名師指點(diǎn)2009年高考英語:一個(gè)“where”三大從句
“where”是高考熱點(diǎn)之一,命題中主要考查其在定語從句、名詞從句和狀語從句這三大從句中的使用。例如:
(1)Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
句中where是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中做狀語;
(2)You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.
句中where是連接副詞,引導(dǎo)名詞從句做表語,而本身在從句中做狀語;
(3)If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
句中where是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)狀語從句。
在回答有關(guān)where的題目時(shí),往往會(huì)遇到這樣兩個(gè)難點(diǎn):
一、定語從句中,“感覺不到”的where
一提到where,我們往往都借其詞義,想到“哪里”,無論是在工廠,在學(xué)校,在街道等等,都看得見,摸得著,例如:
They will fly to Washington,
they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where B. there
C. which D. when
答案A,這似乎是顯而易見�!八麄円w往華盛頓,他們打算在那(華盛頓)待上兩三天�!薄霸谌A盛頓”,使用where,有具體的地點(diǎn)。
不過再看一看下面的三個(gè)題目:
(1)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when
C. who D. which
(2)After graduation she reached a point in her career ____ she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B. what
C. which D. where
(3)My current job search is perhaps the only time in my life______I'm finding it's more helpful to be task-oriented rather than goal-oriented.
A. which B. what
C. where D. that
答案ADC,全部都是where。但是,你肯定不像剛才的“飛往華盛頓”的那個(gè)題目,能一眼辨別出是選擇where。
上面第(1)題,先行詞是cases,關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句,where是“in the cases(在這些案例中)”的意思;
第(2)題,先行詞是point,關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句,where是“on the point(在她職業(yè)中的那一點(diǎn))”的意思;
第(3)題,先行詞是time,關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句,where是“at the time(在那一時(shí)段)”的意思。
當(dāng)然,我們還會(huì)碰到一些先行詞,同樣會(huì)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句,而讓我們感覺不到“具體的哪”,這就需要同學(xué)們擴(kuò)大聽讀,在具體的、鮮活的語言材料中不斷體會(huì),從而加以把握。
二、“內(nèi)涵”不盡相同的三大從句里的where
在學(xué)習(xí)中,很多同學(xué)容易犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,就是不分定語從句、名詞從句和狀語從句where的不同內(nèi)涵,把定語從句中介詞+which所能等同的where,誤認(rèn)為適用名詞從句和狀語從句的where,把它們看成了一回事。例如:
A modern city has been set up in
was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which
C. that D. where
很多同學(xué)在回答這個(gè)問題時(shí),都不假思索地選擇了B. which,認(rèn)為in which就是where,引導(dǎo)定語從句。但是全句在in which前沒有先行詞,因此不是定語從句。本題應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇A。
那么, where在名詞從句和狀語從句中到底是什么樣的內(nèi)涵呢?
我們來看一看下面兩個(gè)題目:
(1)Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s _______ the best jobs are.
A. where B .what
C. when D. why
答案A。where作為連接副詞,引導(dǎo)名詞做表語,這里實(shí)際是“the place where”的意思。
(2)You’d better not leave the medicine _____ kids can get at it.
A. even if B. which
C. where D. so that
答案C。where作為從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)狀語從句,這里實(shí)際是“at the place where”的意思。
分清楚where在不同從句中的內(nèi)涵,可以使我們在選擇的時(shí)候,建立比較好的“語感”,從而幫助我們準(zhǔn)確回答好題目。
(責(zé)任編輯:盧雁明)
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