time.

    As far as I can predict, with the domestic poultry farming continuing to develop, the price of eggs is likely to decline because the demand for them is limited and the fall in their consumption is also inevitable.(270 words)

    背記重點詞語漢英對照：1. 在上升：be on the rise。在增加/減少：be on the increase/decline。 2. 值得討論/買：be worth discussing/buying。 3. 正好相反：be just the other way round。 4. 占70%：account for (=makeup) 70%。 5. 因此：as a result。 6. n. 對…的需求：the demand for …。vt. 對我們的要太多：demand too much of us。 7. 必然的后果：inevitable consequences。

    Put the following sentences from Chinese into English:

    1. 正如上面兩張圖所示，溫室花朵經(jīng)不起暴風(fēng)雨的考驗。

    2. 對食品的需求量停止上升，因為人們開始把越來越多的錢花在旅游上。

    3. 人們普遍覺得，食品的開支占農(nóng)村人民總消費量的很大一部分。

    4. 對衣著的需求是有限的，因此其消費量的下降也是必然的。

    作業(yè)：1.讀完“復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)”中的閱讀一章，要反復(fù)讀2 – 3遍。

    2.“英譯漢”一章15篇文章必須在9月底以前翻譯完畢。

    贈言：胸懷大志和孜孜不倦的人，會開動腦筋、總結(jié)經(jīng)驗、汲取教訓(xùn)，不自以為是，不固步自封，這樣的人終將成就大業(yè)，伴隨他的是永遠(yuǎn)的奮進。

    Text 1 參考譯文

    你是否還記得過去像微軟和麥肯錫這樣的公司讓求職者接受絞盡腦汁的經(jīng)營策略考核，公司對這種做法卻十分滿意。如果你認(rèn)為，公司這樣做是太粗魯了，那你就設(shè)想，有一種面試中內(nèi)部人員的任何研究或質(zhì)疑都無濟于事。相反，你設(shè)想，你要做的一切只是把早飯吃好，穿上你比較漂亮的衣服，并且作比較好的打算。在這種新型的面試中，公司不僅僅考查你的知識面，他們還要考查你的人品。

    這種面試被稱為情景面試。很快這種面試在求職中廣泛采用。在后Enron公司審慎的氛圍中，公司正清楚地認(rèn)識到：一張鍍金的履歷表和令人折服的性格就幾乎可以準(zhǔn)確地判斷出一個人的工作表現(xiàn)，就像華爾街的金融分析家能準(zhǔn)確挑選證券一樣。現(xiàn)在，隨著持股人精查細(xì)看，招工者放慢速度并降低開支，沒有一個經(jīng)理有錢去雇一個不合適的人員。數(shù)以千計的公司正轉(zhuǎn)而采用新的面試方法。據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，傳統(tǒng)的面試在預(yù)測工作表現(xiàn)方面其準(zhǔn)確率只有7%，而情景面試準(zhǔn)確率竟達到54% -- 是任何面試手段中比較好的。

    情景面試這種方法的優(yōu)越性來自于它能夠使甚至比較機靈的求職者出錯。當(dāng)然，每個申請工作的人必須表現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)豐富的職業(yè)技能，但是行為和倫理的指導(dǎo)思想起很重要的作用。例如，要當(dāng)一位華爾街銀行未來的分析家就可能必須面對，譬如說，一位賬戶上有爭執(zhí)的客戶。事情不是以書面形式發(fā)生的，而是發(fā)生在實際時間 -- 經(jīng)理們和專家門在一旁看著。主持面試的人充當(dāng)一名在打電話的憤怒客戶的角色，他對一筆買賣沒有按時進行而損失的錢十分生氣。這件事被定為銀行方面的明顯錯誤。

    主持面試的人注視著求職者的各種反應(yīng)：求職者如何處理復(fù)雜的賬戶信息，他們駁倒這位客戶的能力，有關(guān)他們自己的缺點他們的體態(tài)語言表現(xiàn)出什么，以及他們選擇了什么樣的言詞。在這件事例中，不管你的履歷是多么光彩照人，對錯誤沒有誠懇的態(tài)度或者顯露出生氣或沮喪都意味著，你這次求職告吹了。

