Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased___1___that causes rapid rises in prices. When your money buys___2___goods so that you get less for the same amount of money___3___before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise___4___the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people___5___inflation as a time when “a dollar is not worth a dollar any more.”

    Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are___6___the most. Retired people, for instance, cannot___7___on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who don’t work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to___8___their needs in time of inflation.___9___income or any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to___10___rising prices. In many___11___they must stop buying some necessary items, such as food and clothing.

    Even for working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem___12___the cost of living rises, too. People who work must have even more money to___13___their standard of living. Just buying the things they need___14 more. When incomes do not keep pace with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same 15___of money, but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy___16___many goods and services.

    Government units___17___information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from which the rate of change can be determined. A price index___18___changes in prices using the price for a given year as the base. The base price is set___19___100, and the other prices are___20___as a percentage of the base price. (321 words)

    1. A. demanding B. spending C. consuming D. borrowing

    2. A. a few B. more C. fewer D. a little

    3. A. than B. like C. since D. as

    4. A. in B. for C. at D. to

    5. A. render B. depict C. describe D. assume

    6. A. hurt B. undermined C. damaged D. spoiled

    7. A. depend B. rest C. rely D. count

    8. A. acquire B. obtain C. meet D. suit

    9. A. Government B. Development C. Retirement D. Employment

    10. A. put up with B. keep up with C. fall in with D. get on with

    11. A. occasions B. cases C. positions D. situations

    12. A. although B. if C. when D. because

    13. A. keep up B. keep to C. reckon on D. reckon with

    14. A. spends B. costs C. consumes D. wastes

    15. A. number B. portion C. amount D. sum

    16. A. so B. too C. that D. as

    17. A. accept B. attain C. utilize D. gather

    18. A. measures B. estimates C. assesses D. evaluates

    19. A. against B. at C. by D. on

    20. A. reported B. designated C. decided D. publicized

    II. 選擇搭配題

    Directions：

    The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A—E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

    [A] “I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We’re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn’t — it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t much you can do about it.

    [B] “Finally, I can’t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.

    [C] “I’ve got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies．

    [D] “Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that’s not fair — too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.

    [E] “The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.

    [F] “So I just don’t know what to do. I’ve been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”

    [G] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation -- how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.

    Order:

    G

    41.

    42.

    43.

    44.

    45.

    F

    課外作業(yè)（課上不講，下次課提供答案）

    Directions:

    The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 1-5, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

    [A] These silent, zero-emission gadgets have long been used in NASA spacecraft. They represent the great hope of many environmentalists to power the first mass-produced electric car.

    [B] Whether they are used to run cars and buses or to make electricity for other applications, fuel cells operate by converting hydrogen to electricity without combustion. They are akin to continuously-recharging batteries. Hydrogen and oxygen are fed into a stack of plates that create electricity, with harmless water vapor as the by-product.

    [C] While batteries alone haven’t supplied the performance most drivers want, proponents believe that fuel cells, probably combined with batteries, hold the promise of performance, range and better mileage compared with today’s internal combustion engines.

    [D] If they work, methanol fuel cells could be a major breakthrough in energy consumption and conservation. The brave new technology could drastically cut air pollution from auto emissions and other sources.

    [E] The size and weight of fuel cells have always been problems. New fuel-cell technology promises to solve those issues.

    [F] Fuel cells can use various sources of hydrogen, including a simple tank of compressed gas. But methanol, a liquid usually produced from natural gas, is a much more efficient way to store hydrogen. This is why the first wave of fuel cells in cars will likely use an indirect methanol fuel cell, in which the methanol passes through a mechanism called a “reformer”, which extracts the hydrogen.

    [G] A new, lightweight fuel cell that runs on methanol may one day power your electric car. Sooner still, the new cell may fuel smaller devices such as your lap-top computer or mobile phone.

    Order:

    G

    41.

    42.

    43.

    44.

    45.

    F

    III. English-Chinese Translation

    1) It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows. He chooses, when he can, the method of the “controlled experiment”. If he wants to find out the effect of light on growing plants, he takes many plants, as alike as possible. Some he stands in the sun, some in the shade, some in the dark, all the time keeping all other conditions (temperature, moisture, nourishment) the same. In this way, by keeping other conditions constant, and by varying the light only, the effect of light on the plants can be clearly seen. 2) This method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answers to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season? ”

    In the course of his inquiries the scientist may find what he thinks is one common explanation for an increasing number of facts. The explanation, if it seems consistently to fit the various facts, is called a hypothesis. If a hypothesis continues to stand the test of numerous experiments and remains unshaken, it becomes a law.

    3) The scientist is always most gratified to find that an underlying “explanation” of many phenomena suggests in its turn the possibility of proving its own accuracy or falsity by a suitably arranged critical experiment. He is also gratified when his “explanation”, if true, points to a new series of experiments designed to answer a new set of questions. For the curiosity of the scientist is never satisfied.

    The evidence as to the vastness of the universe and the complexity of its arrangements continues to grow at an amazing rate. The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to diminish, but rather to increase with every new discovery. Fresh unexplored regions are forever opening out.