    行為面試現(xiàn)在還配上一些其他手段使其更完善，這些手段直到比較近一直保留來用作招聘精英尖子的。例如，性格測試的全套裝備Caliper今年營業(yè)額上升20%，這種設(shè)備是用來深入了解求職者的情感智力技能和工作能力的。

    顯然，這種新的面試不是沒有缺點的。許多公司冒著引起求職者敵視的風(fēng)險，因為求職者可能會感到，某種做法似乎與他作對而進入到他個人領(lǐng)域。此外，有的公司擔(dān)心性格測試的公正性。他們必須確保，這種測試中沒有固有的性別或種族偏見。

    Text 2 參考譯文

    不幸的是，許多美國公司把尋求法律保護使其不受進口競爭的影響變成一項主要的工作。1980年以來美國國際貿(mào)易委員會已經(jīng)收到了大約280封投訴信，聲稱受惠于外國政府補貼的進口使他們蒙受損失。還有340封信指控外國公司把產(chǎn)品“低價”“傾銷”到美國。即使來信沒有指控有失公平的做法，只要有工業(yè)受到了進口的損害這樣一個簡單的聲明就有足夠理由要求得到救濟。

    與一般印象相反，這種進口救濟要求對公司起的傷害作用多，起的幫助作用少。隨著大公司開展全球性業(yè)務(wù)，它們就會形成一個錯綜復(fù)雜的銷售、生產(chǎn)和研究的關(guān)系網(wǎng)。這些關(guān)系極其復(fù)雜，這就使得進口救濟的法律制度不可能滿足同一母公司下所有單位的戰(zhàn)略需要。

    國際化增加了這樣一種危險性，即外國公司利用進口救濟法律來對付這項法律力圖保護的公司。假設(shè)一家美國所屬的公司在海外建廠來制造一種產(chǎn)品，而它的競爭者在美國制造同一產(chǎn)品。如果這個競爭者能夠證明進口產(chǎn)品使它蒙受損失，而這家美國公司接受外國公司補貼在國外建廠，那么這家美國公司的產(chǎn)品在美國將沒有競爭力，因為他們可能不得不納稅。

    也許比較棘手的案子是，美國國際貿(mào)易委員會調(diào)查了對加拿大公司傾銷一種用于道路除冰的石鹽而損害美國制鹽業(yè)的指控。這一投訴的荒誕之處是，在美國營業(yè)的一家外國大公司要求得到幫助來對付一家在外國營業(yè)的美國公司。聲稱受到損害的這家所謂的“美國”公司是在荷蘭的一家大公司在美國的子公司，而所謂的“加拿大”公司是芝加哥公司的分公司，這家芝加哥公司是美國國內(nèi)第二大石鹽生產(chǎn)商。

    幫助你學(xué)習(xí)記憶單詞的有效方法 -- 同根詞解析

    jur [拉丁語] 法令，公正 *jury n. 陪審團，全體陪審員 *injure [in不 + jur 公正 + e = 違反法令] v. 傷害，損害，損傷 *injury n. 傷害，損害；受傷處 *injurious a. 有傷害作用的，有害的*injured a. 受傷的 n. the injured 受傷的人。

    jus [拉丁語] 法令，公正 *just a. 正義的，公正的；恰當(dāng)?shù)�，�?yīng)得的 adv. 剛才；只是，僅僅；正好，正是 *unjust a. 不公正的，不公平的 *justice n. 正義，公正 Justice Department [美] 司法部 *injustice n. 不公正，非正義 *justify vt. 證明 … 正當(dāng)（有理） be justified in doing sth有理由做 … *justifiable a. 可證明為正當(dāng)?shù)�，有理由�?*justification n. （做某事的）正當(dāng)理由 *adjust [ad使得 + just 正 = 使其正確] vt. 調(diào)節(jié)，改變 … 以適應(yīng)；調(diào)整 *adjustment n. 調(diào)節(jié)；校整 *adjustable a. 可調(diào)整的，可校正的。