    4) The rapidity of the increase of scientific knowledge, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, is apt to give students and teachers the impression that no sooner is a problem stated than the answer is forthcoming. A more detailed study of the history of science corrects the impression that fundamental discoveries are made with dramatic suddenness. Even in our present age no less than fifty years separate the discovery of radioactivity from the explosion of the first atomic bomb. Much of the fundamental information which now enables us to control the onset and duration of disease was known a century ago.

    5) The teacher, giving his brief accounts of scientific discovery, is liable to forget the long periods of misunderstanding, of false hypotheses and general uncertainty, which almost invariably precede the clear statement of scientific truth. (486 words)

    IV. Writing Practice

    Directions:

    Your are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:

    1)detailed information about the books you want,

    2)methods of payment,

    3)time and way of delivery.

    Sample:

    Dear Sir / Madam,

    Allow me to introduce myself. My name is Li Ming. At present I’m preparing for a national English test. Therefore, I badly need a good dictionary. 能否請(qǐng)您告訴我一些有關(guān)詞典的情況。您的書(shū)店里現(xiàn)在有些什么詞典？哪一本比較符合我的需要？Besides, I also want to know how I will pay for it. 請(qǐng)您告訴我是用現(xiàn)金還是支票支付書(shū)款。By the way, if everything goes smoothly, when can I get the dictionary? 您用什么方式把書(shū)轉(zhuǎn)給我呢？

    Thank you very much for your time. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.

    Yours faithfully,

    Li Ming

    作業(yè)：1. 復(fù)習(xí)本單元內(nèi)容，配合“復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)”迅速瀏覽其中的語(yǔ)法和詞匯，為完形、英譯漢打好基礎(chǔ)。

    2. 做“復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)”中相關(guān) “完形”和“英譯漢”練習(xí)。

    3. 背記本單元應(yīng)用文。

    贈(zèng)言：有志者事竟成。(Where there is a will there is a way.)

    選擇搭配題參考譯文 (課外練習(xí))

    也許有一天你的電動(dòng)小轎車(chē)會(huì)用一種新型的、以甲醇為燃料的輕型燃料電池作動(dòng)力。 這種新電池可能不久后還可以為你的便攜式電腦或移動(dòng)電話(huà)等小型設(shè)備提供燃料。

    一旦投入使用，甲醇燃料電池可能是在能源消耗和能源儲(chǔ)存方面的一個(gè)重大突破。這種引人注目的新技術(shù)能極大地減少汽車(chē)尾氣和其它原因造成的空氣污染。

    燃料電池?zé)o論是用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)小轎車(chē)和公共汽車(chē)，還是用作其它設(shè)備的電源， 工作時(shí)都不需燃料就把氫轉(zhuǎn)化為電。它類(lèi)似于在連續(xù)充電的電池， 氫和氧被輸入一堆發(fā)電的多層板片裝置， 同時(shí)排出無(wú)害的水蒸氣作為副產(chǎn)品。

    這種低噪音、無(wú)排放物的小玩意兒早就在美國(guó)航空航天局的航天器上派上了用場(chǎng)。很多環(huán)保主義者對(duì)它寄予厚望， 期待它能為首批大量生產(chǎn)的電動(dòng)小轎車(chē)提供動(dòng)力。

    盡管僅靠蓄電池不能滿(mǎn)足大多數(shù)駕駛員對(duì)車(chē)子工作性能的需要， 但倡導(dǎo)者們認(rèn)為，燃料電池， 也許加上蓄電池，在車(chē)子性能、行駛路程、耗油量等方面有望勝過(guò)現(xiàn)在使用的內(nèi)燃機(jī)。

    燃料電池的大小和重量一直是沒(méi)有解決的問(wèn)題。新的燃料電池技術(shù)可望解決這些問(wèn)題。

    燃料電池能使用各種來(lái)源的氫氣，包括一種簡(jiǎn)單的壓縮氣儲(chǔ)罐。 但通常從天然氣中產(chǎn)生的一種液體─—甲醇─—能跟有效地儲(chǔ)存氫。這就是為什麼在小轎車(chē)中首批使用的很可能是一種間接的甲醇燃料電池。在該電池中， 甲醇里的氫通過(guò)一個(gè)叫做“重整器”的機(jī)械裝置被提取出來(lái)。

    幫助你學(xué)習(xí)記憶單詞的有效方法 -- 同根詞解析

    lat [拉丁語(yǔ)詞根] 帶有，產(chǎn)生，進(jìn)行

    *relate [re回 + lat帶 + e] vi. (to) 有關(guān)聯(lián) vt. 1.使互相關(guān)聯(lián) 2.敘述，講述

    *relation n. 1. 關(guān)系，聯(lián)系 2. 親屬，親戚

    *relationship n. 關(guān)系，聯(lián)系

    *relative a. 相對(duì)的，比較的 n. 親屬，親戚 *relativity n. 相對(duì)論，相關(guān)性

    *relevant a. 相關(guān)的

    *irrelevant a. 不著邊際的

    *correlate [cor=con 共同 + relate關(guān)聯(lián)] vt. 使相互關(guān)聯(lián) v. (to, with) 和 … 相關(guān)

    *correlation n. 相互關(guān)系，相關(guān)（性）

    *translate [trans轉(zhuǎn)移 + lat產(chǎn)生 + e ---- 換一種語(yǔ)言說(shuō)出來(lái)] v. 翻譯

    *translation n. 1. 翻譯，譯 2. 譯文，譯本

    *translator n. 譯者